ICT Sector Research Articles

Strategic management of innovative development of infocommunication sphere as a factor of modernization of national innovative infrastructure

Purpose. The aim of the article is to substantiate the scientific and theoretical bases of formation mechanism of strategic management of innovative development of infocommunication sphere as a factor of innovation and modernization of infrastructure of the national economy. Methodology of research. General scientific methods are used in the process of the study, namely: methods of theoretical generalization - to study the mechanism of strategic management of innovative infrastructure development of infocommunication sphere; a systematic approach to support the strategic priority directions of innovative development of sphere of information and communication technologies; methods of analysis and synthesis – to determine the set of activities necessary to achieve the represented strategic directions of innovative development of sphere of Infocommunications. Findings. The mechanism of strategic management of innovative infrastructure development of infocommunication sphere is investigated. Strategic priority directions of innovative development of the infocommunication sphere are substantiated. The complex of necessary measures to achieve the presented strategic directions of innovative development of the infocommunication sphere is determined. Originality. Scientific and theoretical bases of formation mechanism of strategic management of innovative infrastructure development of infocommunication sphere as a factor of innovation and modernization of infrastructure of the national economy is developed. It consists of three modules: forecasting and analytical, of intensification-oriented and certification, the implementation of which contributes to the intensification of innovative processes in all spheres of economic activities and innovative infrastructure development of the national economy. Practical value. The results of research are aimed at solving problems of strategic management of innovative infrastructure development of infocommunication sphere as part of the innovation infrastructure of the national economy and can be applied in the development of a national strategy for the development of information and communication sphere. Key words: ICT sector, innovative infrastructure, national economy, management strategy, innovative development.

4차 산업혁명 시대의 신산업: 경제적 및 진입규제적 특성과 함의

4차 산업혁명 시대의 신산업: 경제적 및 진입규제적 특성과 함의

4 Migration research and analysis: Growth, reach and recent contributions

4 Migration research and analysis: Growth, reach and recent contributions

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Economic Growth in ASEAN-5 Countries

Digital economy generally refers to a digital technology-based economy. The embrace of digital economy is transforming a nation's economic growth. Countries blessed with successful digitisation will improve their economic performance; hence, it could increase country's GDP growth. In this respect, ASEAN-5 countries becoming a major economic force driver in Asia as well as to the global growth. The goal of this research is therefore to investigate the relationship between ICT and economic growth in the ASEAN-5 countries over the 2003 to 2018 study period. Using static and dynamic panel data estimation, results shows that fixed telephone line subscription has the greatest impact on ICT on economic growth. The findings suggest countries shall focus on the innovation of ICT especially on the mobile-cellular telephone subscription and fixed telephone line subscription to achieve economic growth. Investments in ICT infrastructure foster co-operation in ICT technology as well as advancing ICT particularly on the rise in jobs in the ICT sector, transforming government services into digital form to enhance economic growth in the country.

Araştırma-Geliştirme Harcamaları Ekonomik Büyümenin Nedeni Mi? Türkiye Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Sektörü Örneği

Ar-Ge harcamaları yenilikte, verimlilik artışında ve ekonomik büyümede rol alan önemli bir motordur. Ar-Ge harcamalarına gereken önemi veren ülkeler, bilim ve teknoloji alanında ilerlemiş ve daha rekabetçi hale gelmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Sektörü Ar-Ge harcamalarının gelişimi hakkında bilgi verilmiş, Ar-Ge harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi Granger nedensellik testi yardımıyla 2003-2017 yılları arası veriler kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla, Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri sektörünün, sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme için önemi ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonuçları, BİT Ar-Ge harcamaları ve BİT sektörü hasılası arasında iki yönlü bir nedensellik bulgusunu ortaya koymaktadır. Diğer bir deyişle, Ar-Ge harcamaları BİT sektörü hasılasını, BİT hasılası da Ar-Ge harcamalarını olumlu olarak etkilemektedir.

The entrepreneurship ecosystem in the ICT sector in Qatar: local advantages and constraints

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics and dynamics of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in the ICT sector in Qatar.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology of this research is based on a literature review and information collected through semistructured interviews with the different stakeholders involved in the entrepreneurship ecosystem in the ICT sector in Qatar.FindingsThe results show that two opposite forces shape the entrepreneurship ecosystem in the ICT sector in Qatar. On one hand, the strong determination and intervention of the Qatari government to diversify the economy by creating a vibrant ecosystem in the ICT sector. On the other hand, entrepreneurs in this sector are still facing some barriers and difficulties, and those issues are tightly related to Qatar's economic characteristics as a rentier state whose economy is driven by hydrocarbon resources.Originality/valueThese findings contribute to the clarification and critical analysis of the current dynamics of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in the ICT sector in Qatar, which would have several policy implications.

Influence of Spiritual Intelligence towards Employee Engagement and Intention to Stay by Generation Y Employees in the ICT Sector in Malaysia

Influence of Spiritual Intelligence towards Employee Engagement and Intention to Stay by Generation Y Employees in the ICT Sector in Malaysia

Value co-destruction: Exploring the role of actors’ opportunism in the B2B context

This exploratory study investigates value co-destruction in the Business-to-Business (B2B) context and examines the impact of actors’ opportunistic behaviour on value co-creation. The research undertakes an in-depth case study based approach. It uses data triangulation, where multiple sources of evidence (interviews, conference audio recordings and documents) are collected from the case organisation (a vendor) and its service ecosystem partners in the ICT sector. The partners included in the study are distributors, channel partners, competitors, and customers. B2B alliances are driven by the motivations to maximise strategic value and minimise transaction cost. Thus, using the ecosystem lens, we find that actors’ capabilities (resources and perceived value), vendor's approach to achieving strategic benefit and the channel governance mechanism enable value co-creation. However, using the transaction cost theory lens, we report that actors’ opportunistic behaviour, technological disruptions and new business model challenges lead to value co-destruction (in the form of termination of relationship, conflict and business liquidation). Alliance partners need to evaluate the strategic benefits of collaboration, knowledge sharing, learning, trust building, market expansion and technology sharing, considering partners’ self-serving behaviour driven by transaction cost economies. All ecosystem actors are seeking to develop capabilities, exhibit knowledge differentiators, demonstrate technology leadership, reduce uncertainty and respond to new business model challenges thus causing value co-destruction. Thus, this research is more encompassing because it explores factors that lead to both value co-creation and co-destruction.

ПРОБЛЕМА КЛАССИФИКАЦИИ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The paper performs the results of analysis due to the problem of categorization and classification of digital economy in order to assess its contribution to economic growth. The evolution of approaches to understanding the concept of digital economy is noted – evolution from Internet economy to perception of digital technologies as a factor in any economic activity. We analyzed one of the models categorizing digital economy, based on assessing the need for the use of digital technologies (it includes three categories – the ICT sector, the digital economy itself, the digitalized economy), and also indicated the shortcomings of the concept, in particular, impossibility to reliably determine the critical need of using digital technologies for different types of economic activity, thus they fall into related categories according to the classification. In addition, the paper analyzes the possibility of classifying the digital economy as a knowledge economy for further more accurate definition and categorization of "digital economy" concept. Based on the results of the analysis, key features of digital economy were identified for the further development of updated concept of digital economy and possibility of optimal categorization during further research. These features include science intensity, which is, among other things, cause existing difficulties in categorizing economic sectors and attributing them to the digital sector due to the diffusion of knowledge (and specifically digital technologies as the final result of knowledge accumulation), as well as their extensive penetration into most economic processes. As a result, it is necessary to develop a toolkit that can quantify the value of science intensity (manufacturability) of a particular sector of the economy in order to most accurately categorize and assess the contribution of the digital economy to economic growth. The second key feature of the digital economy is the reduction of transaction costs of interaction between economic agents (based on the concept of horizontal, vertical and diagonal costs by J. Commons) as a result of using digital products.

Event-based education and innovation in Learning Factories – concept and evaluation from Hackathon to GameJam

Innovations in manufacturing technology and ongoing digitalization require the constant acquisition of new skills and competencies. Especially in the case of emerging technologies, insecurities and reservations can cause challenges for implementation. Events for facilitating innovation, education and training, as for instance hackathons or code-camps, are popular in the ICT sector. Learning Factories offer a prime location and assets for conducting technology and education-based events. A concept for event-based education is developed. With an attributed collection of event types it allows the structured identification of suitable events. The feasibility of event-based education is demonstrated with the analysis of a hackathon and a game jam held at “Die Lernfabrik”. A self-evaluation of the participants indicates a positive reception and knowledge improvement.

The analysis of COVID-19 impact on the internet and telecommunications service sector through modelling the dependence of shares of Russian companies on the American stock market

Relevance. The coronavirus pandemic has both negative and less obvious positive effects on the world economy. In order to better understand these processes, it is necessary to examine the sectors that have shown growth against the general decline in production. Such sectors include the Internet and telecommunication services. Research objective. The purpose of this study is to model the impact of the pandemic and foreign companies on the value of shares of Russian tech companies. Data and methods. The study involves daily share price data of such American corporations as Google, PayPal, Netflix, Adobe, and the Russian company Yandex. Moreover, we used the dummy variable Covid-19. The econometric analysis was conducted by using vector autoregression (VAR). The direction of cause-and-effect relationships was investigated with the help of the Granger test, and the effect of single shocks, through impulse response functions (IRF). Results. A stable VAR model was built. The IRF graphs were used to describe the impact of the pandemic and the value of US. companies on Russian companies. Conclusions. The study shows that the 2020 pandemic has proven to be a positive shock for companies in the ICT sector, contributing to increased demand for their services and market capitalization. The pandemic has affected both Russian and foreign companies. The study has also found the influence of the American stock market on share prices in Russia. Russian companies reacted to changes in the American stock market with a lag of up to 10 days.

Economic and business cycles with time varying in India: evidence from ICT sectors

Economic and business cycles with time varying in India: evidence from ICT sectors

Prospects of Innovative Development and Structural Modernization of the Luhansk Region Economy Based on Smart Specialization

The article presents the results of the Luhansk region economy analysis and highlights the directions of its structural and innovative renewal, which are determined by using the smart specialization approach. The dynamics of the main economic indicators of the region, the value-added structure and export of goods are analyzed. It has been studied that deindustrialization and the transition to an agrarian economy continue in the region. That is a consequence of the influence of systemic and situational factors, as well as the lack of effective state regulation of socio-economic processes. Attention is drawn to the need for an early modernization of the regional economy, aimed at diversification and ensuring the competitiveness of the Luhansk region. It has been determined that despite the loss of a large number of scientific personnel by the region, it still has the ability for innovative development in certain areas. Further implementation of the smart specialization approach at the regional level is required to enhance innovation. The importance of searching for development prospects for traditional industries is emphasized, as well as new sectors/activities, that may arise as a result of intersectoral and inter-regional collaboration. Two directions of the regional smart priorities identification are presented. The first is based on unlocking the strategic potential of the chemical industry, in which a significant number of the employed population, business structures are concentrated, and strong scientific and educational resources are still preserved. The development of this direction is seen through the use of cluster technologies and the use of European integration prospects. The second area involves cooperation between the chemical, agricultural and ICT sectors, which is aimed at achieving Sustainable Development Goals and, in particular, the implementation of the Precision Farming concept.

A Note on Germany's Role in the Fourth Industrial Revolution

This paper provides in-depth insights into patenting activities in technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) in Germany and worldwide between the years 1990 and 2016. The descriptive analysis of these digital inventions at the current technological frontier yields several main findings. Germany is a leader in 4IR innovations, accounting for 12% of all 4IR patents filed worldwide. Digital inventions are predominantly filed in the ICT sector, yet compared to other 4IR leaders, Germany‘s 4IR patents are relatively more directed to the motor vehicles sector and less so to the ICT sector. This is driven by Germany‘s high R&D-intensity in this sector, rather than a larger share of 4IR inventions in the motor vehicle sector. Germany‘s leading position is driven by its high number of patent applications rather than a specialization in 4IR.

Social Competencies, Job Performance and Cultural Adjustment Among Expatriate Assignees In Malaysia

This study investigates the relationships and impact of social competencies on job performance and the mediating role of cultural adjustment of expatriates engaged in the ICT sector in Malaysia. Based on a quantitative survey with a sample of 301 expatriates, the findings of this study revealed that social competencies have a positive relationship with job performance. The findings also support the role of cultural adjustment in mediating the relationship between social competencies and job performance. The findings of this study support the results from some earlier studies and also bring out several new ideas such as the importance of social competencies. The findings of this study will significantly contribute to the advancement of knowledge in job performance and cultural adjustment and it is evident that expatriate social competencies facilitate expatriates’ job performance and cultural adjustment. The implications are in the areas of expatriate selection, training and support practices. It is recommended that organizations consider social competencies and cultural adjustment and implement suitable HR policies to select the right candidates, train and motivate them. The results of this study will add to the current body of knowledge as well as assist in creating foundational solutions to ensure success in expatriate global assignments in Malaysia.

The Influence of ICT Sector on the Romanian Labour Market in the European Context

The ICT sector, as the backbone of the fourth industrial revolution, has major implications for labour markets. Assessing its effect is crucial for the development of policies that support the labour markets, bringing many benefits for workers, organizations, the economy, and society as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the level of digitalization of the Romanian economy in the EU context, as well as the impact of the ICT sector on employment and skills. The results of the comparative analysis at the EU level show that there are significant negative gaps between Romania and the EU average, as well as between Romania and Visegrad countries, in terms of Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), the contribution of ICT sector to employment and GDP, employed ICT specialists (as % of total employment) and the impact of ICT on tasks and skills. A strong positive correlation was identified between the level of digitalization of economy and society (expressed by DESI) and the labour productivity in the EU countries. Therefore, in order to reduce these negative gaps and to create an inclusive digital economy and society, a higher level of digitalization of work is required, especially in countries (like Romania) where there is a low level of digital economy, as well as low labour productivity. At the same time, it is essential that the EU labour force develops the necessary digital skills so that workers win the race of digitalization of jobs.

Economic and business cycles with time varying in India: evidence from ICT sectors

The purposes of this paper are two main sections. The former is to study the relationship between Indian ICT industries and GDP by applying Bayesian inference. Yearly predominant indexes collected during 2000 to 2015, including Indian GDP, fixed phone usages, mobile phone distributions, internet servers, and broadband suppliers are analysed by employing the Markov-switching model (MS-model) and Bayesian vector autoregressive model (BVAR). The latter is the time-varying parametric VAR model with stochastic volatilities (TVP-VAR). With Bayes statistics, this time-varying analysis can more clearly provide the extended perception to the underlying flexible structure in the economy. Additionally, the Bayesian regression model is used to investigate the ICT multiplier related to Indian economic growth. Empirically, results indicate IT sectors are now becoming the importance of Indian economic expansion, compared with telecommunication sectors. The ICT multiplier also confirms high-technological industrial zones should be systematically enhanced, especially, researches and developments in cyberspace.

Features of shadowing the sphere of information and communication services at the national and regional levels

Based on the assessment of the features and basic preconditions for the shadowing of ICT services in the regions of Ukraine, it is substantiated that a significant level of its shadowing, especially in the IT sector, is an unfavorable factor that limits the positive effects and structural changes in Ukraine’s socio-economic system and also hinders the most complete and effective realization of its development potential. It is established that lack of effective judicial system and specialized standard and legal base, and also the low level of ICT services domestic market development and generally low investment appeal of our country’s economic system remains the main obstacles which hinder the achievement of the high level of the Ukrainian ICT sector development and increase in competitiveness of its services on a global scale. It leads not only to the deepening lag of the ICT services sector of Ukraine from its main competitors on a global scale, but also to maintaining a high level of its shadowing, which negatively affects the prospects of the national economy and increasing the efficiency of its potential in ensuring economic development of the regions of Ukraine. The maximum positive impact of the ICT services sector in the development of the economic system is possible only if it, in addition to increasing its competitiveness in the global IT market, will contribute to the growth and improvement of the domestic IT market through the implementation of experience gained in the economic systems of developed countries in creation and introduction of modern innovative technologies, products, methods of organization and management of business processes. The positive impact of the ICT services sector on the internal IT market development in Ukraine is significantly limited by numerous regulatory and economic barriers, which together with the high level of the shadow economy, both in the ICT services sector and in the economic system of Ukraine in general, noticeably reduce its investment attractiveness for foreign and domestic investors. According to the assessment of the shadow economy level in the ICT services sector of Ukraine in 2013-2018 by the method of unprofitable enterprises, the interdependence between changes in the level of the shadow economy in ICT services sector and some parameters of its productivity in the economic system is defined. It allowed to find out the main reasons for the shadowing and the threats of its growth in the ICT services sector in Ukraine, and also to identify possible ways to overcome them in the near future.

Survival Strategies in the Spanish ICT Sector: Amper between Two Crises

This article aims to study the performance of an oligopolistic sector through the case of a medium-sized multinational company, belonging to the telecommunications equipment industry, at a time of crisis. Its interest lies in the contrast with a general situation during the first decade of the new millennium, sealed by the numerical predominance of the small size in the companies of the planet, on the one hand, and the determining weight of the big multinational companies. In this sense, it aims to make a contribution to the debate on the impact of resource and size constraints on the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) . It also seeks to intervene in the controversy over patterns of adaptation to markets and technological change in general in their struggle for survival. In the particular facet of internationalization based on foreign direct investment (FDI), it seeks to delve into the patterns and reasons for SME FDI defended by traditional theories. The business model based on proprietary technology and strong internationalisation that Amper exemplifies achieved irrefutable results in the face of the crisis, but some evidence suggests a return, insufficiency and unfulfilled results.

Quality of e-Commerce Practices in European Enterprises: Cluster Analysis Approach

Development and usage of e-Commerce has a positive impact on business, while it offers better services to clients and higher profitability for enterprises. Easier and effective communication processes between sellers and buyers provides an additional benefit for further expansion of e-Commerce especially in developing countries. The goal of the article is to determine the quality and usage of e-Commerce practice in enterprises with 10 or more employees in European countries in 2018. The analysis will be conducted using hierarchical cluster analysis aiming to investigate whether there are significant differences among selected European countries regarding e-Commerce practices. Research results indicate that selected European countries can be divided into four homogeneous groups with similar characteristics regarding e-Commerce practices. According to the results of this study, e-Commerce practices are more often used in European countries with a more developed ICT sector such as Belgium and Ireland.