Moral Ideas Research Articles

Understanding the Role of Ethical Leadership and Workplace Conflicts a Mediation Moderation Model: A Time-Lagged Study

Drawing on Social Learning Theory and Conservation of Resource Concept this research mediation moderation model was supported by a study which is conducted from multiple sources and a study conducted in three-waves in Pakistan. Workplace Conflicts and Ethical Leadership ideas are developed and brought together by these results. This exploration inspected the character of Ethical leadership happening in workplace conflict circumstances. Explicitly, ethical leadership remained prophesied on the way to construct members’ resolution efficacy and consequently upsurge members’ capability to agreement through conflict state of affairs (i.e., relationship and task conflicts) concerning in the workplace political scenarios. We gathered information from a variety of sources, including employees and their direct managers in several Pakistani organizations. The current study employed the survey approach. This study shows a negative relationship between ethical leadership and relationship conflict and task conflicts. Moreover, this study also shows, resolution efficacy plays a role as a mediator between Ethical Leadership and relationship conflict as well as task conflicts. Furthermore, shows that Perception of Politics plays a role as a moderator in the relationship between Resolution Efficacy and Relationship Conflicts as well as task conflicts. Ethical leadership activities possibly will improve employee conflict resolution efficacy, implying that concluded the solicitation of ethical leadership social learning philosophies, leaders may be critical in creating a work environment that morally encourages and fosters employees' conflict resolution efficacy.

The Technical Semantic Structure of the Will of al-Alama al-Hilly to his son Fakhrul Muhaqiqin Stylistic Study

The will generally takes the direction of guidance and instruction, and is based on life experiences in which the author concludes his judgments on life matters. However, though the will of the al-Alama al-Hilly to his son Fakhrul Muhaqiqin is full of preaching and evidence and is rich in the methods of argument and persuasion, but we try to study it stylistically. The will has different stylistic traits on which the author (devisor) relies in order to influence the devisee. In this sense, we monitor the stylistic features of the text through the phonetic, semantic and syntactic levels and joining all that to the intellectual innovation of the al-Alama al-Hilly. The study deals with the morphological forms and their semantic effect, the phonetic rhythm in the text, the structure and its semantic effect (deletion, objection, contradiction...) to conclude that in addition to the religious and moral ideas in the text of the will. It carries the stylistic features that enrich its rhetoric status and affect the recipient due to its aesthetic effect that establishes its guiding and instructional content.

A Virtue-Based Model of Christian Presence: A Trialogue of the Texts of the Epistle to Diognetus, James Davison Hunter and Eka Darmaputera as a New Imagination of the Three-Duties of the Church

This article is an intertextual reading of three models of Christian presence from three texts, namely The Epistle to Diognetus, an extra-canonical text of the second century; the text To Change the World by James Davison Hunter, an American sociologist; and the views of Eka Darmaputera, an Indonesian theologian. The findings of the three texts are analyzed using Alasdair MacIntyre’s concept of virtue, which rejuvenates Aristotle’s idea of virtue ethics. Through intertextual analysis of these three texts, the findings related to Christian presence are used to construct a model of virtue-based Christian presence. This virtue-based model of Christian presence is used as the basis for building an image of the three-duties model of the church, namely koinonia, diakonia, and marturia. This effort aims to answer the struggle of balancing the model of church presence between internal and external factors.

Social workers’ navigation between repression and social support for men purchasing sex

ABSTRACT Considering an increasingly repressive focus on sex buyers in recent years, the focus of this study is to explore social work in Sweden targeting individuals who purchase sex. The aim of this study is to explore social workers’ understanding of the purchase of sex as a social problem. More specifically, the study focuses on social workers’ approaches to the purchase of sex in relation to values, professional practices, and political goals, and how they navigate these aspects in their encounters with individuals who purchase sex. Based on interviews with 10 social workers who meet such individuals, an inductive thematic analysis has been employed. The participants navigated between focusing on the individual sex purchaser and his situation, and having moral opinions on the issue, with some being positive to force change through repressive measures. The participants tried to navigate social work’s role in relation to social policy and political ambitions regarding the purchase of sex in Sweden, and did this by navigating between doing moral work, being diplomats or specialists. They did moral work both as individuals and as working groups, which was influenced by moral values, professional ideals, and ideas about social work’s role in relation to the judiciary system.

СЕНСИТИВНІСТЬ В АСПЕКТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЦІННІСНОГО СТАВЛЕННЯ ДО МОРАЛЬНО-ПРАВОВИХ НОРМ У ДІТЕЙ

Legal education of children at the stages of preschool and primary school age, when the foundation of citizenship, morality, legal education is laid, the effectiveness of which depends on the effectiveness of the process of becoming a responsible citizen of the country. The article deals with the prospects of forming a value attitude to moral and legal norms in children based on a survey of their parents and teachers. It is noted that receiving information from an adult about human rights, the child begins to relate them to moral values. Gradually, the moral and legal ideas that are formed in the child, form a personal system of legal ideals and beliefs, on the basis of which she will later be able to assess legal information, forming its own sensitivity to the assimilation of legal norms. In particular, the child first learns the moral norms on the basis of which he is able to evaluate actions for morality or immorality ("what is good and what is bad", "what can be done and what should be avoided"). In this way, the child in his behavior is adjusted to actions in accordance with the norms of morality. Gradually, it becomes available to understand the child that people are punished for certain antisocial, illegal acts (sometimes children are afraid that they will be taken to the police), according to state laws, awareness of the existence and functioning of institutions with punitive powers. In the future, adults should form children's ideas about human offenses in terms of their legal behavior or vice versa - immorality and inadmissibility of certain actions and deeds, as well as acts contrary to the principles of law already known to children and violate the rights of others. The result of this process is the child's awareness of the injustice of the offense and the differentiation of its legal and moral ideas, which allows you to assess the behavior of yourself and others from the standpoint of justice-injustice with the legitimacy of priority and significance. In this approach, the moral assessment of fair behavior is perceived by the child as secondary.

The influence of the socio-political identification of modern youth on notions of moral values and norms

Representatives of the younger generation today offer their own assessments of the actions of political actors based on moral values and norms. However, with a more detailed analysis of such assessments, one can notice the blurring of the criteria by which any political decision or action is evaluated. In connection with this, the question arises about the specifics of understanding by the young generations of those moral values and norms that serve as a justification for the proposed assessments. The empirical basis of the study is the results of the project “Moral and political in the minds of Russian youth: value orientations, ethical ideas and political attitudes”, implemented in 2020–2021. The proposed article touches upon the issue of the influence of the socio-political identity of the representatives of the younger generation on their moral assessments of political phenomena and processes. The results of the study show the special attention of young respondents to the values of justice, freedom, human rights, and self-realization.

Care Ethics and the Feminist Personalism of Edith Stein

The personalist ethics of Edith Stein and her feminist thought are intrinsically interrelated. This unique connection constitutes perhaps the main novelty of Stein’s ethical thought that makes her a forerunner of some recent developments in feminist ethics, particularly ethics of care. A few scholars have noticed the resemblance between Stein’s feminist personalism and care ethics, yet none of them have properly explored it. This paper offers an in-depth discussion of the overlaps and differences between Stein’s ethical insights and the core ideas of care ethics. It argues that both Stein and care ethicists relocate a certain set of practices, values and attitudes from the periphery to the center of ethical reflection. This includes relationality, emotionality and care. The paper finally argues that it is plausible and fruitful to read Stein’s advocacy of ‘woman’s values and attitudes’ in a critical feminist way, rather than as an instance of essentialist difference feminism.

Introduction

This introduction to the special section charts the ways in which the concept of vigilance has been loosely conceptualized at the intersection between security, surveillance, and border studies. It rethinks vigilance through the conceptual lens of vigilance regimes, as well as through the productivity of watchfulness in different contexts. Vigilance is conceptualized as an assemblage of moral ideas, belonging, increased attention, and social practice, located in certain sociopolitical contexts, concrete spaces, and technologies. Regimes of vigilance are defined as complex assemblages of practices and discourses that mobilize alertness for specific goals, which are embedded in particular materialities of watchfulness, and which in turn have effects on social practice and processes of subjectivation. This introduction calls for greater analytic attention toward the agency that vigilance produces, and seeks to define vigilance and the regimes that it constitutes, offering a productive lens for the study of socially mobilized alertness.

The Development of Trolling in Modern Media Space and Social Networks

This article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of trolling in the network, which is gaining more and more popularity among users. Based on the study of different stages of the manifestation of trolling, the author proposed to classify them according to psychological, social and political characteristics. The main purpose of the study is to determine the perception of provocative and aggressive behavior by network users, how closely they are familiar with the terms “troll” and “trolling”, and also to warn them from interacting with potential trolls on the network when consuming content. Research methods were based on deduction techniques, comparative analysis, retrospection. Moni- toring of foreign sites and scientific materials was used, including popular among young people social networks, namely Instagram and Tiktok. А historical analysis of the emergence and development of in- formation wars was carried out. The aim of the sociological survey was to identify understanding among network users: “What is trolling and why is it dangerous?”. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the author for the first time identified and pre- sented the absolute difference between trolling in certain countries like Russia and the United States, and trolling in the expanses of the kaznet. The results of the study showed that in the modern realities of the existence of trolling is an integral part of ethical ideas in the media space. The development of trolling in social networks has a destructive effect on the interpersonal relationships of users, gaining access to competent, expert opinions and dis- seminating unverified and false information. Key words: Internet, trolling, social networks, trends, kaznet, cyberbullying.

Islam and Veterinary Science: Rethinking Animal Suffering Through Islamic Animal Ethics and the Evolving Definition of Halal Slaughter

In the midst of recent European activism against religious slaughter, the idea that religious slaughter is cruel to animals is often seen as commonsense, and the mandatory pre-slaughter stunning is often portrayed as the moral technology that assures animal welfare. Nevertheless, this portrayal seems to blur the fact that the current notion of animal welfare itself is built upon a changing selection of value assumptions, which are not without problems or academic debates. It also ignores the fact that contemporary veterinary scientists and Muslim scholars have been working together for four decades to learn more about farm animals and their suffering. Despite stereotypes, the idea of animal ethics is not foreign to Islam. In Islam, animals represent God's wisdom and wonder, and humans are obliged to attend to their health and living conditions. When killing animals for food is conducted, the slaughter must be done in the name of God as a sacred ritual in order to assure that the life of the animal is not taken lightly and that the slaughter is not a sign of hostility toward the universe. Before the act of sacrifice, the animal must be healthy, and no harm should be forced upon it. Accordingly, the requirement of pre-slaughter stunning has posed a question to Muslim scholars: Does stunning kill the animal or cause harm? What defines harm, and whose definition counts? This paper reconstructs a socio-technological history of halal slaughter through scientific research on animal suffering since the 1980s. On the basis of archival research of New Zealand veterinary scientists' works and in-depth interviews with Malaysian veterinary scientists, this article outlines three phases of the evolution of halal slaughter that aims to fulfill multiple sets of moral obligations toward farm animals, and demonstrates how veterinary scientists establish common ground between secular and Islamic animal ethics. In this vein, I am envisioning a possibility of veterinary anthropology that recognizes the field's trans-cultural characteristics, and continues to challenge the rigid binaries between the West and the Rest, and between science and culture.

Who cares about learning design? Near future superheroes and villains of an educational ethics of care

ABSTRACT This article undertakes a critical appraisal of learning design and its relation to ethical ideas of care. We give an account of three personae of near future learning designers, developed using speculative methods, seeded with real-world data comprising job advertisements and validated with learning designers. The personae illustrate conflicts about the role of learning designers within the teaching and research missions of the academy and issues of care or lack thereof for these workers. The disembodied skills of learning designer job advertisements are contrasted with the bodies of (more than) real people that can suffer and care. We finish by contributing elements of a speculative job advertisement for a learning designer, who will help shape educational spaces of the near future by entangled care and unencumbered attentiveness.

A fruitless exercise? The political struggle to compel corporations to justify factory closures in Canada

ABSTRACT This paper examines the political history of the failed struggle to require companies to justify their plant closing decisions in Canada’s industrial heartland of Ontario. Demands for the public review of plant closing decisions began, locally, in the auto town of Windsor in the 1950s and 1960s and reached Toronto with the closure of Dunlop Tire in 1970. Another wave of closures struck in 1980, this time reaching deep into rural and small-town Ontario as well as larger industrial towns and cities, generalizing concern. The resulting Select Committee on Plant Shutdowns and Employee Adjustment, created by the Ontario legislature, took it upon itself to conduct the kind of public review of recent closures that was long demanded. Due to the strength of the political opposition to any interference with management rights, it was essential that proponents could point to precedents in Western Europe. Trade unionists also grounded their argument in favour of government regulation in the moral economy idea that long-service workers accrued a proprietary right to their jobs.

Why Non-Clinicians Should Not Be Doing Clinical Ethics

Why Non-Clinicians Should Not Be Doing Clinical Ethics

The Moral and Religious Conflict in N. M. Karamzin's <I>Poor Lisa</I>

M. Karamzin’s Poor Lisa is a precedent in Russian literature: it both celebrated and brought down the principles of Sentimentalism. However, many aspects of this canonical text still remain understudied. The present research featured the moral and religious issues in N. M. Karamzin’s Poor Lisa. It also involved some fragments from N. M. Karamzin’s The History of the Russian State; Natalya, the Boyar’s Daughter, and Filalet to Melodor. The methods included the historical and literary approach, as well as comparative and typological analyses. As for N. M. Karamzin’s religious views, the authors agree with those literary critics and historians who relied on N. M. Karamzin’s biography and statements and declared him an orthodox Christian. The research concentrated on various moral and religious components of the story. Lisa’s worldview was shaped by that of her parents, who built their family relations based on the Old Russian Household Book. Lisa’s traditional Orthodox background explains many of her decisions, which critics tend to interpret through the prism of Sentimentalism. Spatial images of the novel seem to correlate with ceremonial tradition: they show how Lisa’s Christian worldview was gradually overtaken by the pagan belief system. The central motif of Lisa’s purity and innocence correlates with those of oblivion, delusion, the death of soul, punishment, built, sin, etc. As a result, the novel can be treated as a dialogue of two world outlook systems: Sentimental ethics vs. religious and moral ideas. The reader sees Lisa from the point of view of a compassionate narrator with a Sentimental worldview. However, a more complex problem of religious ethics appears as a moral background.

The Symbol of Perfection in Bedil's Creation

Mirza Abdulkadir Bedil (1644-1720) is a poet, writer, philosopher and thinker, very popular among the people of Central Asia who laid the foundation for the development of literary-philosophical ideas, and as a result of relying on the achievements of the past, Bedil strengthened his philosophical thought. Bedil's rise to human status is due to his belief in the teachings of mysticism. The status of the perfect man in the way of understanding the absolute truth occupies a very high place in his creation. Even today, Bedil's work remains a guide for young people and fans of literature, science and wisdom in the study of the history of spiritual thinking, especially mystical, moral and aesthetic ideas.

The Notion of Identity in the Philosophy of John Locke: Through the Influences of Religion Ideas

John Locke is one of the key figures in the history of early modern philosophy. He had a great influence on the development of philosophy, which is based on the empirical method, and on the political systems of countries. And even though his works have not been deprived of attention, some questions of his philosophy remain insufficiently disclosed. The author's deals with the religious turn in studies of John Loke. Attention is paid to the role of religion in the philosophy of the thinker. The issue of religious influences on the issue of identity is being discussed. The essence of the term “modern” is highlighted and the criteria according to which John Locke's ideas should be considered modern are indicated. The author notes that some researchers considered John Locke one of the founders of modern philosophy, while others believed that the role of the English philosopher in the development of modern philosophy was overestimated. A characteristic feature of modern philosophy is the emphasis on research and exploration. The author names the identity of John Locke a subjective identity. The main attributes of identity are: reflection, consciousness and memory. Self-reflection and meaningful self-perception allows each person to choose their own way of worshiping God. Consciousness allows a person to evaluate his actions, forms an idea of morality, the concept of sin and so on. The article deals with different meanings of the concept of identity in the religious and secular aspects. The difference - is in memory. Personal responsibility is an integral part of identity. The author of the article notes that we should make a difference between responsibility in religious and political field. Religious responsibility requires observance not only of legal law, but also of moral rules and biblical commandments.

Reception of F.M. Dostoevsky’s Works in Tatar Literature and Literary Criticism

The article examines the appeal of Tatar writers to the work of F.M. Dostoevsky, the dialogue with the writer in their works. It also analyzes the translation of the novel Crime and Punishment into the Tatar language. The study of dialogical relations of Tatar writers with the work of F.M. Dostoevsky by modern Kazan literary critics helps to identify the complex and multidimensional history of interaction of Tatar writers of the twentieth century with Russian classics. Having studied the scientific works of V.R. Amineva, L.K. Bayramova, D.R. Moskaleva, K.S. Minnibaev, E.G. Nigmatullina, Yu.G. Nigmatullina, M.M. Khabutdinova, Z.Z. Shagiakhmetov, as well as the translation of the novel Crime and Punishment by R. Dautov, it was concluded that in the works of G. Iskhaki, F. Amirkhan, G. Ibragimov, A. Gilyazov, an appeal to the artistic and philosophical heritage of F.M. Dostoevsky was manifested in the creative and original understanding of the moral and philosophical ideas and deep psychologism of the Russian classic, the desire to reveal the phenomena of modern Tatar reality more fully through the prism of his ideas.

The Religious Factor in the Electoral Behavior of the Voter on the Example of Municipal Elections in Moscow in 2022

The subject of the study of the influence of the religious factor in the electoral behavior of Muscovites. The purpose of the study is to assess the motivation of political choice and the participation of the electorate in the 2022 election campaign in Moscow from the point of view of the religious factor. We have considered aspects of electoral behavior, the significance of the religious factor, and conducted a characteristic of municipal self-government elections in the city of Moscow. The main analytical base of the article was collected as a result of a sociological survey conducted in August 2022, the data of which were obtained through a remote survey via the VKontakte social network, as well as through personal surveys of respondents. The voter's personal religious beliefs, which formed his attitude to the candidate, as well as the declared religiosity of the candidate himself, affecting his image, were established as a source of forming attitudes towards the candidate. Our research allowed us to form an opinion on the impact of the religious factor on the political sympathies of the electorate. Often, the political choice depends on the ethical and moral ideas formed by religion, with the help of which the program and the candidate's image are evaluated. At the same time, the electoral behavior of the voter is not dependent on his religiosity. We hope to continue our research to further understand the value of a religious resource in creating motivation for political participation among the electorate.

Virtual Socio-Cultural Worlds on Open Internet Platforms

The possibility of direct communication between a huge number of non-public people on the open Internet platform, coupled with the ability to observe this process, which is being implemented by even more people, is the catalyst for the emergence of virtual socio-cultural worlds – conditional groups that are united by a single meaning and value field. Motive-target analysis of comments and feedback on comments on the open Internet platform “Zen” showed that one of the key semantic messages, which encourages a huge number of our compatriots to respond on the Internet and thus the manifestation of the most significant, essential points of their worldview, is the leitmotif of the importance of moral values and the requirements of their conformity at all levels of social and personal life. The mass participation of our compatriots in communication interactions on open Internet platforms is a variant of civic participation in its new, modern form, in which optimal conditions for self-determination, social adaptation and socialization arise. The key to the social significance of the meanings “living” here are the key supports for a person and society associated with traditional moral values, ideas and traditions. Control by state regulatory structures over the criteria for assessing blogs that analyze socio-political events and problems seems appropriate and socially significant. The reasons for their closure (“banning”) should be understandable, reasonable and transparent for all participants in communication interactions.

Moral Qualities in the Teachings of Al-Ghazali

This article presents the ethical ideas of Al-Ghazali. The work deals with the nature and peculiarities of human morality. This work is intended for a wide range of readers.