Iconographic Record Research Articles

Interculturalidade pedagógica, iconografia religiosa e controvérsia social

Volume 17.1 of Siwô’: Journal of Theology and Socio-religious Studies, published in January-June 2024, dialogues with intercultural pedagogy, offers an iconographic record of Marian images for study, as well as presents, from a polemical perspective, the positions of the ecclesiastical hierarchy in Chile during the government of Salvador Allende, and analyzes the progression of moral reasoning in young Costa Rican people, in relation to sexual and reproductive rights, to finally show the human future towards ecotheology.

On Deserted Landscapes and Divine Iconography: Iconographic Perspectives on the Origins of YHWH

In light of three important trends and developments within recent research—first, the interpretation, the dating and the literary growth of the second commandment (Exod 20:4 ‖ Deut 5:8); second, the reevaluation of ancient Israel’s origins; and, third, the continuously increasing archaeological and iconographic record—the article surveys potential repre­senta­tions of YHWH from pre-exilic and post-exilic times in order to evaluate them against the background of YHWH’s origins. Without aiming at a clear identification of YHWH imagery, the study analyses a broad range of iconographic material: anthropomorphic and theriomorphic figurines, the motif of “the lord of the ostriches,” a cult stand from Taanach, the Bes-like figurines on the drawings from Kuntillet Ajrud, humanoid figures on a sherd from a strainer jar, the motif of an enthroned deity on a boat, the so-called horse and rider figurines and a famous Yehud coin depicting a deity on a winged wheel. Based on this evidence, it will be argued that the iconographic data can and should be included as a verifying or falsifying per­spec­tive into the discussion about YHWH’s origins. In order to fulfill this function, the iconographic evidence has to be studied without a specific religious-historical reconstruction in mind. Instead, the full range of possible interpretations and the polyvalent character of the imagery in particular should be taken into account.

Rock art survey in the ancient oasis of Salūt (northern Sultanate of Oman): a variegated iconographic record

AbstractThe systematic survey of petroglyphs in the area of the ancient oasis of Salūt, in central Oman, highlighted a rich repertoire of representations that are here discussed against the background of Arabian rock art in general. The region displays an extremely rich number of engravings along the slopes of the Jabal Hammah, north of the main site of Salūt. The majority of the petroglyphs find abundant fitting comparisons in the region. The notable exception of the motif of the “man with halberd” is presented, as it appears to be significantly rare and underlines interpretative issues concerning the so‐called T‐shaped signs, ubiquitous in Arabian rock art. One of its occurrences was radiocarbon dated to before the mid‐first millennium BCE. This and other, relative hints for reconstructing the chronological context of the petroglyphs are discussed, indicating that engravings can be broadly dated from the second millennium BCE onwards.

Memórias vividas, histórias sentidas nas Américas e Áfricas: a invenção de um Museu Comunitário

Este artigo analisa a invenção de um Museu Comunitário com alunos da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB) no Ceará. Esta experiência foi vivida a partir da componente curricular Alfabetização, Letramento e Bilinguismo nos Países da Integração no Curso de Pedagogia. A iniciativa teve como objetivo problematizar os processos de educação não-formal, informal e da escolarização dos discentes e seus antepassados, a partir de memórias vividas e histórias sentidas nas Américas e nas Áfricas, nas comunidades que fazem parte da cooperação solidária Sul-Sul. Revisitamos as experiências sistematizadas de museus comunitários, a literatura autobiográfica da infância e escolarização, a partir de escritores brasileiros e africanos e elegemos como categorias de análise a história sentida, memória vivida, tempo, espaço, educações e alfabetização. O estudo de natureza qualitativa, do tipo descritivo-analítico, centra-se na pesquisa autobiográfica e biográfica, com destaque para 21 narrativas de discentes, sendo 3 guineenses e 18 brasileiros. Como procedimentos de coleta de dados, destacamos a observação participante, registro iconográfico, avaliação individual da prática pedagógica e portfólios. O diálogo entre os estudantes propiciou a interpretação subjetiva e coletiva sobre a importância do resgate da ancestralidade no processo de formação docente e atuação dos futuros pedagogos em espaços escolares e não-escolares.

Objects without Texts: Mimbres Painted Bowls and the Problematics of Interpretation

The painted bowls of the Mimbres culture (c. 1000–1130 CE) provide a uniquely expansive iconographic record for the American Southwest. In the absence of a closely associated textual record, their imagery has often been interpreted through accounts originating from geographically or temporally removed cultures, an approach that merits critique. Although an iconological understanding of the images might not be possible, a phenomenological account has the potential to illuminate other important aspects of these bowls. In this regard, this essay argues that, in addition to the unrecoverable primary referents of the images, some Mimbres painted bowls self‐referentially draw attention to the material, structural, and contextual conditions of their own apprehension.

Partial and complete deposits and depictions: Social zooarchaeology, iconography and the role of animals in Late Moche Peru

The advent of social zooarchaeology has stimulated a more in-depth conversation on the role of animals in society. Zooarchaeological methods provide the means to assess not just the subsistence strategies of past communities but the larger social, economic and political systems within which animals are situated. By addressing faunal assemblages within different contexts and in terms of the values and practices that may have structured these human-animal interactions, archaeologists can better interpret the representation of animals in different material media and by extension the social and ideological role certain species played in past cultures. This paper mobilizes faunal evidence from the Late Moche site of Huaca Colorada (AD650–850) in the Jequetepeque Valley of Peru and contextualizes these patterns in the Moche iconographic corpus. The iconographic record indicates that the Moche made a distinction between wild and domestic animals; wild species appear to have been understood as partible beings associated with supernaturals, while domesticated animals were socialized and viewed as integral to human affairs. The taxonomic differentiation of wild and domestic species is apparent in both animal use and representation and in different contexts of ceremonial practice. Moreover, domestic animals were interred as special offerings, comparable to human sacrifices, while wild species were deposited only as partial and distributed offerings.

Sailing and Sailing Rigs in the Ancient Mediterranean: implications of continuity, variation and change in propulsion technology

Ships and boats form the foundations of the maritime connectivity that is a central part of our understanding of the ancient Mediterranean. While the general chronological sequence of sail and sailing-rig development is well established, the implications are less-well discussed. This article sets out how sails and sailing rigs developed in antiquity, with emphasis on the Greco-Roman world. Subsequently, instances of innovation are defined. Why specific pieces of maritime technology were, or were not, widely adopted is considered. Long-term technological continuity can be comprehended, and a shared maritime culture of sailing in the ancient Mediterranean is suggested.

A JOURNEY TO THE AFTERLIFE UNDER THE PROTECTION OF THE MISTRESS OF NAVIGATION: A ‘NEW’ FUNERARY BELIEF FROM ROMAN MEMPHIS

The study of Egyptian personal religiosity during the third centuryadpresents an interesting opportunity to explore the processes of cultural encounters between Egypt and the Roman Empire. The religious situation was more complicated and variegated than the textual evidence seems to suggest; sometimes one becomes aware of the existence of certain beliefs only through their iconographic record. For this reason, decorated stelae, coffins, and mummy wrappings are crucial materials for research into questions of religious exchange. This article presents the case of a third-centuryadshroud from Memphis painted with a woman's portrait and funerary scenes, along with a representation of Isisnavigans.

„Hominem te memento!“ Der mahnende Sklave im römischen Triumph und seine Ikonographie

This paper provides a collection and critical discussion of all the literary and iconographic evidence available on the slave who crowned the Roman triumphator (and also the protagonist in related Roman processions). The notoriously meagre iconographic record of this scene is substantially enlarged by hitherto unknown (or misinterpreted) coin types of the second century AD presented in this article for the first time.

Development of New World Crops by Indigenous Americans

Advanced agricultural and horticultural systems are a feature of pre-Columbian civilizations of the Americas. Practically all of the crops that originated in the New World were domesticated before European incursions. Thus, the New World crops currently grown in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Oceania should be considered as a contribution of indigenous cultures of the Americas to humanity. The history of these indigenous crops can be found in the written post-Columbian record of explorers, correspondents, travelers, and botanists. It can also be traced in the iconographic record derived from pre-Columbian artifacts, illustrated manuscripts, herbals, paintings, and sculpture. This information is particularly useful for such fields as taxonomy, genetics, crop domestication, crop evolution, and genetic diversity. Major New World crops to be reviewed include grains and pseudograins (amaranth, maize, quinoa), legumes (common bean, lima beans, peanut), cucurbits (chayote, pumpkins, squash), solanaceous fruits (capsicum peppers, husk tomato, pepino, tomato), starchy roots and tubers (cassava, potato, sweetpotato), fruit and nuts (blueberry, brambles, cactus pear, cashew, papaya, pineapple, strawberry), beverage crops (cacao, mate), ornamentals (dahlia, fuchsia, sunflower), and industrial crops (cotton, Pará rubber, tobacco).

The Geoff Egan Memorial Lecture 2011 Artefacts, art and artifice: reconsidering iconographic sources for archaeological objects in early modern Europe

This paper reviews a key dynamic in post-medieval archaeology, that is, the relationship between artefacts and images, and in particular the questions raised in the study of historic domestic material culture depicted in contemporaneous painting and prints. Both media underwent a major transformation from c. 1400. Two main groups of pictorial art containing domestic material culture are reviewed, namely pre- and post-Reformation art in the Netherlands and Germany and genre paintings of the Dutch Golden Age. The historical iconographic record may shed a potentially rich qualitative light onto the quantitative archaeological patterning. Excavations at Duisburg in the Lower Rhineland are selected as a rich source of archaeological correspondence.

NEW WORLD CROPS: ICONOGRAPHY AND HISTORY

Evidence of the introduction of New World plants in Europe, Asia, and Africa comes from the written record of explorers, correspondents, travelers, and botanists. However, the iconographic record of artists and illustrators in both the New and the Old World is a particularly valuable resource because it provides information on plant characteristics that are often incomplete in the written record and is particularly useful for such fields as taxonomy, genetics, crop domestication, crop evolution and genetic diversity. The New World civilizations developed an advanced agriculture and a rich source of iconographic evidence still survives despite the despoiling of many of their manuscripts by the conquistadores. Images of New World plants in the Old World are derived from illustrated manuscripts, herbals, paintings, and sculpture (Janick, 2007). PROLOGUE The Iberian encounter with the new found lands stumbled on by Christopher Columbus in 1492 was inspired by a shorter trade route to the spice-rich “Far East.” It proved to be the greatest event of the late Middle Ages and marks a convenient beginning to Modern Times. Columbus refused to believe that he had not found Asia, and the New World became known as the West Indies, a misnomer carried over to the present time in reference to the islands of the Caribbean. In anticipation of the riches promised by Columbus, Pope Alexander VI, the Spaniard Rodrigo Borgia (born Roderic de Llancol), divided the world in 1494 between Portugal and Spain in a line of demarcation 100 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands. At the treat of Tordesillas, January 24, 1506, the line was changed to 370 leagues west of this point, a miscalculation that not only assured Portugal’s rights to India and the Far East, but provided a toehold in Brazil. After Columbus there were immediate incursions by various Europeans adventurers (Thomas, 2003) and it was soon realized based on a southern voyage navigated by Amerigo Vespucci that the new area was a huge continent and the name America was given on a map by Martin Waldseemuller in 1507. Although Vasco Nunez de Balboa discovered the Pacific in an overland trek over the isthmus of Panama, a sea passage proved more difficult but was found by the Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, in the strait that now bears his name in his famous voyage circumnavigating the globe (1519–1522) and chronicled by the Italian passenger Antonio Pigafetta. The English were less successful in finding a Northwest Passage but soon developed their foothold in North America along with the French. During the first two decades after the “discovery” the Americas provided only false hopes. Dyewood, cotton, monkeys, and parrots began to trickle out but the enormous riches desired, in terms of gold, silver, and jewels, treasures alluded to by Columbus for the ears of his greedy patrons, did not materialize. For 20 years the Spanish confined themselves to a small piece of the Isthmus of Panama and the islands of the Antilles. No

The nervous system in colours: the tabulae pictae of G.F. d’Acquapendente (ca. 1533–1619)

Section Editor noteThe appearance in The Journal of Headache and Pain of this paper on an important document of the history of brain anatomy could seem of marginal interest for a journal devoted to clinical and basic research on headache and pain. On the contrary, the knowledge of the remote development of our understanding of the nervous system can throw light on the development which followed in all the fields of neurologic interest [1–3]. In other terms, and just to give an example, modern neurology, and particularly neurophysiopathology and neuropharmacology, would be simply inconceivable without the notion of the neuron and of the synapses, and, before those, of the macroscopic morphology of the nervous system. To rationally modify the software, in this case a clinical condition such as headache, in the favourable terms we desire, would not be possible without a scientific knowledge of the structure of the hardware, the nervous system, which today we are able to manipulate at a very subtle cellular, or even molecular, level. Therefore, a glimpse into this fascinating moment of the Renaissance in which an outstanding advancement of neurological knowledge took place, documented by a pictorial representation – actually a true brain imaging – of exceptional beauty and scientific value, will not only please our eyes, but will also stimulate our interest in a better understanding of the present through the path of the past.Giorgio Zanchin

Frontier Metropolis: Picturing Early Detroit, 1701-1838

Fascinating glimpses of detroit in the years before photography. Despite its inland location, Detroit's origins as a French outpost make it older than many other cities of the eastern United States. A vivid iconographic record survives for early Detroit, created by those who studied the city for military or commercial purposes. These pictures and maps are tantalizing windows into the past of this colonial metropolis of the Great Lakes during its French, British, and early American periods. Frontier Metropolis illustrates and describes all known images of Detroitin the pre-photographic era - from its founding in 1701 to 1838 - to provide a nearly complete visual chronology made by people who knew the city. Brtan Leigh Dunnigan has arranged these maps, plans, and views to show the evolution of Detroit and its community life over its first 137 years. Culled from a variety of archives and private collections, images were selected that recorded contemporary scenes, avoiding those that were made later to recapture an earlier period. Chapter introductions review issues faced by Detroit residents during the years covered, while text accompanying the images places them in their historical context and adds the descriptive words of people from the past. No other book so vividly depicts Detroit's growth from struggling agricultural community and trading post to industrial giant. Presented in a handsome, large-format design and illustrated in full color, Frontier Metropolis is a unique and captivating look at the city's rich and diverse heritage.

Egyptian Myth and Discourse: Myth, Gods, and the Early Written and Iconographic Record

Previous articleNext article No AccessEgyptian Myth and Discourse: Myth, Gods, and the Early Written and Iconographic RecordJohn BainesJohn Baines Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Journal of Near Eastern Studies Volume 50, Number 2Apr., 1991 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/373483 Views: 55Total views on this site Citations: 4Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1991 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Sanghwan Lee The Journey through the Netherworld and the Death of the Sun God: A Novel Reading of Exodus 7–15 in Light of the Book of Gates, Religions 14, no.33 (Mar 2023): 343.https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14030343Brad C. Sparks Egyptian Texts relating to the Exodus: Discussions of Exodus Parallels in the Egyptology Literature, (Jan 2015): 259–281.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04768-3_19Katherine Eaton Monthly Lunar Festivals in the Mortuary Realm: Historical Patterns and Symbolic Motifs, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 70, no.22 (Jul 2015): 229–245.https://doi.org/10.1086/661260Bruce G. Trigger Understanding Early Civilizations, 17 (Jun 2014).https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511840630