ICT Development Research Articles

Digital divide reflections on regional development disparities in Türkiye

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the ‘Digital Divide' concerning disparities in adopting information and communication technologies (ICTs) at the regional level in Türkiye. Acknowledging the multiscale dimension of the digital divide, two main research questions are addressed: (1) Is there a digital divide between regions in Türkiye? If so, (2) How does the digital divide affect the development disparities in Türkiye? The ICT Development Index (IDI) and Socio-Economic Development Index (SEDI) are utilized together to answer these questions. Results reveal a positive correlation between them and significant discrepancies between Türkiye‘s eastern and western regions. Remarkably, the digitalization gap is narrower than the socio-economic development gap. The findings suggest that while digital technologies have diffused rapidly in Türkiye, their socio-economic benefits have been absorbed more slowly. This study aims to contribute to the literature on the digital divide and information and communication technology for development (ICT4D) at the regional level, providing insights for policymakers to address regional digital inequalities in Türkiye.

The Use of Digitalization and Impact on MSME Performance in Malang, Indonesia

Small and medium enterprises have an essential role in the Indonesian economy, and a great opportunity could be created by the development of ICT for their growth and development. This research aims to study the advantages of digitization for SMEs. This study analyzes the context and situation of SMEs in Malang: operations, productivity, and digitalization. The digitalization mentioned is about financial assistance, management, enterprise resource planning (ERP), and the means of assistance available to them.
 Keywords: digitalization, SME, operational, social media, communication

Linkages between ICT diffusion, renewable energy consumption, and carbon emissions: a comparative analysis of SAARC, MENA, and OECD countries.

This paper examines the linkages between information and communication technology (ICT) diffusion, renewable energy consumption (REC), and carbon (CO2) emissions across three distinct regions: the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), Middle East and North Africa (MENA), and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nations. We explore the causal pathways linking these variables and perform a comparative assessment of region-specific patterns with their policy implications. Utilizing a panel dataset of 28 countries from 1998 to 2019, we employ panel ARDL, FMOLS, DOLS, and D-H causality tests. The comprehensive analysis of the sample reveals that ICT development enhances CO2 emissions, whereas REC reduces emissions. However, the comparative analysis suggests a positive linkage between ICT diffusion and CO2 emissions in MENA and OECD countries but a negative linkage in SAARC countries. Further, REC substantially reduces emissions in MENA and OECD countries but has an insignificant effect in SAARC countries. Our findings corroborate the first-order effect of ICT (negative environmental impact) in MENA and OECD countries, with contextual variations attributed to economic structure, financial sector growth, trade openness, and industrialization. These findings offer pivotal insights for policymakers to leverage ICT capabilities and REC to attain sustainable development and mitigate climate change consequences.

The effects of telecommunication technology and leadership quality on private consumption in Malaysia

AbstractWe estimate the long‐run impacts of telecommunication technologies, information and communication technology (ICT), and national leadership on private consumption in Malaysia. To accomplish this objective, the research employs the unit root and cointegration tests on a quarterly sample from 1995:Q1 to 2020:Q4. Our results show that private consumption, ICT, leadership quality and other determinants are cointegrated. In the long‐run, we find that ICT and leadership quality both have a significance positive impact on private consumption. We also discovered that better ICT development and leadership quality will moderate the effects of disposable income on private consumption. Interestingly, the impact of ICT on private consumption is also found to be contingent upon the degree of leadership quality. Thus, policy initiatives aimed to improve ICT infrastructure and nurturing first‐class leadership talents should be prioritised in an effort to promote private consumption, which eventually leads to economic growth and development.

How do transaction costs influence remittances?

Using a new quarterly panel database on remittances, this paper investigates the elasticity of remittances to transaction costs using local projections. The findings suggest that cost reductions have a short-term positive impact on remittances within a quarter, before they stabilize at a higher level. According to our estimates, reducing transaction costs to the Sustainable Development Goal target of 3 percent could generate an additional US$32bn in remittances, higher than the direct cost savings from lower transaction costs, thus suggesting an absolute elasticity greater than one. The cost-elasticity exhibits some heterogeneity along several characteristics of the recipient country, notably competition in the remittance market, financial sector deepening, correspondent banking relationships, transparency in remittance costs, financial literacy and ICT development. Micro data from the USA-Mexico corridor confirm that migrants facing higher transaction costs tend to remit less, and that this effect is less pronounced for skilled migrants and those that have access to a bank account.

Do ICT Development and labor force foster Economic Growth in Indonesia?

Purpose: This paper aims to determine the ICT Development Index and other supporting variables affecting Indonesia's economic growth.Methods: This study uses secondary data from 1996-2019. Using economic growth variables as endogenous variables, and labor force, gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), cellular phones per 100 people, fixed telephones per 100 people, and internet users as exogenous variables. The data analysis technique used OLS multiple linear regression with eviews 9 application.Finding: The neoclassical theory developed by Solow (1957) a name "Growth Accounting" that economic growth formed from the factors of production and technology. This finding only the variable Mobile cellular per 100 people does not affect economic growth in Indonesia, and other variables are significant.Novelty: This study uses an innovation variable, namely the ICT Development Index, to complement the variables of production factors (labor and GFCF). This study focuses on Indonesia because it is about Indonesia's potential use of technology and information, among indications of the use of telephone and internet users in Indonesia.Implications: Further research can apply other ICT Development variables such as ICT exports or use the other countries.Keyword: GDP, Gross Fix Capital Formation, Internet User, Labor Force.

ICT development and total factor productivity growth

Total factor productivity (TFP) is essential for disentangling the determinants of economic growth, productivity, and the standard of living. Understanding the variations in TFP, however, is greatly challenging because of the many assumptions that comprise the theoretical growth framework. In this paper, we aim to explore the determinants of TFP growth for countries at different stages of information and communication technology (ICT) development. To address the endogenous nature of the associated growth variables, we implement a three-stage-least (3SLS) square panel regression to improve the efficiency and asymptomatic accuracy of the estimators. We find that transmission channels, such as financial openness and trade globalization, have contributed substantially to growth in both advanced and developing countries. However, we also discover that greater financial openness can undermine a country’s TFP growth if the financial system is not sufficiently developed. When time horizons are decomposed into pre-ICT development and post-ICT development periods, a significant crowding-out effect is observed between ICT investment and financial openness in the pre-period, implying that the allocation of resources is critical for countries in the developing stage. Trade and finance policies that are adopted by advanced and developed countries might not be ideal for underdeveloped countries. Discretion in choosing adequate policies regarding financial integration and trade liberalization is advised for these emerging countries.

Effects of information and communication technology on total-factor carbon emission efficiency and the health co-benefits.

Information and communication technology (ICT) has great potential to propel economic development toward a low-carbon direction. This study aims to investigate the effect of ICT development on total-factor carbon emission efficiency (TFCEE), as well as its public health co-benefits. We use dynamic (threshold) models and a panel of 30 Chinese provinces from 2008 to 2019. The results suggest that ICT significantly and positively impacts the TFCEE. Specifically, for every 10 per cent increase in the internet development index, the TFCEE increases by 0.11 per cent. Moreover, we find that ICT development indirectly improves the TFCEE by promoting green innovation and energy structure optimization. Furthermore, when green innovation (energy structure represented by the share of coal) switches from below to above (above to below) its threshold value, the promotion effect of ICT development on the TFCEE increases. Additionally, the results show that improving the TFCEE can lead to co-benefits in strengthening China's public health. This study delivers novel insights on promoting the TFCEE through the ICT channel and highlights its positive health-related externalities. Furthermore, we offer policy recommendations to Chinese decision-makers, which can apply to other emerging economies battling similar issues.

Netizen Views on Travel Reviews for Trip Selection

This study delves into the evolving landscape of information and communication technology in Indonesia, examining the rapid progress and emergence of new technologies within the community. Focusing on Duapao.com, a travel agent utilizing both old and new technologies, the research investigates the influence of customer testimonials on netizens' perceptions of travel experiences. Utilizing Perception theory and qualitative research methods, the study explores five key indicators: essence, attention, expectation, motivation, and memory. The findings reveal that Duapao.com's online presence and positive testimonials significantly attract netizens, fostering interest and influencing their decision to experience the affordable and well-regarded travel promotions offered by the company. Highlights : Digital Influence: Duapao.com leverages the power of online testimonials to attract netizens and shape their perception of travel experiences. Rapid ICT Development: The study highlights the swift progression of Information and Communication Technology in Indonesia, impacting how communities engage with travel services. Affordability and Quality: Positive testimonials create a strong public perception of Duapao.com, emphasizing affordable travel promotions coupled with good service quality. Keywords : Duapao.com, Netizens, Travel Testimonials, Information and Communication Technology, Perception Theory

Economic growth and the proliferation of ICT infrastructures: which causes the other?

This study explored the causal association between Information and Communications Technology (ICT) infrastructure development, measured by an ICT index, and the economic growth of 42 African economies between 2000 and 2019. Whether ICT development has contributed to real per capita GDP growth or ICT infrastructure expansion has just been a consequence of growth in real per capita GDP has been overlooked in prior studies concerning Africa. The econometric techniques used to analyse the data included robust second-generation tools to investigate cross-sectional dependence, slope homogeneity, and panel causality. The findings detected significant independence between the variables across countries, the slope was heterogeneous, and there was a long-run association between all of the economies in the sample. Dumitrescu and Hurlin’s panel causality analysis indicated a unidirectional causal association between per capita income and the ICT index. The results also demonstrated that capital and employment were the leading causes of per capita GDP growth. The findings suggested that accelerating economic growth in developing economies was essential to promoting ICT investment.

A study of the problems associated with information and communication technology utilization on the provision of library and information services in university libraries in Cross River State, Nigeria

The aim of this study is to determine the problems associated with Information and communication technology (ICT) utilization in the provision of library and information services in university libraries in Cross River State, Nigeria. It was also intended to determine if there was any significant change in the problems associated with ICT utilization on the provision of library and information services in the university libraries. The use of universities in the study was based on the researchers’ view that these university libraries are prominent in ICT development. A Survey design was used with questionnaire as the instrument for data collection. A total of 130 respondents were used (that is 26 librarians, 66 paraprofessional librarians and 38 library support staff completed the questionnaire). Simple percentages were used to answer the research question, while t-test analysis was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that, inadequate provision of funds, negative attitude of university management toward ICT utilization, lack of maintenance of ICT facilities, absence of ICT training programmes, lack of awareness of ICT potentials by library users and installation of obsolete ICT facilities among others are all identified to be problems associated with ICT utilization and that, the problems associated with the utilization of ICT on the provision of library and information services in university libraries in Cross River State, Nigeria are significantly high. From the findings of this study, it is recommended among others that, adequate funds should be provided for the much needed and talked about ICT utilization in all university libraries in Nigeria. University libraries should embark on periodic in-house training programmes by way of workshops, conferences, seminars etc for the purpose of skill acquisition among librarians, paraprofessional librarians as well as library support staff.

Моделювання факторів соціально-економічного розвитку регіонів України та визначення ролі ІКТ

The aim of this article is to analyze and model the factors of socioeconomic development of the regions of Ukraine, taking into account the peculiarities of the influence of information and communication technologies (ICT). The article is directed towards identifying the relationship between various aspects of regional development and the introduction of ICT, as well as determining the role of these technologies in increasing the competitiveness and sustainable development of regional economies. One of the tasks is to reveal the importance of information technology for the effective management of regional development and to develop recommendations on strategies for improving the efficiency of the use of ICT in order to promote sustainable development of the regions of Ukraine. In order to determine the generalized factors of socioeconomic development of regions and to establish the impact of ICT on this development, a model of the main components has been built, which has allowed to transform the 16-dimensional feature space into a four-dimensional space of generalized factors that explain 88.7% of the variation of the features selected for analysis. This indicates a high level of factorization of the built model of principal components. The following generalized factors have been identified and ranked according to the degree of importance: 1) development of ICT and labor potential (impact: 39.9%); 2) the state of finance and investment (impact: 14.4%); 3) development of production (impact: 24.7%); 4) the results of the functioning of enterprises (impact: 9.6%). The computations were carried out using the «Statistica» application package, in particular the «Factor analysis» module. The use of the developed model made it possible to prevent subjectivism in determining the main factors of socioeconomic development of the regions of Ukraine. The carried out research allowed to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations of statistical modeling of factors of socioeconomic development of regions and to determine the role (impact) of ICT. The allocated factors can be taken as a basis for the formation of key directions and strategies for the development of regions, as well as for making effective managerial decisions in the field of ICT.

Is information and communication technology a productivity drain or gain? Evidence from the health services sector in China

This contribution investigates the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on health service performance and considers the issue of income inequality. It provides empirical evidence that the development of ICT helps to mitigate the negative impact of income inequality on health and thereby providing support for the vigorous development of ICT. Specifically, by using the Driscoll-Kraay standard error estimation, Generalized Method of Moments, and a panel threshold model, a nonlinear relationship is detected, and the results show that: (1) ICT can significantly promote the performance of the health service sector. As income inequality increases, the effects of ICT on health care performance become larger. (2) With the increase from a lower to a higher income inequality level, the positive impact of ICT development on health service enables productivity to increase significantly. Finally, policy recommendations for promoting health service productivity, based on our theoretical contribution and empirical results, are provided.

Информационно-коммуникационные технологии в процессе принятия политико-управленческих решений на региональном уровне: опыт Пермского края

Introduction: The 2010s started a modern stage of informatization in Russia, aimed at the consistent introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT) into the activities of public authorities. Following the deployment of informatization processes at the federal level of government, ICT are being introduced into the regional public space. Objectives: to identify the peculiarities of ICT application in the system of public administration of a single Russian region taken individually, the Perm Territory being used as an example. Methods: case-study through applying the model of political-administrative cycle; interview method. Results: the following peculiarities of ICT application in the political and administrative process of the Perm Territory have been revealed: (1) informatization processes in the regional public administration system were launched in 2017 with the arrival of new Governor, M. G. Reshetnikov. This started public discussion of key laws in the field of digitalization of governance and training of sectoral leaders of digital transformation; (2) based on the results of the informatization processes, the representatives of the sectoral ministry identify two major needs: (a) to increase the number of competent personnel, including programmers and IT specialists, and (b) to increase in time for the development, launch and implementation of ICT products; (3) new organizational institutions in informatization of the management decision-making process were introduced; (4) one of the effects of ICT development in the sphere of regional governance was the creation of new channels for interaction between government and society; (5) custom regional automated information systems were introduced, which are used throughout the whole decision-making process. Conclusions: identifying the peculiarities of how ICT are used in public administration of a single Russian region taken separately is an attempt to outline a regional cross-section of informatization processes; it reveals the challenges facing subnational elites in the digitalization era, as well as their response, already formulated, to these challenges as ways to resolve problems. The options by the Perm Territory political team in decision-making can be used both in the perspective of scientific cross-regional comparative studies and in practice – as recommendations for the ICT development in the public administration system of other Russian regions.

Post Covid-19 and Technology Integration in Secondary Schools in Delta State, Nigeria

This study investigated post-Covid-19 and technology integration in secondary schools in Delta State. Five research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted the descriptive method of ex-post facto research design premised on the positivists research paradigm. The population of the study comprised all students and teachers of public secondary schools in Delta State, Nigeria. The sample size for the study comprises 384 students and 370 teachers. The sampling technique used for the study is the proportional stratified sampling. Checklist and two sets of questionnaires are the instruments used to collect data for this study. The face and content validities of the questionnaire are determined by the researcher’s supervisor and two other Professors in the Department of Educational Management and Foundations. Cronbach alpha reliability index is used to determine the internal consistency of the items in the instrument. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed amongst others that both teachers and students in Delta State secondary schools have a positive attitude towards technology integration, despite the limited availability of ICT facilities and development and training programmes. The mean score of teachers was higher than that of students. The study recommends that the Delta State Government should increase the availability of ICT facilities and development and training programmes in secondary schools. The study contributes to knowledge by providing evidence that both teachers and students in Delta State secondary schools in the post-COVID-19 era have a positive attitude towards technology integration, despite the dearth of internet infrastructure in schools.

Does ICT Development, Innovation Dissemination Promote Economic Growth and Human Capital? An Econometric Approach Based on East African Countries

Does ICT Development, Innovation Dissemination Promote Economic Growth and Human Capital? An Econometric Approach Based on East African Countries

Modern information and communication technologies in the training of junior border guards in the countries of the European Union

The article characterizes modern information and communication technologies (hereinafter - ICT), which are used in the process of basic training of border guards of the countries of the European Union, with the aim of adapting advanced foreign experience to the system of professional training of junior border service inspectors in departmental educational institutions of the Ukrainian border guard agency. It was found that the use of ICT in the process of professional training of border guards allows to optimize the overall professional development of junior inspectors of the border guard service, motivates the personnel of the border guard department to study new material in a convenient way after classroom hours, ensures the implementation of the principles of mobile learning, expands the range of possible exercises and professionally oriented tasks, which contributes to a better involvement of listeners in the process of learning educational content. The development and implementation of educational ICT in the system of professional training of junior inspectors of the border guard service changes the structure of the cognitive activity of the future specialist, which affects the content of education, determines the renewal of forms, methods and principles of training focused on the use of their independence. The authors sate that considered modern ICT based on web platforms of law enforcement agencies of the European Union countries allow junior border guard service inspectors to take an active position in the process of mastering new knowledge, to independently determine the order, pace, and method of acquiring knowledge, and is currently a key element of the professional training of junior border guard service inspectors in the departmental educational institutions of the Ukrainian border guard agency.

ICT and human development: an analysis of European Union countries

ICT and human development: an analysis of European Union countries

Философско-футурологический дискурс в контексте электронных технологий

The article examines the influence of electronic means of communication on the modern philosophical and futurological discourse. The concepts of the theories of «network» and «platform» capitalism, their problems and prospects are investigated. Modern urban spaces and telecommunications form a research field for anthropology and social philosophy. The author analyzes in detail the philosophical reflection of the intensity of ICT development by N. Land, who demonstrates a decaying, apocalyptic, inhuman view of the future development of society and technology. The article notes the close connection between the category of faith and the techno-capitalist system, which acts as a stimulator and regulator of economic relations, accelerating historical time. The mechanism of functioning of psychological symbols and their impact on cultural dynamics is studied. The purpose of this article is to analyze how information technologies contribute to the development of philosophical programs, building images of the future.

ДІДЖИТАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ЯК ЧИННИК ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ

The article examines the impact of digitalization of enterprises on the competitiveness of Ukraine’s economy. The essence of the country’s competitiveness is theoretically substantiated and the main factors that form it are identified. The overall level of competitiveness of Ukraine’s economy in 2017– 2023 is studied and the negative impact of the war on the deterioration of our country’s economy is identified. The author analyzes the level of development of technology and communications, which affects the competitiveness of the economy and confirms the statement that digitalization and the introduction of technologies into the business processes of enterprises are the basis for their success in the market and the strength of the Ukrainian economy. The author analyzes digitalization in Ukraine, which is characteristic and widespread in all sectors of the economy where there is interaction with the consumer. An example of digitalization and the introduction of digital technologies in the Ukrainian market is given, using 3D printing as an example. The level of use of information and communication technologies at enterprises in 2020–2022 is analyzed. The sub-indices of Ukraine’s competitiveness are analyzed. Ukraine’s place in the ICT ranking is analyzed. It has been found that an important prerequisite for the development of digitalization is the level of ICT development, which in 2022–2023 shows negative trends. It is proved that the introduction of technology and communication directly affects the formation of the competitiveness of the country’s economy. The author analyzes the level of digitalization in Ukrainian companies and analyzes in detail the main indicators that show the degree of technology implementation in enterprises. The dynamics of Internet use at enterprises is analyzed. The use of the Internet by Ukrainian enterprises in 2020–2022 is substantiated. It is determined that the use of modern technologies at enterprises forms the competitive advantages of the country’s economy.