ID50 Values Research Articles

A Radiological Clip Design Using Ultrasound Identification to Improve Localization.

We demonstrate the use of ultrasound to receive an acoustic signal transmitted from a radiological clip designed from a custom circuit. This signal encodes an identification number and is localized and identified wirelessly by the ultrasound imaging system. We designed and constructed the test platform with a Teensy 4.0 microcontroller core to detect ultrasonic imaging pulses received by a transducer embedded in a phantom, which acted as the radiological clip. Ultrasound identification (USID) signals were generated and transmitted as a result. The phantom and clip were imaged using an ultrasonic array (Philips L7-4) connected to a Verasonics™ Vantage 128 system operating in pulse inversion (PI) mode. Cross-correlations were performed to localize and identify the code sequences in the PI images. USID signals were detected and visualized on B-mode images of the phantoms with up to sub-millimeter localization accuracy. The average detection rate across 30,400 frames of ultrasound data was 98.1%. The USID clip produced identifiable, distinguishable, and localizable signals when imaged. Radiological clips are used to mark breast cancer being treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) via implant in or near treated lesions. As NAC progresses, available marking clips can lose visibility in ultrasound, the imaging modality of choice for monitoring NAC-treated lesions. By transmitting an active signal, more accurate and reliable ultrasound localization of these clips could be achieved and multiple clips with different ID values could be imaged in the same field of view.

Balling behavior and diamond graphitization of metal-matrix diamond composites by selective laser melting: A quantitative investigation

Selective laser melting (SLM) is an effective and potential technology to prepare metal-matrix diamond composites (MDC). In this study, balling phenomenon and graphitization of diamond of CuSn10-diamond composites by SLM were investigated. By univariate analysis of laser power and scanning speed on the morphology of single track, the balling phenomenon is directly affected by the flowability and wettability of the molten pool. By introducing the concept of laser energy density, balling and diamond graphitization are quantitatively evaluated by the standard deviation σ of surface balling height and IG: ID value, respectively. Balling degree increases with laser energy density, but diamond-graphitization turns out to be the opposite. The CuSn10-diamond composites with low balling and no diamond-graphitization can be obtained at moderate laser energy density of 0.17 J/mm. In terms of performances, bending strength is mainly affected the defects caused by balling, and wear properties is determined by the graphitization of diamond abrasives. Graphitization of diamond results in the transformation of wear mechanism from abrasive to adhesive wear. The optimal properties of 185.36 MPa in bending strength, 0.41 in coefficient of friction and minimum wear loss is obtained in the composite sample prepared at 0.17 J/mm.

Graphene heterostructure fiber with enhanced physicochemical properties for flexible solid-state supercapacitors

The graphene/pseudocapacitive composite electrode materials used for energy storage usually benefit from the advantages of each component, however, they also face significant challenges in terms of structural integrity and rate performance due to the weak interactions and limited interface area between different phases. To tackle these issues, we propose a facile strategy that integrates 2D/2D van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds to effectively and closely bind each component together. We illustrate this concept by designing and constructing a heterojunction fiber that immobilizes protonated g-C3N4 onto GO nanosheets through electrostatic self-assembly. The resulting g-C3N4/RGO heterostructure fiber exhibits enhanced electrical conductivity and improved mechanical properties. When utilized as a supercapacitor electrode, it demonstrates high specific capacitances of 70.6 F cm−3 at a current density (Id) value of 0.1 A cm−3, in addition to exceptional cyclic stability (Retaining 99.4 % after 15000 cycles), rate capability (Retaining 55.8 % at Id = 2 A cm−3), and enduring mechanical flexibility. We anticipate that this study will inspire the fabrication of heterostructure fibers for durable and high-rate energy storage devices.

Red berry snail Sphaerassiminea miniata (Gastropoda: Mollusca) and its potential as a bioindicator of environmental health in mangrove ecosystem of Pomalaa, Kolaka District, Indonesia

Abstract. Purnama MF, Prayitno SB, Muskananfola MR, Suryanti. 2024. Red berry snail Sphaerassiminea miniata (Gastropoda: Mollusca) and its potential as a bioindicator of environmental health in mangrove ecosystem of Pomalaa, Kolaka District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2330-2339. Sphaerassiminea miniata Habe 1942 has a high sensitivity to environmental changes in mangrove forest areas. Its existence can be confirmed when the overall condition of the mangrove ecosystem is in good condition. The aim of this research is to analyze the density and distribution of the S. miniata gastropod population in relation to the density status of mangroves in the reference site area and overburden exposure areas. This research adopted a purposive sampling method for determining research stations, a simple random sampling technique for placing stations or distributing sampling points (sub-stations), and a hand-picking method for technical sampling of S. miniata in the field. The results showed that the mangrove density at each station was very dense (3,700-6,000 trees/ha), the population density of S. miniata ranged from 8.67-38.33 ind./m2, and the distribution pattern of S. miniata at each station was clumped with a Morishita index (Id) value range of 1.28-1.34. Sphaerassiminea miniata was found at all stations in the reference site area (Totobo mangrove ecosystem). No individual was found in the area with overburden exposure (Dawi-Dawi mangrove ecosystem). Changes in the environmental tone in the Dawi-Dawi mangrove ecosystem, especially the substrate area through the input of sediment waste (overburden), which has been going on for a long time and continuously (until now), directly degrades the living space of the S. miniata population on the ground floor (benthos) of the waters. The vulnerability of this species to environmental changes makes it a limiting factor in the quality of habitat health in mangrove ecosystems (Bioindicators).

Hydrothermally synthesized fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots for catalytic efficiency and anti-counterfeiting application

Here, Tylophora indica plant extract was utilized to create nitrogen-doped carbon dots by hydrothermal method. The synthesized NDCDs was employed to anti-counterfeiting and enhancing the catalytic activity of Malachite Green dye. The ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and FT-IR measurements was used to analyze the optical properties and the development of NDCDs as well as the source of Tylophora indica. Using HR-TEM, XRD, and XPS, the structure and elemental contents of the produced NDCDs was investigated. The HRTEM images showed that the NDCDs had a d-spacing of 0.37 nm and an average particle size of 4.3 ± 1 nm. After being subjected to UV light at 365 nm, the produced NDCDs began to glow blue, with a quantum yield (QY) of 16.1 %. The ID and IG ratio values for NDCDs were found to be 0.86. With rate constant values calculated at 0.1830 min−1, respectively, the synthesized NDCDs were found to be a viable catalyst for the Malachite Green (MG) dye reduction process utilizing freshly prepared NaBH4. In addition, the NDCDs solution is used as fluorescent ink. The printed patterns retain their anti-counterfeiting properties even after being heated and stored in an environment for an extended period, indicating the NDCDs stability for prospective anti-counterfeiting applications.

A Comparative Study of the Antiemetic Effects of α2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine against Diverse Emetogens in the Least Shrew (Cryptotis parva) Model of Emesis.

In contrast to cats and dogs, here we report that the α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine is emetic and corresponding agonists clonidine and dexmedetomidine behave as antiemetics in the least shrew model of vomiting. Yohimbine (0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 mg/kg, i.p.) caused vomiting in shrews in a bell-shaped and dose-dependent manner, with a maximum frequency (0.85 ± 0.22) at 1 mg/kg, which was accompanied by a key central contribution as indicated by increased expression of c-fos, serotonin and substance P release in the shrew brainstem emetic nuclei. Our comparative study in shrews demonstrates that clonidine (0, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) and dexmedetomidine (0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) not only suppress yohimbine (1 mg/kg, i.p.)-evoked vomiting in a dose-dependent manner, but also display broad-spectrum antiemetic effects against diverse well-known emetogens, including 2-Methyl-5-HT, GR73632, McN-A-343, quinpirole, FPL64176, SR141716A, thapsigargin, rolipram, and ZD7288. The antiemetic inhibitory ID50 values of dexmedetomidine against the evoked emetogens are much lower than those of clonidine. At its antiemetic doses, clonidine decreased shrews' locomotor activity parameters (distance moved and rearing), whereas dexmedetomidine did not do so. The results suggest that dexmedetomidine represents a better candidate for antiemetic potential with advantages over clonidine.

Abstract 5611: Unraveling the role of F-actin in resistant GBM: Insights into DNA repair, GSC phenotype, and therapeutic implications

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly aggressive brain cancer, poses a formidable challenge marked by its resistance to conventional therapies. F-actin, a crucial cytoskeletal protein, influences DNA repair and impacts genomic stability. F-actin dynamics also shape the glioma stem cell (GSC) phenotype, affecting self-renewal and migration. Altered F-actin organization contributes to GBM resistance to conventional therapies. Understanding F-actin's multifaceted role is vital for developing targeted strategies to overcome treatment resistance and enhance outcomes for GBM patients. This study goes deeper into the intricate interplay between the F-actin cytoskeleton and the acquisition of resistance in GBM cells. Our primary goal was to explore the effects of pharmacological or genetic F-actin depolymerization on the reversal of acquired resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) and temozolomide (TMZ) in GBM cells, particularly focusing on the underlying mechanisms involving DNA repair, the glioma stem cell (GSC) phenotype, and therapeutic implications. To establish resistant sublines, GBM U87-MG cells underwent cycles of IR and TMZ exposure, revealing a significant increase in IC50 values for TMZ and ID50 values for IR through viability assays. Subsequent characterization of these sublines growth was in both adherent and spheroid cultures uncovering a distinct sphere-forming capacity. Notably, alterations in DNA repair and the Rho GTPase pathway were observed, with evident disorganized F-actin polymerization in resistant cells, especially at the periphery of spheroids. Elevated expression of stemness markers (Nestin, CD133, and CD44) highlighted a GSC-like profile in the resistant cells, a characteristic further accentuated in spheroid cultures. To assess the relevance of the actin cytoskeleton in maintaining the resistant phenotype, cells were treated with Rho-GTPase inhibitor (C3) or actin polymerization inhibitor (Cytochalasin D). Both treatments resulted in reduced TMZ IC50 and IR ID50 values, partially attributed to the negative modulation of DNA repair capacity - observed by alkaline comet and host-cell reactivation assays. Additionally, F-actin disassembly was found to impact the expression of stemness markers, further reinforcing the connection between cytoskeletal dynamics and the GSC phenotype. Overall, our data strongly suggest that F-actin cytoskeleton dynamics plays a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of resistance in GBM. Targeting these cytoskeletal components sees a promising pharmacological strategy for resensitizing recurrent and resistant GBM tumors, not only by diminishing DNA repair capabilities but also by influencing the GSC-like phenotype, thus opening new avenues for therapeutic interventions. Citation Format: Yuli Thamires Magalhães, Fábio Luís Forti. Unraveling the role of F-actin in resistant GBM: Insights into DNA repair, GSC phenotype, and therapeutic implications [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5611.

Post-treatment with maropitant reduces oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and neuroinflammation on peripheral nerve injury in rats.

To determine the effective dose and therapeutic potential of maropitant using through expression of mediators of oxidative stress, inflammatory and of the unfolded protein response (UPR) (bio) markers on spinal cord using a model of neuropathic pain induced through chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats. Randomized, blinded, prospective experimental study. 98 male Wistar rats. Rats were anesthetized with sevoflurane and after CCI, they were randomly assigned to the following groups that received: vehicle, 3, 6, 15, 30 e 50 mg/kg/24q of maropitant. The effect on inflammatory mediators (IL10, TNFα), oxidative stress (GPx, CAT, SOD), microglial (IBA-1) and neuronal (NeuN, TACR1) markers was evaluated though immunohistochemistry and expression levels of markers of hypoxia (HIF1α, Nrf2), antioxidant enzymes (Catalse, Sod1 and GPx1), and endoplasmic reticulum stress mediators (GRP78, CHOP and PERK) through qRT-PCR. Intraperitoneal injection (IP) of maropitant inhibited nociception with ID50 values of 4,1 mg/kg (5,85-19,36) in a neuropathic pain model through CCI. A dose of 30 mg/kg/24q was significantly effective in reducing mechanical allodynia 1 to 4h after treatment with nociception inhibition (145,83%). A reduction in the expression of hypoxia factors (HIF1α, Nrf2) was observed, along with an increase in antioxidant activity (CAT, SOD and GPX). Additionally, there was a reduction in inflammatory markes (IL10, TNFα), microglial (IBA-1), and neuronal markers (NeuN, TACR1). These findings demonstrate that the determined dose, administered daily for seven days, had an antinociceptive effect, as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Antinociceptive iridoid glycosides from the aerial parts of Paederia foetida

Two previously undescribed iridoid glycosides, 6'-O-trans-feruloyl-(4S,6R)-3,4-dihydro-3β-ethoxypaederoside (1) and 6'-O-trans-caffeoyl-(4S,6R)-3,4-dihydro-2'-O-3α-paederoside (2), were isolated from the 90% EtOH extract of the air dried aerial parts of Paederia Foetida. Structural elucidation of all the compounds was performed by spectral methods such as 1D and 2D (1H- 1H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. The two isolated iridoid glycosides were tested in vivo for their antinociceptive properties. As a result, 2 showed potent antinociceptive effect and its ID50 value (53.4 μmol/kg) was 2-fold less than those of the positive control drugs aspirin and acetaminophen.

Traffic anomaly detection algorithm for CAN bus using similarity analysis

Recently, vehicles have experienced a rise in networking and informatization, leading to increased security concerns. As the most widely used automotive bus network, the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is vulnerable to attacks, as security was not considered in its original design. This paper proposes SIDuBzip2, a traffic anomaly detection method for the CAN bus based on the bzip2 compression algorithm. The proposed method utilizes the pseudo-periodic characteristics of CAN bus traffic, constructing time series of CAN IDs and calculating the similarity between adjacent time series to identify abnormal traffic. The method consists of three parts: the conversion of CAN ID values to characters, the calculation of similarity based on bzip2 compression, and the optimal solution of model parameters. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SIDuBzip2 method effectively detects various attacks, including Denial of Service , replay, basic injection, mixed injection, and suppression attacks. In addition, existing CAN bus traffic anomaly detection methods are compared with the proposed method in terms of performance and delay, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed method.

LIPASE FROM Rhizopus oryzae IMMOBILIZED ON CORN COB POWDER: A NEW APPROACH FOR DIETETIC TRIGLYCERIDE SYNTHESIS IN A FIXED BED REACTOR

This work explores the possibility of using corn cob powder as a carrier for immobilization by physical adsorption of lipase from Rhizopus oryzae used in acidolysis reaction of grape seed oil with capric acid (C10) to synthesize dietary triglycerides (TAGs) formed from medium-long-medium chain (MLM) fatty acids in a fixed bed reactor. First, enzymatic loading was investigated to improve hydrolytic activity and the immobilized biocatalyst was characterized in terms of biochemical parameters and thermal stability. An enzyme load of 30 mg mL-1 was quite adequate, as about 90% of the immobilization yield was achieved. The central composite rotatable design (CCRD) experimental design revealed that, for the immobilized enzyme, the optimal hydrolytic activity was obtained at pH 7.75 and 41 °C. Stirred tank reactions were optimized in CCRD statistical analysis revealing the most desirable conditions for molar ratio of 1:9.36 (oil:acid), 45 °C and 15% biocatalyst, obtaining a maximum ID value of 86.93 ± 2.25%. In a fixed bed reactor, the synthesis showed an average ID of 51.13 ± 0.77, demonstrating the potential of this configuration. It is concluded that corn cob powder as an immobilization carrier is a promising alternative for the enzymatic synthesis of MLM triacylglycerols.

Lenvatinib-Loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody Conjugation as a Preclinical Approach to Therapeutically Improve Thyroid Cancer with Aggressive Behavior.

Lenvatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved for the treatment of progressive and radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), is associated with significant adverse effects that can be partially mitigated through the development of novel drug formulations. The utilization of nanoparticles presents a viable option, as it allows for targeted drug delivery, reducing certain side effects and enhancing the overall quality of life for patients. This study aimed to produce and assess, both in vitro and in vivo, the cytotoxicity, biodistribution, and therapeutic efficacy of lenvatinib-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NPs), both with and without decoration using antibody conjugation (cetuximab), as a novel therapeutic approach for managing aggressive thyroid tumors. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NPs), decorated with or without anti-EGFR, were employed as a lenvatinib delivery system. These NPs were characterized for size distribution, surface morphology, surface charge, and drug encapsulation efficiency. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through MTT assays using two cellular models, one representing normal thyroid cells (Nthy-ori 3-1) and the other representing anaplastic thyroid cells (CAL-62). Additionally, an in vivo xenograft mouse model was established to investigate biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy following intragastric administration. The NPs demonstrated success in terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and cetuximab distribution across the surface. In vitro analysis revealed cytotoxicity in both cellular models with both formulations, but only the decorated NPs achieved an ID50 value in CAL-62 cells. Biodistribution analysis following intragastric administration in xenografted thyroid mice demonstrated good stability in terms of intestinal barrier function and tumor accumulation. Both formulations were generally well tolerated without inducing pathological effects in the examined organs. Importantly, both formulations increased tumor necrosis; however, decorated NPs exhibited enhanced parameters related to apoptotic/karyolytic forms, mitotic index, and vascularization compared with NPs without decoration. These proof-of-concept findings suggest a promising strategy for administering TKIs in a more targeted and effective manner.

Geometrical Characterisation of TiO2-rGO Field-Effect Transistor as a Platform for Biosensing Applications.

The performance of the graphene-based field-effect transistor (FET) as a biosensor is based on the output drain current (Id). In this work, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was investigated to obtain a high-performance device that produces a higher Id value. Using the finite element method, a novel top-gate FET was developed in a three-dimensional (3D) simulation model with the titanium dioxide-reduced graphene oxide (TiO2-rGO) nanocomposite as the transducer material, which acts as a platform for biosensing application. Using the Taguchi mixed-level method in Minitab software (Version 16.1.1), eighteen 3D models were designed based on an orthogonal array L18 (6134), with five factors, and three and six levels. The parameters considered were the channel length, electrode length, electrode width, electrode thickness and electrode type. The device was fabricated using the conventional photolithography patterning technique and the metal lift-off method. The material was synthesised using the modified sol-gel method and spin-coated on top of the device. According to the results of the ANOVA, the channel length contributed the most, with 63.11%, indicating that it was the most significant factor in producing a higher Id value. The optimum condition for the highest Id value was at a channel length of 3 µm and an electrode size of 3 µm × 20 µm, with a thickness of 50 nm for the Ag electrode. The electrical measurement in both the simulation and experiment under optimal conditions showed a similar trend, and the difference between the curves was calculated to be 28.7%. Raman analyses were performed to validate the quality of TiO2-rGO.

Pola Persebaran dan Keanekaragaman Kelomang di Zona Litoral Pantai Leuweung Sancang Kabupaten Garut

The littoral zone of Leuweung Sancang Beach, Garut Regency has very diverse biodiversity, such as hermit crabs. This study aims to determine the distribution patterns and species diversity of hermit crabs in the littoral zone of Leuweung Sancang Beach. This research was conducted from February 2022 to June 2022. This research uses quantitative methods and sampling techniques using a 100 meter transect belt which is divided into 100 plots with a size of 1 x 1 meter. The stations used are Cibako 1 station, Cikujang Jambe 2 station, and Ciporeang 3 station. The results of this study obtained data on the distribution pattern of hermit crabs on Leuweung Sancang Beach, namely clusters with an id value > 1 obtained data on the diversity of hermit crabs consisting of 3 family, 5 genus, and 13 species. The results of the calculation of the ecological index on hermit crabs show that the average density of hermit crab species is 15.73 ind/m2, the average diversity index is 1.27 includes the moderate diversity category, the average uniformity index is 0.52 includes the moderate uniformity category, and the average dominance index is 0.39 includes the category of moderate dominance.

Evaluation of antibacterial activity against Burkholderia pseudomallei VTCC 70157 and cytotoxicity ofpomegranate (Punica granatum) aqueous extract

Melioidosis is a severe acute infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, especially high epidemiological risk factors in agricultural operations with people frequently exposed to soil or water sources containing this bacterium. In this study, the thermal and gastric stability of antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts prepared from pomegranate (Punica granatum) against Burkholderia pseudomallei VTCC 70157 (NA23) was evaluated by agar plate diffusion, minimal inhibitory dilution (MID), and minimal bactericidal dilution (MBD) methods. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of aqueous extract to HEK293, HepG2, and HT29 cell lines was also studied. The results showed that aqueous extracts of different pomegranate parts had a high antibacterial activity with an antibacterial zone diameter in the range of 21-28 mm. MID and MBD values were under 1:256 and 1:128, respectively. At the extraction temperature of 100oC, antibacterial activities were significantly higher than those of 25 and 70oC. This study also demonstrated that the antibacterial activity of the extracts highly remained under simulated gastrointestinal conditionsexcept for the MID value of the twig extracts which was increased by two times. In addition, the extracts exhibited low cytotoxicity with the tested human cell lines, with ID50 values consistently being remarkably higher than the corresponding MID values. The study results suggest that aqueous extracts of pomegranate prepared by decoction according to traditional medicine might be effective through oral administration for the treatment of melioidosis.

Research on the Method of Counting Wheat Ears via Video Based on Improved YOLOv7 and DeepSort.

The number of wheat ears in a field is an important parameter for accurately estimating wheat yield. In a large field, however, it is hard to conduct an automated and accurate counting of wheat ears because of their density and mutual overlay. Unlike the majority of the studies conducted on deep learning-based methods that usually count wheat ears via a collection of static images, this paper proposes a counting method based directly on a UAV video multi-objective tracking method and better counting efficiency results. Firstly, we optimized the YOLOv7 model because the basis of the multi-target tracking algorithm is target detection. Simultaneously, the omni-dimensional dynamic convolution (ODConv) design was applied to the network structure to significantly improve the feature-extraction capability of the model, strengthen the interaction between dimensions, and improve the performance of the detection model. Furthermore, the global context network (GCNet) and coordinate attention (CA) mechanisms were adopted in the backbone network to implement the effective utilization of wheat features. Secondly, this study improved the DeepSort multi-objective tracking algorithm by replacing the DeepSort feature extractor with a modified ResNet network structure to achieve a better extraction of wheat-ear-feature information, and the constructed dataset was then trained for the re-identification of wheat ears. Finally, the improved DeepSort algorithm was used to calculate the number of different IDs that appear in the video, and an improved method based on YOLOv7 and DeepSort algorithms was then created to calculate the number of wheat ears in large fields. The results show that the mean average precision (mAP) of the improved YOLOv7 detection model is 2.5% higher than that of the original YOLOv7 model, reaching 96.2%. The multiple-object tracking accuracy (MOTA) of the improved YOLOv7-DeepSort model reached 75.4%. By verifying the number of wheat ears captured by the UAV method, it can be determined that the average value of an L1 loss is 4.2 and the accuracy rate is between 95 and 98%; thus, detection and tracking methods can be effectively performed, and the efficient counting of wheat ears can be achieved according to the ID value in the video.

Computed tomography-derived membranous septum length as predictor of conduction abnormalities and permanent pacemaker implantation after TAVI: A meta-analysis of observational studies.

Permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is associated with higher risk of mortality and rehospitalization for heart failure. Efforts to prevent conduction abnormalities (CA) requiring PPI after TAVI should be made. The membranous septum (MS) length and its interaction with implantation depth (ID-ΔMSID) could provide useful information about the risk of CA/PPI following TAVI. To identify MS length and ΔMSID as predictors of CA/PPI following TAVI. Study-level meta-analysis of studies published by September 30, 2022. Eighteen studies met our eligibility including 5740 patients. Shorter MS length was associated with a significantly higher risk of CA/PPI (per 1 mm decrease: odds ratio [OR] 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-1.99, p < 0.001). Similarly, lower ΔMSID was associated with a significantly higher risk of CA/PPI (per 1 mm decrease: OR 1.75, 95%CI 1.32-2.31, p < 0.001). Meta-regression analyses revealed a statistically significant modulation of the effect of shorter MS length and lower ΔMSID on the outcome (CA/PPI) by balloon postdilatation (positive regression coefficients with p < 0.001); with increasing use of balloon postdilatation, the effect of shorter MS length and lower ΔMSID on the outcome increased. MS length and ΔMSID demonstrated excellent discriminative abilities, with diagnostic ORs equaling 9.49 (95%CI 4.73-19.06), and 7.19 (95%CI 3.31-15.60), respectively. Considering that short MS length and low ΔMSID are associated with higher risk of CA and PPI, we should include measurement of MS length in the pre-TAVI planning with MDCT and try to establish optimal ID values before the procedure to avoid CA/PPI.

Pola Distribusi Tumbuhan Lamun di Perairan Pantai Sejuk Kabupaten Lombok Utara dalam Upaya Pengembangan Modul Ekologi

Seagrass plays an important role in the life of living things. However, the existence of seagrasses in every area is damaged due to pollution and human activities. One of the areas where seagrass has not been studied is Sejuk Beach Waters in North Lombok Regency. This study aims to determine the types of seagrass, dominating species population, population density, distribution pattern, diversity of seagrass, and development of ecological modules. The type of research used is descriptive exploratory, with data collection techniques namely observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques used include: 1) diversity index; 2) dominance index; 3) population density; 4) moricita index; and 5) test the validity of the module. Based on the results of the study it was found that there were 4 types of seagrass in Sejuk Beach Waters, North Lombok Regency, namely; Enhalus acoroides, Syringodium isoetifolium, Cymodocea rotundata, and Halophila minor. The population of seagrass species that dominates the highest is found at station III of 0.2476, the population of seagrass species that dominates at each station is Syringodium isoetifolium. The highest population density was found at station I with a value of 47.1, but the one with the highest population density was Syringodium isoetifolium. The highest seagrass distribution pattern was found at station III with an Id value of 2.9608, the seagrass that had the highest Id value was Syringodiun isoetifolium. The highest diversity of seagrass species was found at station I with an H' value of 0.3637, but the one with the highest diversity was Cyromocea rotundata. Meanwhile, the seagrass that grew the lowest at each observation station was Enhalus acoroides. The results of the study were then made in the form of modules and validated by 3 experts, scores obtained from content/content experts were 80%, linguists were 86%, and visual experts were 90%, these scores stated that the developed module was valid. Then it was tested for readability on 20 students of the Biology Education Study Program, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education semester IV, the scores obtained ranged from 80% -96%, indicating that the developed module was highly legible.

Impact of time-temperature combinations on the anti-Cytomegalovirus activity and biological components of human milk.

There is extensive evidence that Holder pasteurization (HoP) (30 min at 62.5 °C) has harmful effects on the bioactivities of human milk (HM). We previously demonstrated that lowering HoP temperature is sufficient to inactivate Cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Here, we analyzed the effect of lowering time/temperature on the antiviral activity against HCMV and IgA levels of HM. Eighty HM samples from five mothers were pasteurized in a range of temperature (62.5-56 °C) and time (40-10 min) in a conventional setting of Human Milk Bank. Unpasteurized HM from each mother was used as control. The samples were assayed against HCMV-AD169 strain in cell cultures and IgA levels were determined by ELISA. All HM samples exhibited anti-HCMV activity, to a different extent. An improvement of antiviral activity was observed in samples treated at 60, 58 and 56 °C compared to those at 62.5 °C, with ID50 values near those of unpasteurized milk. Similarly, better retention in IgA levels was observed by reducing the temperature of treatment. We demonstrated that a 2.5 °C reduction of heat treatment significantly preserved the IgA content and fully restored the anti-HCMV activity of HM, supporting this variant of HoP as a valid alternative to preserve HM bioactivities. This work questions the standard HoP and opens the debate on whether the pasteurization temperature commonly used in Human Milk Banks should be lowered to better preserve the biological components of the milk. A reduction of HoP temperature at 60 °C determined a significant preservation of anti-HCMV activity and IgA content of donor HM, compared to standard HoP. This alternative HoP is highly feasible compared to other substitute pasteurization techniques, since it would employ the same pasteurizer equipment found in most Human Milk Banks.

Enzymatic Interesterification of Palm Stearin, Flaxseed Oil and Cottonseed Stearin to Produce Stable Plastic Fat with Balanced Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acids.

This study aimed to produce stable plastic fat with desired physicochemical characteristics and ω-6/ω-3 fatty acid ratio (1:1-4:1) from palm stearin (PS), flaxseed oil (FSO) and cottonseed stearin (CS) via enzymatic interesterification (EIE). For the first time, the EIE variables of the blends containing PS, FSO and CS were investigated and optimized through single-factor experiments and response surface design to achieve a high interesterification degree. The optimized enzymatic interesterification conditions were: 60°C, 6 wt% Lipase UM1, and 6 h. Lipase UM1 had a similar effect on ID values with commercial lipases. The EIE improved the compatibility of the lipid blends, with the interesterified product EIE-721 (7:2:1, PS:FSO:CS) being the best candidate base stock for shortening considering its solid fat content, desired ω-6/ω-3 fatty acid ratio, wide melting range, abundant β' form crystal, and compact microstructure. This study provides a strategy to produce balanced ω-6/ω-3 fatty acid plastic fat through enzymatic interesterification and validates the application of Lipase UM1 in the preparation of plastic fat.