Iconic Message Research Articles

Semiotic interpretation of photos in Leslie Silko’s Storyteller

Abstract Leslie Marmon Silko, a Native American female writer, includes many photos about family and land in her autobiography Storyteller. The relations of images and words in her book are analyzed from the perspective of semiotics, particularly from Roland Barthes’s image rhetoric. The linguistic message and the coded and non-coded iconic message of the photos help in understanding the Laguna Pueblo concept of time and place. Photos about family show the cyclical time expanse of the family history and the change of traditions in Laguna. Photos about land and the stories behind pass on their ancestral culture to the next and the next generation. Photos, as a sign to be against linear time and against humans’ violence to nature, help the indigenous reshape their history and re-envision their subjectivity.

The Image of the Child in Jordanian Cinema: A Semiotic Study of "Theeb"

This research shows the image of the child in the Jordanian cinema. The study sample consisted is the semiotic analysis of the cinematic film "Theeb", where the researcher worked on analyzing four scenes (Master scene) from the film: the longest daytime scene, the longest night scene, the shortest daytime scene, and the shortest night scene, and analyze them semiologically. The researchers used Roland Barthes's theory of semiotic analysis. Roland Barthes divides the visual message into two parts, the "iconic message" which includes two connotations (designative and applied connotation) and the "linguistic message" (structural function and approach).The results indicated that the term child image in Jordanian and Arab cinema is a newly established term. Many individual initiatives have emerged that presented the image of the child in films and series. In general, the image of the child in the cinema has disappeared with the project to promote the child's dreams and what he aspires to in the future.

The Makna Denotasi dan Makna Konotasi Dalam Film Animasi “Amirotur Ruum” Karya Hadi Mohammadian: Semiotika Roland Barthes

This article aims to describe the meaning of denotation and connotation in the animated film Amīrat al-Rūm by Hadi Mohammadian using the semiotic theory of Roland Barthes. Barthes explained that in the meaning of the word, there are two parts, denotation, namely the original meaning contained in the dictionary, and connotation, where this meaning involves human emotions and thoughts. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research, and the data source used is the animated film Amīrat al-Rūm by Hadi Mohammadian. The data collection technique uses watching, listening, and translating. Meanwhile, the data analysis is linguistic messages, unencoded iconic messages, and encoded iconic messages. The results of this study indicate that in the animated film Amīrat al-Rūm many dialogues contain denotative and connotative meanings.

The Effect of Verbal and Iconic Messages in the Promotion of High-Quality Mountain Cheese: A Non-Hypothetical BDM Approach.

To ensure the sustainable development of mountain livestock farming, the adequate remuneration of high-quality dairy products is fundamental. In this sense, communication strategies aimed at promoting mountain products and ensure better positioning and higher market prices are fundamental. The present research seeks to expand the literature regarding consumers’ willingness to pay for mountain foods by using an online real auction experiment aimed at evaluating the premium price that consumers are willing to pay for summer over winter mountain cheese, depending on the information provided concerning the taste anticipation or animal welfare. The results showed an overall small premium price given to the higher quality summer cheese; this could be, partially, due to a generally low degree of consumer knowledge about mountain dairy farming. With reference to communication strategies, the results provide evidence about the effectiveness of the rational messages founded upon sensorial characteristics and the anticipated taste of cheese. In addition, this study explored that adding a logo had no main effect on the price premium participants were willing to pay. This may be due to the fact that logos and claims, having a lower information content, are more indicated to lead the choice of consumers with a higher level of awareness. In the conclusion section, policy and agribusiness implications of the findings are provided.

INFORMATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THE ENGLISH POLYCODE DICTIONARY ENTRIES

The article is devoted to the study of the informational potential of the polycode dictionary entries in English learner’s lexicography. The communicative specificity of learner’s dictionaries consists in their targeting to a clear segment of the readership. These are non-native speakers of English, studying it as a foreign language and living outside the area of its functioning, and, therefore, outside the situational context. The features of users to whom learner’s dictionaries are addressed determine the content and presentation of lexicographic material, which is aimed primarily at expanding the vocabulary of the reader and, moreover, familiarizing him more closely with the culture of Englishspeaking society. The main task of a lexicographic article in an explanatory dictionary is to provide a certain amount of information necessary for the reader to adequately understand a particular word of interest. To solve this problem, compilers of dictionaries resort to using both typesetting and pictorial non-verbal communication means. A polycode lexicographic article is a combination of two definitions of the same sememe, which are made with signs of two different semiotic systems: symbolic (linguistic) and iconic (pictographic). The analysis of the informational potential of polycode articles in English learners’ dictionaries gives grounds to claim that the appearance of the pictographic component in any case optimizes the transmission and perception of information. In addition, the iconic message, as a rule, increases the amount of information conveyed by the verbal message (definition), firstly, by explaining the ontological characteristics of the structure, existence and functioning of the nominated referent in the world, and secondly, by creating clusters semantically and linguistically related lexical items. As a result, new quanta of information appear (absent in the definition) and the information itself is structured into some microsystems that permeate the macrosystem of the dictionary.

Body in its digital expansion

Recognizing the importance of Tributo as a creation space where pedagogical and digital processes are linked, allows the Fashion Design program of the Corporación Unificada Nacionalde Educación Superior CUN in Bogota to move from a personal experience to virtual teaching, as a result of the context variables, to guide the creation processes of the students that areconsolidated from the distant viewpoint of the professor. Three fundamental elements are identified to articulate the research process: the otherness to understand the strategies from the virtual education; the possibility of diversifying the products from the digital creation andthe use of didactic tools, where it gamifies to harness the levels of motivation of the students;the pedagogic and creative practice from the sustainability. We find that teachers establish strategies to take the training of university students through a motivating route that is evidenced in the diversity of products that goes beyond the conventional costume format and focuseson the iconic message, photography, editing, visual and musical remix, which enhance other skills that fashion students in the search for a comprehensive, competitive, sensitive and creative professional.

‘DEEP-FRIED’ AND DENATURALIZED: CRITIQUING MEMETIC META- ONTOLOGIES

In this paper, I have sought to introduce and outline the trend in Internet meme-making know as 'deep-frying' and explain its significance as a method of user critique within a naturalized medium. How do images that confuse and repel the casual viewer through profanity, enthusiastic emoji usage, over-saturation, repeated compression, bubbling/ warping, and excessive lens flaring effectively question the memetic paradigm? Firstly, by understanding memes as Hito Steryl's transgressive 'poor images' that circulate to produce communities of content creators and consumers that stand in opposition to the state-sponsored rich image making complex. Further, through the application of work by Rolande Barthes, Claude Shannon & Warren Weaver, Scott Contreras-Kotterbay & Łukasz Mirocha, and Rosa Menkman, I have produced a critical examination of the formal practices that elucidate this phenomenon, on the level of the linguistic & iconic message, noise level, and redundancy. Lastly, I propose an orientation of these works within a diverse corpus across various major social media as a networked art practice in keeping with the tenants of the New Aesthetic.

Commodification of Local Culture In Cigarette Commercials: Semiotic Analysis On Dji Sam Soe Commercial “Mahakarya Indonesia 2016”

Being restricted directly displaying cigarettes on commercials forces cigarette manufacturers and creative teams to work hard to create a cigarette commercial that can attract consumers’ attention. This is the reason why many cigarette manufacturers show scenes laden with local culture elements in their commercials as an effort to bring their products closer to the consumers. Local culture-themed commercials beginning to bloom on the television aim not only to preserve Indonesian local cultural values but also to protect them from being claimed by other countries. This research aims to get an overview of an alleged exploitation of Sumbawa local culture in Dji Sam Soe cigarette commercial Mahakarya Indonesia 2016 version. The research method used here is semiotic analysis with approaches from Roland Barthes, which are linguistics and connotative and denotative iconic message. Several vital scenes indicate practices of exploitation of Sumbawa local culture in the advertisement. These practices of local culture exploitation are marked by the emergence of scenes where Sumbawa people work together to build boats and houses (denotation), a long-time characteristic of Indonesian society, along with verbal and written message (linguistics) shown through the back sound of a man saying,“From the youths to the elders, to the youths.”and “One Nusantara collaborate to create an effort in which equal burden is bore on the shoulders!”.These sentences send both denotative and connotative messages that are important to be analyzed further.

Alfabetizar para ver: la importancia de aprender a leer, comprender y analizar imágenes

El presente estudio hace hincapié en la importancia de la alfabetización visual entendida como la capacidad de decodificar imágenes, comprendiendo la profundidad semántica del mensaje icónico, acompañado o no de texto. Para observar el desempeño del alumnado universitario en cuanto a la lectura de imágenes y percepción de significados implícitos y sutiles, se realiza un experimento con estudiantes de los Grados en Educación Infantil y Filosofía de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos durante el curso 2018-2019. La investigación ha consistido en la exposición del grupo experimental (n = 209) y del grupo de control (n = 51) a la lectura de un álbum ilustrado en el aula, contestando a continuación un cuestionario basado en los significados de las imágenes que ilustran la obra. Los resultados detectan un nivel de lectura visual deficitario en ambos grupos, el cual no se corresponde con el perfil del lector competente. Se observa la necesidad de desarrollar habilidades específicas de lectura de imágenes, dotando, sobre todo a los futuros maestros, de herramientas que les permitan fomentar en los escolares en desarrollo del pensamiento y la mirada crítica.

The function of biblical passages used as graves inscriptions found in the Zelów’s necropolis

Graves inscriptions, which are subject of analysis in the present paper, are a basic element of the sepulchral space of the Evangelical Reformed Parish burial ground in Zelów that brings together the descendants of Czech religious emigrants. It is assumed that the tombstone inscription is a linguistic and iconic message with a defined, conventionalized structure, containing both obligatory and optional verbal elements. This analysis will cover non-obligatory verbal elements represented by final formulas in the form of quotations from the Bible, mainly from the Old Testament (passim the Book of Psalms), less frequently from the New Testament (passim the Gospels). Biblical passages testify to the relationship of the deceased and the tombstone’s founder to God; moreover, they express the desire to commune with God and hope for the reward that is the eternal life.

Languages in Contact, Cultures in Contact: Verbal and Iconic Visual Signs in Mother Tongue and Culture as Mediators in Teaching English as a Foreign Language

Interlingual translation, intersemiotic translation, and mediation seem to be the main means by which students who are learning English as a foreign language in Greece connect the learning of English as a foreign language and Greek as a mother tongue. This research probes into the teaching of English in Greek state schools and more specifically the teaching of English, as a foreign language, in the first year of junior high school. The research attempts to evaluate the authors’ choices of visual iconic messages that promote the Greek culture and language, the students’ mother tongue, as a means of mediation—mostly through interlingual translation—to familiarize them with the target language and culture, namely, the English language and culture. The fact that the visual iconic and verbal signs under scrutiny are all derived from a textbook published by the Greek Ministry of Education, Research and Religious Affairs gives more significance to the specific signs (thus legitimizing them).

MITOLOGI DAN IDEOLOGI ADDRY DANUATMADJA SELAKU HOST !NSERT DENGAN BAHASAN PEMAKAMAN SAN DIEGO HILLS DI INVESTIGASI TRANS TV

TV shows are full of interests and ideologies attempt to influence the audience. Infotainment is a popular TV show that drive the construction of reality to bring meaningful discourse to urge public debate. Had the acquisition of a high rating and share, !nsert Investigasi has become one of prominent Trans TV's show that treats different symbol to serve their host who expected as high class celebrity. There are meaning, mithology and ideology hidden in every verbal and non-verbal sign from host of “!nsert Investigasi”. Theories behind this research include critical studies of TV and infotainment, studies of verbal and nonverbal elements, and semiotics as well. The critical paradigm simultanously goes with Roland Barthes semiotic theory to serve as tools of analysis by reviewing the linguistic message, coded iconic message and non-coded iconic message. The result obtained are the shifting of meaning from the verbal and non-verbal signs of Addry Danuatmadja, both in terms of pronunciation, expression, and also the following attributes used as supporting elements of his performance as the host of “!nsert Investigasi”. This is summarized in seven key myths, such as the personal ego, materialistic interests, lifestyle, alignments, grade gap, capitalism in his nationalism, and the transformation of meanings that contain the ideology of capitalism, the political economy of the media, and colonialism. Key Words: Semiotics, Mythology, Ideology

A sinfonia fílmica em ‘Sal de Prata’ (2005) de Carlos Gerbase

This article focuses on the relationship between a cinematographic corpus and a music structure in. This discussion is followed by the introduction of the concept of ‘film symphony’ [‘sinfonia filmica’] as well as its viability related to ‘Sal de Prata’. Carlos Gerbase’s ‘Sal de Prata’ (2005) is a film organized through narrative intertitles that refer to a symphonic structure through their semantic content. This text discusses the notion of structure in music and movies, including the concept of film editing. The discussion is complemented by anchorage, concept proposed by Barthes (1964) to designate one of the functions of the linguistic message on the iconic message. This article aims at a reflection on the multifaceted usage of music in the cinematographic complex, contributing to the construction of this interdisciplinary area of study. Key words: cinema, music, film music, film symphony, ‘Sal de Prata’ (film).

Logo and semiosis: From an icon sign to the Serbian culture symbol

A logo is most commonly observed as an emblem with intent to be widely recognized as a permanent symbol, or an icon, additionally permitting correlative meanings within a designative context. In the particular example of the Glossary of Serbian culture logo the opportunities of elements of design (coded iconic message, non-coded iconic message and linguistic message) have been analyzed with intention to ascertain communication with future users of the Index conveying the desired message not only about specificities of Serbian culture but also its complexity and unifying nature with the global culture. A logo is observed as a multi-parametric code transcending form a concept of artistic design to a “rhetoric figure” in context of presentation and promotion of Serbian culture. While the art of designing, as a discipline, has the objective of artistic modulation, as well as an aesthetic effect, it also, in this case, represents the form of the governmental strategy in communication with others and formation of the cultural identity of its citizens.

Engineering an image‐browsing environment: re‐purposing existing denotative descriptors

PurposeThe paper provides a theory base for deriving connotative descriptors for photographs from existing denotative descriptors, and then demonstrates a model for enhancing browsing within image collections by providing a tool for carving up the searching space.Design/methodology/approachThe paper conceptually explores the nature of iconic messages contained in an image by adopting semiotics as a theoretical tool. A problem of image retrieval is identified as loss of connotative messages during the image representation process. The paper proposes an image‐retrieval model utilizing an association thesaurus that facilitates the assignment of connotative index terms by making use of denotative index terms of an image. A series of experiments are performed for evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed model.FindingsExperimental results demonstrate that the association thesaurus improves image‐retrieval effectiveness by increasing the recall of connotatively related image documents as well as the recall of browsing sets.Practical implicationsApplying connotative index terms to an image would be time consuming. Deriving connotative terms from denotative terms and then using them to enrich the browsing environment suggest a method of increasing retrieval effectiveness while reducing the resources required for representation.Originality/valueSince images are often used to illustrate concepts that are not immediately evident from just the objects in front of the lens, connotative descriptions are particularly valuable. Since human perception of images is, in a sense, hard wired into our brains, browsing is a frequent and reasonable search method in image collections. Using connotative descriptors to point the way to clusters of images with a higher probability of relevance changes the locus of control over representation establishes an environment for dynamic representation, and gives credibility to browsing as a significant search method.

Three Dimensionality

Visual critics interested in news primarily analyze still photographs in print media. Thus, the questions of how images in television news are contextualized, complemented, displaced, explained, or contradicted by the auditory channel and linguistic messages on the screen have not been studied extensively. Based on an exploratory content analysis of CNN, MSNBC, and FOX News coverage of the 9/11 terrorist attacks and Hurricane Katrina, the author categorizes the interplay between the three modes of information transmission in the broadcast news: moving footage (iconic messages), on-screen textual elements (linguistic messages), and voiceover (audio messages). The analysis identifies six organizing categories: (1) polysemy reduction, (2) meaning attainment through audio, (3) reinforcement, (4) contextualization and acquiring meaning, (5) contradiction, and (6) slogano-symbolism. These categories provide an interpretative framework for visual analyses of television news and offer new directions for research.

Nevermoreprint

Nevermoreprint

Message Planning, Communication Failure, and Cognitive Load Further Explorations of the Hierarchy Principle

The hierarchy principle predicts and research has demonstrated that in response to communication failure, individuals make less cognitively demanding, low-level changes to message plans, such as the vocal intensity at which they are delivered, rather than more demanding alterations to message content and structure. Three experiments examined the effects of different message preparations on cognitive loads associated with high-level message plan alterations. In Experiment 1, individuals who prepared only one highly iconic message before experiencing communication failure demonstrated greater cognitive load when requested to deliver an alternative message than did individuals who prepared three highly iconic alternative messages. No cognitive load differences were found between those who prepared one or three low-iconicity messages. In Experiment 2, individuals who prepared one or six highly iconic message plans demonstrated greater cognitive load after communication failure than those who prepared three alternatives. This U-curve relationship was replicated in Experiment 3.

A user-adapted iconic language for the medical domain

Although icons are presented as a universal language, some claim that cultural background, education and environment might influence the users' interpretation of their meaning. If this is true, the iconic language should be adapted to the user's characteristics. This paper presents results of a study that was aimed at designing the iconic language of a medical decision support system to be used in several European countries. The study included four main phases: listing and classification of the messages to be represented, collection of proposals about icons from representatives of potential users, preparation of candidates for evaluation and final evaluation of candidates by a sample of users. Results of this study indicate which icons are universally considered as "good" or "bad", and which ones are "controversial", that is, which are clearly preferred or clearly rejected by different interviewed subgroups. These results are also compared with results of previous studies, to single out factors which seem to condition acceptance of iconic messages. Finally, the paper describes the architecture of the interface which supports adapting icons to the user characteristics.

Re-Enactment and Simulation: Toward a Synthesis of What Type?

For thousands of years communication has functioned principally by means of linguistic and iconic messages. In the first case linguistic symbols serve as intermediaries; in the second, images or, more broadly, representations. In order to be transmitted, linguistic and/or iconic symbols need to be re-produced, re-presented, vocally, through writing, painting, sculpture or any other means of re-production. But re-production requires a space that, through use of an appropriate material, serves as its medium; forms to occupy it; rules to control it, and a certain stability. In other words representation is impossible without a certain fixity of the message that alone can ensure its duration, whether short or long being unimportant, but which it needs precisely in order to function as a message.