Human Ideas Research Articles

HUMANISTIC IDEAS IN MORE’S UTOPIA

This article focusses on the humanistic ideas of Thomas More (1478–1535), explained in his book Utopia, a work of fiction and socio-political satire, written in Latin and published in 1516. In Utopia Thomas More gives an exhaustive and detailed description of The State of Utopia which already exists somewhere in the New World. Those types of theories which are oriented into the future, into something which is not yet realised but is potentially possible are called utopian literature. It covers a wide area consisting of itineraries about fictional countries, suggestions of legal or moral legislation, and attempts to find the best state regulation. Humanism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively. But the questions are: are all More’s humanistic ideas entirely good? Who can take responsibility to judge what is good for each man? The article deals with the mentioned dilemma.
 
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Library services and resources on agriculture: With reference to Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University

Library has been Chief conserve of Knowledge and Ideas of Man. It is a vital link in the chain of the man’s communication. But, above all Library is a Human Enterprise. This article discusses the agricultural resources available in ANGRAU libraries and e-Resources. Services provided by the library of automation, digitization, resource sharing, LMS software, Consortium for e-Resources in Agriculture (CeRA) and institutional repositories Krishikosh. The role library to updating the information in the field of agricultural society wants to be update for latest agricultural research, move forward to key role in increasing productivity and self sufficiency in agriculture information service.

LEARNING FROM NONHUMAN ANIMALS: TOWARDS AN ETHICS OF POSTHUMANITIES

Throughout the debated discourse of humanism, humans were considered as the only species endowed with reason and moral values. The result was an andro/anthropocentric humanism that divided everything into hierarchies and confined everything within boundaries. European model of higher education has undoubtedly been an enforcement of humanist ideas and ideologies which established certain humans as exceptional and superior to other ‘non-privileged’ humans and nonhuman animals. In this era of posthumanism all the imposed and imbibed boundaries between the human and nonhuman are being questioned, challenged and eliminated to create an open network of cross-species encounters. In this context this article through the theories of Posthuman philosophy and Critical Animal Studies proposes a shift towards posthuman ethics of inclusion and understanding in the field of classical humanities in India. This can be achieved by employing postontological methods to create and understand nonhuman representations. Theories and studies by posthuman scholars like Donna Haraway, Rosi Braidotti, Cary Wolfe, Graham Harman form the basis of this paper. This article is an acknowledgement as well as an advocation of the shift happening across disciplines from humanities to posthumanities, which however is yet to make a movement in education in India.

Scientific mentoring in the educational practice of a student of a pedagogical university

Based on the analysis of scientific research, the paper shows the essence of mentoring as a pedagogical phenomenon, examines the meaning and content of scientific mentoring, its role in the educational practice of a student of a pedagogical university.
 Modern approaches to mentoring in Russian pedagogical science allowed the author to review the content of scientific publications, to propose the following working definitions of the terms mentoring, scientific mentoring, mentor in education, mentoring of bachelors of teacher education.
 Relying on domestic and foreign sources, the author reveals the features of scientific mentoring in comparison with mentoring in other professional fields, focusing on the extremely wide coverage of the sphere of mentoring in the implementation of modern educational practices of a student of a pedagogical university.
 The actualization of scientific mentoring reflects the conceptual aspects of studying the historical and pedagogical heritage of teachers of the past in modern conditions by organizing an international competition for research and creative works of students In the world of wise thoughts of domestic and foreign scientists and teachers.
 In the paper, the author pays special attention to the popularization and continuity of humanistic ideas, the pedagogical heritage of the outstanding Russian doctor and pedagogical humanist thinker N.I. Pirogov in the system of modern higher education in the direction of scientific mentoring the management of scientific research activities of students in the educational practice of a pedagogical university (in the form of writing scientific competitive works of different levels).
 The authors vision of the practical significance of the study in rethinking the historical and pedagogical heritage from the standpoint of modern approaches of scientific mentoring as an effective mechanism for transferring experience and knowledge from leading scholars and mentors and student research work is substantiated.

Материнская любовь в «Шахнаме» Фирдоуси и «Хамса» Низами

The image of good-natured women mothers in medieval literature has always been in the center of attention of writers to express instructive thoughts and lofty humanistic ideas. In this regard, in order to give aesthetic significance to their works, writers with great professional creative skill in their works vividly depicted the images of women. Along with beauty, tenderness, restraint and courage, motherly love was the source of their power and strength in the writer's work. The article attempts to make a comparative analysis of the images of bold and beautiful women in “Shahnama” by Ferdowsi and “Khamsa” by Nizami. The novelty of the research comes down to the fact that the comparative aspect of the concept of a woman-mother is considered from the point of view of typological commonality and character differences. The images in the above-mentioned works are analyzed and the behavioral features, beauty, charm, knowledge and mind of women are characterized, the differences in images are determined.

SCHOOL BULL SCHOOL BULLYING IN THE CON YING IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCI TEXT OF SOCIAL PEDAGOGY

Background. This article attempts to describe school bullying in the context of social pedagogy. The purpose of this article is to concretize the algorithm of social pedagogy in organizing support groups for victims of school bullying. Methods. The study of scientific papers by scientists allowed us to understand that the main method of organizing support groups is to restore a favorable atmosphere in the classroom by involving children themselves. The method of prevention of bullying - "Without blame" - is based on humanistic ideas of innocence of all bullying participants. The technology of appropriate social pedagogical work is a clearly structured process that consists of seven stages. Results and discussions. An approximate algorithm of activities for creating anti-bullying support in an educational organization is recommended for social teachers. Key components of the prevention and response to school violence program are described. Analyzing the above methods, we can highlight core components. Programmes to prevent and respond to school violence: the school director should demonstratively follow the program.

Humanist but not Radical: The Educational Philosophy of Thiruvalluvar Kural

Humanist ideas in education have been promoted by both Western thinkers and classical wisdom texts of Asia. Exploring this connection, I examine the educational philosophy of an iconic ancient Tamil (Indian) text, the Thiruvalluvar Kural, by juxtaposing it with a contemporary humanist classic, Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed. As this comparative study reveals, both texts offer humanist visions of relevance to education, politics, and society. Notably, however, the Kural takes what might be described as a more mainstream humanist stance vis-à-vis Freire’s radical humanist approach. Nevertheless, both educational philosophies share a common humanist bond representing important breakthroughs within their own given contexts. More specifically, the Kural supports a shift in consciousness and social practices away from caste rigidity, superstition, and pre-humanist beliefs while Freire championed transitioning from rigid, top-down and alienating educational delivery models and economic systems to learning processes and societies that are more democratized, dialogic and egalitarian.

REALISTIC RENDERING OF SELF-CONSCIOUS THOUGHT IN A. S. BYATT’S POSSESSION: THE PRESENTATION OF VICTORIAN VERSUS CONTEMPORARY IDEAS OF MAN, FAITH AND LOVE

The realistic rendering of Self-Conscious Thought in A. S. Byatt’s Possession is an evidence of Byatt’s success in making abstract ideas concrete. Possession, as an encyclopedia of theories and thoughts, Victorian or modern, is a novel in which ideas are less obtrusive and the author’s presence is intrusive. The twentieth-century part of the novel embodies Byatt’s confrontation with modern literary thoughts which are different in nature than the ideas incarnated in Victorians i.e. George Eliot’s fiction. Although such ideas are difficult to be turned into immediate daily concerns yet in Possession they fit into immediate personal dilemmas and gain a sense of urgency. A. S. Byatt, successfully, represents the universal ideas of man, faith and love, with a skeptic twentieth-century background in this novel. In addition, while George Eliot begins to generalize these ideas with an authorial voice, Byatt knows that these ideas have become equivocal, thus overthrowing authority of the author.

ПРОБЛЕМА ГУМАНИЗМА: РОМАН Ч.Т. АЙТМАТОВА «КОГДА ПАДАЮТ ГОРЫ: (ВЕЧНАЯ НЕВЕСТА)»

The definite rejection of the contemporary vices, which is the writerly credo of C.T. Aitmatov, is clearly evident in his novel When the Mountains Fall (The Eternal Bride) . The view of the Kyrgyz writer is focused on an individual that has found himself in a new historical condition. The humanistic ideas are affirmed in the last novel of C.T. Aitmatov through a series of antitheses - good and evil, high and low, mountains and city, natural and social.

Механизм самораскрытия способностей у подростков как фактор академической успешности

The aim of the study is to reveal the essence, structure and functions of the ability selfdisclosure mechanism in adolescents. The study is based on existential humanistic ideas about the inner content and self-worth of a person (A. Langle, C. Rogers), approaches of metacognitive psychology, revealing the resources of cognitive processes self-organization in relation to their personality and activities (M. Kashapov, A. Karpov ), ideas about the ability selfdisclosure by V. Chernyavskaya. The main empirical methods were psychodiagnostic, survey methods, self-description methods, comparative method, and modeling. Sample is represented by schoolchildren studying in grades from 9 to 11 in Moscow, the Moscow region and Vladivostok. A new problem of discovering the internal mechanism, which determines the inclusion of the personality's ideas about their own abilities in the self-concept structure, has been solved. The mechanism of ability self-disclosure is justified as a process of ordering the subjective experience associated with the implementation of abilities for a certain type of activity. The structure, content and functions of the ability self-disclosure mechanism in adolescents are revealed. The structure is represented by a system of interrelated elements. These are existential fulfillment, which creates the basis for self-acceptance and adequate formation of a person's self-image; metacognitive qualities that self-organize internal resources by gaining knowledge about the features of their cognitive processes and reflecting relationships with the world and with oneself. The influence of the ability self-disclosure mechanism on academic performance is shown. The mechanism determines the relationship between academic performance and the cognitive interests of a student. The correlation between the relationship of parents to an adolescent and the inclusion of ideas about own abilities in the structure of personality self-concept are revealed. The experience of self-acceptance, self-worth, the meaning of life, satisfaction is mediated by internal dialogue, which contains the internalized attitude of parents to adolescents. It has been determined that the parent role distribution (an adoptive mother and a directive father) develops the ability self-disclosure mechanism. The connection of the adolescent's opinion about what teachers and the reference group think about own abilities with the content of his self-concept is highlighted. It was revealed that the action of the ability self-disclosure mechanism is associated with the processing the information from others about own abilities, its subsequent differentiation and embedding it into the self-concept structure of an adolescent. The data obtained can be used in teachers and psychologists' work to develop psychological and pedagogical programs aimed at improving academic performance; in developing approaches to individual counseling of adolescents, their parents and teachers; in professional self-determination, vocational guidance of high school students, diagnostics of the ability selfdisclosure mechanisms and their development.

Magnificence as a Royal Virtue in Ottoman Jewish Political Thought

Recent years have seen a growing body of literature on relations between Renaissance Italy and the Ottoman Empire. One of the major lacunae in this research concerns the role of the Jews in the transmission of Italian humanist ideas. In order to address this topic, this article will focus on the “Crónica de los reyes otomanos” by the Sephardi polymath Moses ben Baruch Almosnino (ca. 1515–ca. 1580). My goal is to identify a shared set of themes present in Almosnino's thought and key fifteenth-century Italian sources on the correlation between magnificence and good government, and also to shed new light on the influence of Italian humanism in the Ottoman world.

БАРОКОВІ РИСИ ОБРАЗНОЇ СИСТЕМИ В ДРАМАТУРГІЇ ЛЕСІ УКРАЇНКИ

The article is devoted to the study of the dramaturgy of Lesya Ukrainka, in particular the dramatic works “Obsessed”, “Cassandra”, “Forest Song”. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the image system, based on which the features of the artistic representation of baroque features in the interpretive models of such images as Miriam (“Obsessed”), Cassandra (“Cassandra”), Mavka (“Forest Song”). It is proved that one of the leading baroque worldview characteristics is the synthesis of medieval theocentrism with biblical dominance and renaissance anthropocentrism with humanism and the idea of freedom of will and choice. In dramatic works Lesya Ukrainka portrays strong personalities who, guided by biblical truths and faith in God, decide their own destiny according to their own beliefs. The author emphasizes that everyone has the right to their feelings and emotions, endowed with freedom of will and choice, which can be traced in the interpretive models of images. It is important to appeal to the humanistic idea of accepting people, the desire to understand their actions and feelings. A common feature of the images in Lesya Ukrainka’s dramaturgy is the freedom, in particular the will and choice, which the heroes are endowed with or which they aspire to. In the dramatic work “Obsessed”, based on the biblical plot, Lesya Ukrainka develops the image of Miriam, combining anthropocentric and theocentric characteristics. The image of the main character represents the humanistic idea of freedom, because she fights with the community and as a result makes its own choice. The idea of freedom of will and choice is represented in the image of Mavka (“Forest Song”), in whose worldview the will is understood as a natural right of the individual. In addition, symbolism as a characteristic of Baroque literature is clearly expressed in Lesya Ukrainka’s artistic conception. Analysis of the dramatic work “Cassandra” represents a symbolic interpretation of the image of the protagonist.

The Application of Humanistic Teaching Methods in English Teaching

Humanistic teaching method can promote the cognitive development of students, but more importantly, it can develop emotional education for students. This article will briefly introduce the basic rationales and principles of the humanistic teaching method, teaching methods based on humanism and teaching activities that embody humanistic ideas, so as to explore the role of students’ emotional factors in promoting cognitive development.

HUMAN RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS IN BURHANIDDIN AL-MARGINANI’S WORK “AL-HIDAYA”

The study of the life and work of scientists, in particular, the heritage of scholars-faqihs of Maverannahr, who have great authority in all regions of the Islamic world, is becoming increasingly important in the world aspect. Their works on jurisprudence still serve as textbooks on Islamic law. This fact proves the importance and relevance of studying the history of origin, stages of development, and distinctive features of jurisprudence in Maverannahr. The article provides information on the study of ideas and recommendations in the book of Burkhaniddin al-Marginani al-Hidaya and analysis of the guidelines for the regulation of property relations, which provide specifc rules for the treatment of the property. Particular attention is paid to the legal status of minors, mentally retarded, and slaves as subjects. In today’s complex world extremist movements and fundamentalists that threaten the development of society in today’s complex world distort the essence and content of Islam and try to use it for their nefarious purposes. Therefore, the correct interpretation of the true essence of Islam, its basic principles, as well as peacekeeping and humanistic ideas is especially relevant and important. The study of fqh as a system closely related to practical life also acquires scientifc and practical signifcance. The four-volume al-Hidaya, written by Burhanuddin alMarginani, is an important and comprehensive legal code for the Hanaf school of thought in the Sunni school. It consists of more than 55 books, hundreds of chapters and covers all areas of Islamic law.

MIECZYSŁAW ŁOBOCKI – TWÓRCA WSPÓŁCZESNEJ TEORII WYCHOWANIA

From the standpoint of concrete-historical analysis, the views of the prominent scientist Mechyslav Lobotsky on the problems and ways of reforming education are generalized. The main focus is on those issues that are largely in line with today's challenges in the field of educational reforms. The results of the study show that the scientist implemented innovative ideas for the organization of school education, which met the needs of the time, conceptually remaining relevant today. In scientific terms, the exceptional value is developed by M. Lobotsky branch of pedagogical science – the theory of education, which reveals the main aspects of the process of education, the influence of adults on the education of the child's personality, the requirements that the teacher made to the educator. One of the conditions for the effectiveness of the educational process, according to the scientist, is the interaction of teachers and parents. The article highlights the main ideas of moral education in the context of the creative work of M. Lobotsky, who was a supporter of humanistic ideas of universal education. Its pedagogical concept and basic approaches to moral education of the young generation are analyzed. The importance of the pedagogical experience of the Polish scientist on moral education of children for the theory and practice of education in Poland is emphasized.

The Concept of Death. From Socrates to Ellis

"Death is a concept studied from ancient times by all major areas, from literature and art, to philosophy and psychology. In this research, we analyze the way Socrates, the famous Greek philosopher, negotiates the idea of death, through his own death. We approached this, because the ancient philosopher was put in this situation when he was sentenced to death, unjustly, following a democratic decision. His way of seeing death reveals a formula that does not match the expectation of his contemporaries, nor the classical typology of the imminence of his own death, belonging to psychiatrist Elizabeth Kübler-Ross. And the explanation of this non-coincidence is based on the philosophical idea of man and world and the specifics of his philosophical practice. It is precisely this philosophical conception and practice that will make Socrates’ attitude become repeatable and not unrepeatable, as one might expect, since this attitude appears so conditioned by specific elements. In fact, the rational research on the grounds of beliefs and personal knowledge that stands at the basis of his philosophical practice, is deeply rooted in the foundations of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). Therefore, what lays at the basis of Socrates’ view on death goes far beyond the ancient cultural framework. To fill in the phenomenal dimension with the one of organic layer, the analysis will also include an interpretation of Socrates’ behavior, from the dopamine mechanism approach. Keywords: death, Socrates, method, concept, analysis, beliefs. "

To the Question of The Cultural Markedness of The English Anthroponyms In Russian Translations

The current study was trying to study the semantics and structure of anthroponyms and the theoretical reflection of their cultural markedness in Russian translations. This paper presents an in-depth comparative analysis of the English and Russian anthroponyms and explores stylistic, grammatical, and lexical features of translating proper names. The study is illustrated with the examples from the novel of J.R.R. Tolkien Hobbit, or There and Back again. The scientific novelty of the present work considers the ways of expressing culture in a language through English anthroponyms in Russian translations. According to the idea of anthropocentricity of the language stated in the article, the cultural markedness of the English anthroponyms in Russian translations is reflected by a man's idea about the world and national culture. Anthroponyms turn out to be real signs with meanings and are capable of causing different associations. Creating images that denote persons by their activities uses the figurative and semantic specificity of the language to the limit.

The Development of Religious and Philosophical Anthropological Paradigm in Soviet Philosophy in 1985–1991: A Historical and Philosophical Analysis

The article considers the religious-philosophical anthropological paradigm in Soviet philosophy during the years of perestroika. It was during this period that Soviet idealist philosophers, forced to work under the conditions of a “scientific underground” for seven decades, first gained the right to participate legally in academic discussions. They substantiated the idea of man as a divine immortal being called to deification, restored, and approved in the official discourse the religious-philosophical anthropological model, either reinterpreting it according to the samples of Byzantine patristics, or synthesizing it with oriental beliefs. The article reconstructs and analyzes the basic provisions of this paradigm: ideas about the origin of man, the relationship of soul and body, free will, the meaning and purpose of life, the relationship between the individual and society. It is concluded that the development of late Soviet religious and philosophical anthropological thought was determined by the tendency to self-isolation, associated with the actual refusal of its supporters from a constructive dialogue with adherents of materialistic teachings, and, consequently, the refusal to develop a synthesized concept of man. Adherents of the religious-philosophical approach expressed the hope that Christian anthropology would be taken as the basis for all philosophical developments of the future. However, contrary to their plans, this paradigm did not acquire a dominant position in modern Russian philosophy, and remained an object of interest for historians of philosophy and not for experts in philosophical anthropology and social philosophy.

Introduction: The Interactive Relations Between Science and Technology and Literary Studies

Introduction: The Interactive Relations Between Science and Technology and Literary Studies

Art as world and body transformation in philosophical and artistic cosmism. Article 2

The paper continues the description of the aesthetic system of Russian cosmism through the prism of the theme of world and body transformation. The synthetic idea of art, the idea of unity of science and art, the concept of culture of the future, which is key for the philosophy of cosmism, are considered. Fedorov's thesis which is formulated as: “Our life is an act of aesthetic creativity”, as well as his idea of man's creation of himself as a matter of art are also taken into consideration. Finally, the article shows Christian roots of the idea of transfigured corporeality developed by N.F. Fedorov and the cosmists of the 1920s.