Idea Of Inequality Research Articles

Applications of Inequalities in the Complex Plane Associated with Confluent Hypergeometric Function

The idea of inequality has been extended from the real plane to the complex plane through the notion of subordination introduced by Professors Miller and Mocanu in two papers published in 1978 and 1981. With this notion came a whole new theory called the theory of differential subordination or admissible functions theory. Later, in 2003, a particular form of inequality in the complex plane was also defined by them as dual notion for subordination, the notion of differential superordination and with it, the theory of differential superordination appeared. In this paper, the theory of differential superordination is applied to confluent hypergeometric function. Hypergeometric functions are intensely studied nowadays, the interest on the applications of those functions in complex analysis being renewed by their use in the proof of Bieberbach’s conjecture given by de Branges in 1985. Using the theory of differential superodination, best subordinants of certain differential superordinations involving confluent (Kummer) hypergeometric function are stated in the theorems and relation with previously obtained results are highlighted in corollaries using particular functions and in a sandwich-type theorem. An example is also enclosed in order to show how the theoretical findings can be applied.

Gabrielle Oliveira, Motherhood across Borders: Immigrants and Their Children in Mexico and New York (2018)

Reviewed by: Motherhood across Borders: Immigrants and Their Children in Mexico and New York by Gabrielle Oliveira Jennifer Bartlett (bio) Gabrielle Oliveira, Motherhood across Borders: Immigrants and Their Children in Mexico and New York. New York University Press, 2018. Pp. 246. In Motherhood across Borders, Gabrielle Oliveira addresses the effects of maternal migration on children's educational experiences. The book details the shift in family dynamics between the mother, the caregivers, the children left behind, the children brought over to the US, and the children born in the United States. Oliveira refers to these groups as transnational care constellations. Oliveira argues that the shift in family dynamics and care structure influences the lives of children most especially with regard to their education. In order to understand how maternal migration affects children, Oliveira examines their care and the ways in which caregivers and mothers negotiate child-rearing practices. The two questions this book seeks to answer are how mothers with children who live in New York City [End Page 223] and in Mexico navigate the care, educational support, and investment in their children's education in both areas, and how the levels of maternal migration influence the educational and migration aspirations as well as the social opportunities of the children living in Mexico and their siblings brought to or born in the US. One of the main issues Oliviera discusses is the interaction between economic benefits and emotional toll based on legal status. Mothers are able to provide economically for their children via migration but the cost they pay is separation from each other. Additionally, separation of siblings presents differences in how they are treated and the opportunities afforded to them. For example, one child may be undocumented and therefore limited in resources while another, born in the US, will have all of the opportunities afforded by his status. This creates a distinction between siblings and how they are perceived. The documented child, with the opportunity to do more, may receive golden child status. This status provokes jealousy among the siblings. Chapter 1 examines the stress of gender roles and perceptions about what makes a good mother. These ideals limit the socially acceptable reasons that women may give for migrating, which in turn has an effect on the child who is left behind. The child is expected to be grateful for the separation that they are told benefits them while at the same time they suffer from it. Oliveira highlights the confusion that this creates and suggests that the mothers often have other reasons for migrating that they cannot state due to what constitutes a "good mother." In chapter 2, Oliveira takes a look at school-related decisions and the difference between educational trajectories in the US and in Mexico. Technology helps families bridge the communication gap across the borders and mothers are able to take a central role as decision makers in their children's education in Mexico. In fact, their role in the school system is stronger in Mexico than in New York because of the lack of a language barrier as well as other concerns. In New York City the migrant mothers do not feel respected; they are worried about their legal status and have concerns of racism against them from African Americans. Chapter 3 deals with the perspective of the children. Children make sense of their parents' migration and this shapes their view of their futures and what it is like on the other side. Children in the US, for example, perceive Mexico as less safe and more impoverished than the United States, even when they are poor and living in unsafe conditions in New York City. Children in Mexico are often taught to measure their upward mobility by their material possessions and compare the distribution of resources between themselves and their siblings in the North. Technology often feeds into their ideas of inequality whether or not any inequity exists. Chapter 4 highlights the different social opportunities of the children in these care constellations, which also create complications—for example, the children living in Mexico feel discouraged about what their degrees would be worth in the [End Page 224] US and may have, as a larger goal...

A Study on a New Different Version Materials and a Work about a Didactic Female-gasa <ByeolGyoSA>

이 논문은 최근에 나온 계녀가류 규방가사인 <별교사(別敎詞)>를 새로이 소개하고 그것의 담론 내용을 고찰한 것이다. <별교사>는 현재 선문대 구사회 교수가 소장하고 있다. 출처는 경북 안동에서 나온 것이다. <별교사>는 지금까지 논의된 적이 없는 가사이나 전혀 새로운 작품은 아니다. 왜냐하면 근래에 보고된 조춘호 소장본의 <벌교&#59773;>와 이본 관계에 있다고 여겨지기 때문이다. 구사회 소장본과 조춘호 소장본을 비교하면 둘 다 19세기 표기법으로 기록되어 있는데, 전자의 내용이 온전하고 표기가 정확한 편이다. 전자는 후자에 누락된 부분도 온전히 갖추고 있기 때문이다. 두 이본을 비교 검토해보면, 구사회 소장본의 <별교사>가 조춘호 소장본의 <벌교&#59773;>보다 원본이거나 원본에 가까운 善本으로 여겨진다. <별교사>는 1남2녀의 어머니가 17세 된 막내딸을 멀리 출가시키면서 몹시 그리워하는 내용을 담고 있는 가사 작품이다. 그리고 친정어머니로 여겨지는 화자가 스스로 아쉬움과 슬픔을 달래면서 딸에게 시댁에서 아녀자로서 지녀야 할 생활 규범을 담고 있다. 그런 점에서 <별교사>는 思女歌類 규방가사이자 誡女歌類 규방가사의 일종이라고 하겠다. <별교사>의 창작 시기는 작품 말미에 나오는 ‘병오’라는 언급에서 ‘1906년(광무10)’으로 보았다. 그것은 <별교사>의 막내 사위가 구한말의 ‘쥬&#59773;(主事)’라는 직책에 있었다는 것과 ‘인동읍’이라는 지명 유래에서 추정하였다. <별교사>는 대부분의 다른 가사처럼 ‘서사’ - ‘본사’ - ‘결사’로 구성되어 있고, 내용상으로 ‘기’ - ‘승’ - ‘전’ - ‘결’의 4단 구성을 취하고 있다. 다만, ‘서사’와 ‘본사’, 그리고 ‘본사’와 ‘결사’가 문장으로 명확하게 구분되지 않고 이어지고 있었다. 이 시기에 이르러 가사의 정제된 형식이 흐트러지고 있었다는 방증으로 여겨진다. <별교사>의 담론 내용은 대체로 계녀가류 규방가사의 범주를 벗어나지 않았다. 담론은 다음 세 가지로 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 남성 중심의 봉건 체제에서 겪는 여성들의 삶의 내면을 기술하고 있었다. 둘째, 봉건사회에서 아녀자들이 마땅히 지녀야 할 여성 규범을 다루었다. 셋째, 가문에 대한 자부심을 담고 있었다. 그런데 <별교사>는 이와 같은 세 가지 담론 중에서 둘째인 여성 규범이 상대적으로 약화되고 있었고, 여성으로서 겪는 화자의 내면이 부각되고 있었다. 다른 계녀가류 규방가사에 종종 진술되기도 하던 집안과 가문에 대한 내력을 자부심과 함께 구체적으로 진술하며 보다 강화시키고 있었다. <별교사>는 계녀가류 규방가사의 일종이다. 그리고 가사의 형식과 내용이 그것의 연장선상에 있었다고 여겨진다. 하지만 <별교사>는 그 이전의 계녀가류 규방가사에서 변화되고 있는 몇몇 모습도 포착된다. <별교사>는 이전의 가사에 비해 형식과 형태가 흐트러지고 있었다. 작품 내용도 이전의 계녀가류 규방가사처럼 여성규범이 약화되면서 여성들의 처지나 불평등과 같은 사회적 문제로 옮겨가고 있는 조짐을 감지할 수 있었다.This paper introduces a new ByeolGyoSA and examines the contents. The ByeolGyoSA is currently a part of Professor Koo SaWhaes collection at Sun Moon University and came from Andong, Gyeongbuk area. The ByeolGyoSa is a lyric piece that has not been discussed so far, but it is not a new work at all. Rather, the ByeolGyoSa is related to Cho Chungho’s recent collection. In comparison, the former collection is considered to be the original or closer to the original than the Chochunho collection. The ByeolGyoSa describes what the mother feels when her youngest daughter marries. The narrator, who is regarded as the mother of the mother, embraces the sadness and the norm that the daughter should have as a wife. The time of creation is estimated to be 1906. The content of the ByeolGyoSa can be summarized in three major ways. First, it deals with the problems of women’s lives in a malecentered feudal system. Second, it deals with women’s norms in feudal society. Third, it describes pride in the family. However, the ByeolGyoSa was relatively weak in the second of these three discourses, although the inside of the speaker experiencing this as a woman has been highlighted. Another female-gasa was strengthening her family history and her family history, which was often mentioned in the family history, by expressing her pride. The ByeolGyoSa was different previous female-gasa. It was disorganized in form and shape compared with the previous one. Further, its content had shifted to social problems such as women’s inequality and the idea of inequality being the norm among women weakened.

Türkiye’de Gelir Eşitsizliğine Yönelik Tutumlar

The purpose ofthis paperisto revealfactorsthat affect attitudestowardsincome inequality in Turkey by using World Values Surveys dataset over the period 1990-2011. Unlike previous studies on Turkey, this paper has employed ordered logistic regression with the wider period. Two separate estimations have been run using different explanatory variables. In the first estimation, findings have demonstrated that financial satisfaction of households, religion and political ideologyare crucial factors in the attitude creation process. In the second estimation, trust variables have been run with traditional control variables such as sex, age, education, and marital status. People who trust armed forces, police, European Union, and government support larger income differences almost in all years. Individuals who trust labour unions prefer more equality as expected. Findings reveal that ideologies and religious affiliations of voters are determinative in the development of policies to combat income inequality, among other factors mentioned. In this context, it can be said that there is a strong connection between the concepts of religion, ideology, and justice which is mentioned together with the idea of inequality.

THE IDEOLOGY OF MINORITY: A TRANSNATIONAL STUDY OF THE AMERICAN NEW LEFT IN 1960S

Student organizations have been acknowledged as vanguards and agents of social and political change in some parts of the world. In America, the dynamic student organizations cannot be set apart from American history. The upheaval of the 1960s signaled the advent of the New Left movement, comprising the Free Speech Movement (FSM) and Students for A Democratic Society (SDS). While, in the Indonesian experience, there was somewhat of a similarity of thought and spirit related with the role of student movements historically. Therefore, the study is intended to discover the emergence of the New Left in Europe and America, and expose the cultural hybridity-similarities and reasons of occurrence-of the American New Left and Indonesian student movement in the 1970s. This research is written under the American Studies discipline, specifically related to Transnational American Studies by employing cultural hybridity and border discourse. The finding shows that the ideology of the American New Left in the 1960s comprises of a means of globalizing the New Left in Europe and America, involving the universal ideas of inequality, communication, people migration, and social phenomena in the 1960s and the cultural hybridity of the ideology of the American New Left in the 1960s and the Indonesian student movement of the 1970s evidently showing that the New Left is a ‘third ideology’ by resisting two globalized ideologies during the 1960s, capitalism and communism. In addition, the locality or sustained values, which are democracy and social justice and the universal values shared of the American New Left, FSM and SDS, and the Indonesian student movement in the 1970s are anti-establishment and anti-capitalistic society.Keywords: New Left, ideology, cultural hybridity, border discourse, minority.

La familia y la construcción del posicionamiento laboral en las mujeres. Un análisis desde el Trabajo Social

Esta contribución es un análisis inicial de un estudio dirigido a conformar un referente teórico conceptual de la categoría posicionamiento laboral. Se parte de entender que el posicionamiento laboral es un hecho observable como resultado de un proceso reflexivo de los sujetos sociales, desde el constreñimiento de la estructura y la acción, como resultado de su propia agencia de estrategias que les han permitido ser visibles en un espacio como el mercado de trabajo. Se hace el planteamiento de que el proceso de motivación, intención y reflexión que hacen tres mujeres participantes en este estudio, desde sus circunstancias familiares, fueron plataforma para la construcción de su posicionamiento laboral. Cómo método el análisis discursivo constituye un acercamiento que, desde el Trabajo Social y el género, permite el entendimiento de las dinámicas familiares como experiencias que dinamizan acciones en los sujetos sociales y para este caso en las mujeres como agentes que logran transformar roles impuestos e idearios de desigualdad en la búsqueda de su realización y bienestar a partir del posicionamiento laboral.

Globalization and inequality

This review essay discusses works of a leading sociologist and a leading economist on the subject of inequality and globalization. The books raise fresh ideas of inequality in the context of globalization by raising questions on the relationship between globalization and inequality throughout history. Although Therborn raises some fundamental questions about inequality, problematizes the concept, and broadens the discussion by adding multiple dimensions to it, Bourguignon’s study deepens our understanding of the problem of inequality by presenting the paradox of its linkage with globalization, which in the last century reduced international inequality while it widened intranational inequality, and the two processes are interrelated. Bourguignon suggests that the growing intranational inequality that threatens economic, political, and social stability can be overcome by concerted efforts of the states. Therborn pins his hope in the rising middle class across the world and their solidarity, which could create a more egalitarian society.

A Bohr–Nikol'skii inequality

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we give a new inequality called Bohr–Nikol'skii inequality which combines the inequality of Bohr–Favard and the Nikol'skii idea of inequality for functions in different metrics.

The Nature And Solution Of Ethno-Political Conflicts. Bulgarian Experience

Abstract In the beginning of the 21st century, the international community tries to do its best in order to guarantee that our civilization, entering the new millennium, puts an end to any form of domination of one peoples over another, to the reasons for such domination, and to the whole idea of inequality. Ethno-political conflict appears to be a permanent form of social and political struggle in the modern world. No major region is free from it. In its more acute manifestation, it may turn into murderous, destructive violence. Bulgarian ethnic model is a concrete historical concept. This is a specific way to find a way out of the impasse of Interethnic relations in which the “revival process” was plunged the country. Bulgarian ethnic model is a transformation of the ethnic contradictions and conflicts in the political process, which neutralize them and makes it possible to restore good neighborly relations in the everyday life of Christians and Muslims before the start of the conflict situation.

Elusive equalities and the Great Recession: restoration, retrenchment and redistribution

AbstractThe 2008 global financial meltdown, commonly called the ‘Great Recession’, was the most serious crisis in capitalism since the Great Depression of the 1930s, and a fundamental repudiation of neoliberal governing assumptions. This paper focuses on the contexts that informed two governmental responses to this economic crisis — restoration and retrenchment through public austerity. It explains that these responses were contingent, experimental, inequitable and, in the end, unsuccessful. Restoration and retrenchment, however, were entirely consistent with previous neoliberal crisis-responses and the abiding ambitions of this governing project. As the economic crisis crawled into the second half of a decade, the idea of inequality was increasingly identified as an underlying cause of crisis and its amelioration as a necessary part of rebuilding economies and communities in a post-crisis era. The paper tracks the case for the revival of equality politics and policies in the early twenty-first century.

Européanisme, nationalisme, libéralisme dans les éditoriaux de Louis Pauwels (Figaro-Magazine, 1977-1984)

EUROPEANISM, NATIONALISM AND LIBERALISM IN THE LEADING ARTICLES OF LOUIS PAUWELS IN THE FIGARO MAGAZINE (1977-84) Since 1968, the Figaro Magazine, played a major role in the strategy of the New Right to reconquer French mentalities. From 1977 to 1980, we can distinguish a first neo-paganist ideological period during which Louis Pauwels develops some racist arguments founded on the notions of identity and difference. At the same time he defends his thesis in favour of an organicist hierarchical society. His aristocratical contempt for the masses and his anti-judeochristian convictions lead him to consider the americano-Russian levelling model as carrying out the universalist philosophers. The victory of the left wing in 1981, reveals in Louis Pauwels discourse a change of perspective expressed in the giving up of his pro-germanist positions for the benefit of an activist pro-American attitude. Louis Pauwels is in favour of Reagan and a fervent admirer of Mrs. Thatcher. He develops the same ideas of inequality, but this time, on the basis of social selection in the style of Darwin, focused on the struggle between individuals.

The Basis of Modern Mathematical Analysis

INEQUALITIES, as opposed to equalities, may be said to form the basis of modern mathematical analysis. The arithmetical definition of a limit is itself based upon the idea of inequality, and in the hands of the school founded by Weierstrass and hia successors has removed from analysis the vagueness and mystery which were due to appeal to an indefinitely qualitative idea of continuity. A book on inequalities by three leading mathematical analysts is therefore an event in the realm of mathematical literature, the more so since no book on this subject has been published before. Inequalities By G. H. Hardy J. E. Littlewood G. Polya. Pp. xii + 314. (Cambridge: At the University Press, 1934.) 16s. net.