Ice Cream Cone Research Articles

Algumas reflexões sobre a definição de probabilidade

Todos os dias nos deparamos com situações em que precisamos fazer escolhas. Algumas escolhas são bem simples como por exemplo, se você deseja ou não tomar um sorvete, se decidir por tomar, se vai querer que seja servido no copo ou numa casquinha, e depois ainda tem que escolher o(s) sabor(es). Em algumas destas escolhas temos preferências e em outras somos indiferentes (temos a mesma preferência para qualquer escolha). Se mesmo em casos simples vemos que a indiferença não é a regra, porque no estudo de probabilidade o foco é na indiferença (equiprobabilidade)? Este trabalho constata através da análise de livros, dissertações de mestrado bem como do resultado do teste aplicado com alunos, que o conceito de probabilidade sedimentado é aquele que nos obriga a aceitar a equiprobabilidade como a única forma de ver o mundo e que muito pouco tem sido feito recentemente para mudar esse quadro. Também relatamos que a forma como alguns compêndios tratam o tema pode dificultar o entendimento até mesmo do caso em que a equiprobabilidade é considerada.

Acetabular reconstruction with an ice-cream cone prosthesis following resection of pelvic tumors: Does computer navigation improve surgical outcome?

Acetabular reconstruction with a coned-stem prosthesis has been one of the reliable procedures following pelvic tumor resections but is associated with a risk of complications and postoperative morbidity. We investigated whether navigated reconstruction could decrease the complication rate and optimize outcomes. A retrospective study was conducted on 33 patients who underwent acetabular resection and reconstruction with ice-cream cone prostheses; outcomes were compared between the navigated and nonnavigated groups. A clear margin was obtained in 91% and 82% of the navigated and nonnavigated groups, respectively. The local recurrence (LR) rate was 12%, and all LRs occurred in the nonnavigated group. The rate of major complications requiring surgical intervention was significantly lower in the navigated group (9%) than in the nonnavigated group (50%; P = .024). Two implant failures occurred in the nonnavigated group. Functional outcomes were significantly correlated with the occurrence of major complications (P = .010) and the use of navigation (P = .043); superior functional scores were observed in the navigated group (Musculoskeletal Tumor Society, 73% vs 55%; Toronto Extremity Salvage Score, 73% vs 56%). Ice-cream cone prosthesis is an acceptable reconstruction modality following periacetabular tumor resections, and computer navigation are useful to facilitate proper resection margins and implant position.

Surgical treatment for pelvic Ewing sarcoma: What is a safe and functional acetabular reconstruction when combined with modern multidisciplinary treatments?

The purpose of this study was to clarify which local treatment is oncologically and functionally effective in pelvic Ewing sarcoma (ES). A consecutive series of patients who underwent pelvic resections and acetabular reconstructions after chemotherapy between 1986 and 2016 at a supra-regional center were evaluated. The cohort consisted of 35 patients. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) was 61% and 72%, respectively. Preoperative radiotherapy (RT) and surgery provided an excellent/good histological response in 92% and achieved significantly better OS (5 years, 64%) and LRFS (5 years, 100%) than surgery alone or surgery with postoperative RT. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional scores were significantly better in patients with hip transposition than those with structural reconstructions (74% vs 57%; P = .031) using custom-made prostheses, irradiated autografts, and ice-cream cone prostheses. These scores were significantly lower if patients had deep infection (P = .035), which was the most common complication (28%) in structural reconstructions but did not occur in hip transposition even when performed after preoperative RT. Acetabular reconstruction with hip transposition resulted in no deep infection and superior function in patients with pelvic ES even when combined with preoperative RT, which improved tumor necrosis and rate of local control and survival.

Socket Preservation Using the Ice Cream Cone Technique Versus Spontaneous Healing in Fresh Extraction Sockets.

Socket Preservation Using the Ice Cream Cone Technique Versus Spontaneous Healing in Fresh Extraction Sockets.

Stability, ℒ1 performance and state feedback design for linear systems in ice-cream cones

This paper considers linear systems which are positively invariant in a second-order cone (ice-cream cone). Three problems are addressed: (i) stability; (ii) performance; (iii) state feedback design for stabilisation and optimal performance while preserving cone invariance. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions via Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) for the solution of problems (i) and (ii). As for problem (iii), a full parametrization of feasible state feedback gains is provided, along with some LMI relaxations useful to compute a feasible gain. Finally, a numerical example is briefly discussed.

Hyperbolic efficiency measurement: A conic programming approach

In this paper, we develop a computational procedure for the hyperbolic distance function (HDF) within the nonparametric framework of data envelopment analysis. We convert the nonlinear HDF model under variable returns to scale into an equivalent conic optimization problem with linear constraints plus a “toppled ice cream” cone constraint that can be efficiently solved by specialized interior point methods in about the same time as a linear program. Applying the dual of an ice cream cone, we formulate a multiplier based (dual) HDF model. We elaborate on the structural details of both primal and dual HDF models through geometrical figures. We apply our method to measure the performance of a sample of US banks.

Friendship: Correspondences

Perhaps Adorno and Kracauer were more than friends, at least for a time, but their letters are where this project Friendship: Correspondences began. While the above excerpt is quite raw in its tone, other letters by “Friedel” and “Teddie,” as they called each other, are more scholarly—tinged with a cool professionalism that requires us never-intended readers to sense the pain and longing beneath and between the lines. All of their correspondences, though, are the between of these thinkers’ finished and published works. Friendship, it becomes clear, is often an unseen condition of scholarly and creative production—until you die and become an archive, that is. Through this dossier’s exchanges and correspondences, we seek to make friendship visible for the living.The works in the following pages range in tone from an ice cream cone shared on a hot day to passionate debates carried long into the night, moments we share with our friends. Thomas Laqueur asks, “Why is a dog a man’s best friend?,” charting answers through ancient history, art, and literature. Laqueur’s human best friend, Alexander Nehamas, responds to the question and Laqueur’s text, offering playful insight and new questions for consideration. Friends and artists Amy Fung-yi Lee and Kiran Chandra carry out a visual conversation, again starting with a question: “How do you draw a frog?” And in “‘A Picture of Peace,’” Courtney Sato explores the politics of friendship in the interwar Pacific via intimate archives of scrapbooks and correspondences. The dossier concludes with an experimental text composed by myself and editorial board member and former chief editor Simone Stirner over the course of a few weeks, in which we grapple with friendship as a concept that seemingly resists presence, all while navigating our own needs for belonging and recognition.Friendship, in these pieces, is made visible, quite literally, not only through the publication of correspondence but also through the production and engagement with visual art: paintings, drawings, etchings, and photography. Between these images and words, friendship perhaps achieves the enduring presence Kracauer wished for, or not.

The Truth About Mrs Marshall

We are all familiar today with the names of celebrity chefs. They can be so well-known that a first name is enough to identify them: two from Britian that imme­diately spring to mind are Nigella and Delia. Their surnames, Lawson and Smith, are unnecessary. In the Victorian era another celebrity cook was born with the surname Smith. She achieved fame, however, under her married name: Mrs Agnes Bertha Marshall, and was more famous in her day than Mrs Beeton. She published cookery books, lectured and gave public demonstrations on the subject. She edited a magazine called The Table and, with her husband, ran a cookery school in Mortimer Street, Westminster. She popularized the making of ice-cream with her patent inventions, and is credited with devising the first ice-cream cone for one of her recipes. But, as so often happens, her name and achievements faded from public memory after her death in 1905. This article augments what we know about Mrs. Marshall.

Geometry and Proportional Reasoning in Agriculture

As you are enjoying your favorite icecream cone or sundae, take a moment to think about where your ice cream came from. If you have never visited a dairy farm, you might have a quaint image of a person sitting on a stool, milking a cow by hand into a metal pail. However, technological advances have automated many aspects of dairy farming, including processes for efficient milking. A rotary milking parlor is one such technology currently in use.

Atraumatic Extraction and immediate implant placement into infected site with the “ice cream cone” technique and L-PRF: A Case Report

Atraumatic Extraction and immediate implant placement into infected site with the “ice cream cone” technique and L-PRF: A Case Report

Radial distributions of magnetic field strength in the solar corona as derived from data on fast halo CMEs

In recent years, information about the distance between the body of rapid coronal mass ejection (CME) and the associated shock wave has been used to measure the magnetic field in the solar corona. In all cases, this tech-nique allows us to find coronal magnetic field radial profiles B(R) applied to the directions almost perpendicular to the line of sight. We have determined radial distributions of magnetic field strength along the directions close to the Sun–Earth axis. For this purpose, using the “ice-cream cone” model and SOHO/LASCO data, we found 3D characteristics for fast halo coronal mass ejections (HCMEs) and for HCME-related shocks. With these data we managed to obtain the B(R) distributions as far as ≈43 solar radii from the Sun’s center, which is approximately twice as far as those in other studies based on LASCO data. We have concluded that to improve the accuracy of this method for finding the coronal magnetic field we should develop a technique for detecting CME sites moving in the slow and fast solar wind. We propose a technique for selecting CMEs whose central (paraxial) part actually moves in the slow wind.

Радиальные распределения величины магнитного поля в солнечной короне, полученные с использованием сведений о быстрых гало-КВМ

In recent years, information about the distance between the body of rapid coronal mass ejection (CME) and the associated shock wave has been used to measure the magnetic field in the solar corona. In all cases, this tech-nique allows us to find coronal magnetic field radial profiles B(R) applied to the directions almost perpendicular to the line of sight. We have determined radial distributions of magnetic field strength along the directions close to the Sun–Earth axis. For this purpose, using the “ice-cream cone” model and SOHO/LASCO data, we found 3D characteristics for fast halo coronal mass ejections (HCMEs) and for HCME-related shocks. With these data we managed to obtain the B(R) distributions as far as ≈43 solar radii from the Sun’s center, which is approximately twice as far as those in other studies based on LASCO data. We have concluded that to improve the accuracy of this method for finding the coronal magnetic field we should develop a technique for detecting CME sites moving in the slow and fast solar wind. We propose a technique for selecting CMEs whose central (paraxial) part actually moves in the slow wind.

Vestibular schwannomas: Accuracy of tumor volume estimated by ice cream cone formula using thin-sliced MR images.

PurposeWe estimated the volume of vestibular schwannomas by an ice cream cone formula using thin-sliced magnetic resonance images (MRI) and compared the estimation accuracy among different estimating formulas and between different models.MethodsThe study was approved by a local institutional review board. A total of 100 patients with vestibular schwannomas examined by MRI between January 2011 and November 2015 were enrolled retrospectively. Informed consent was waived. Volumes of vestibular schwannomas were estimated by cuboidal, ellipsoidal, and spherical formulas based on a one-component model, and cuboidal, ellipsoidal, Linskey’s, and ice cream cone formulas based on a two-component model. The estimated volumes were compared to the volumes measured by planimetry. Intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver agreement was tested. Estimation error, including absolute percentage error (APE) and percentage error (PE), was calculated. Statistical analysis included intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), linear regression analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and paired t-tests with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.ResultsOverall tumor size was 4.80 ± 6.8 mL (mean ±standard deviation). All ICCs were no less than 0.992, suggestive of high intraobserver reproducibility and high interobserver agreement. Cuboidal formulas significantly overestimated the tumor volume by a factor of 1.9 to 2.4 (P ≤ 0.001). The one-component ellipsoidal and spherical formulas overestimated the tumor volume with an APE of 20.3% and 29.2%, respectively. The two-component ice cream cone method, and ellipsoidal and Linskey’s formulas significantly reduced the APE to 11.0%, 10.1%, and 12.5%, respectively (all P < 0.001).ConclusionThe ice cream cone method and other two-component formulas including the ellipsoidal and Linskey’s formulas allow for estimation of vestibular schwannoma volume more accurately than all one-component formulas.

Pelvic reconstructions following peri-acetabular bone tumour resections using a cementless ice-cream cone prosthesis with dual mobility cup.

Despite numerous reconstructive techniques and prosthetic devices, pelvic reconstructions following peri-acetabular malignant tumours resections are highly challenging. In the present study, we describe our experience with the Integra® (Lépine, Genay, France) ice-cream cone prosthesis in such indications. The objective was to assess the mid-term outcomes of this device. Twenty-four patients' chart with peri-acetabular malignant tumours, who underwent types II or II + III peri-acetabular resections according to Enneking and Dunham with subsequent reconstruction using the Integra® prosthesis between February 2009 and February 2015, were reviewed. Seventeen cases were primary surgeries and seven cases were revisions (i.e., failures of previous reconstructions for pelvic tumours). All living patients with the prosthesis implanted were functionally assessed, using the musculoskeletal tumour society (MSTS) and Postel-Merle d'Aubigné (PMA) scores. After a mean follow-up of 49 ± 26months (range, 8 to 94months), 21 patients were alive (88%), including 15 patients continuously disease-free (63%). MSTS and PMA scores averaged 72 ± 13% (range, 43 to 87%) and 14.6 ± 2.6 (range, 9 to 18), respectively. Fourteen patients (58%) presented at least one complication during follow-up, including four cases of deep infection (17%), four cases of dislocation (17%), and two mechanical failures (8%). At 5years, the implant survival rate was 75%. In comparison to previous reconstructive techniques that we used in similar indications, functional and oncologic outcomes were improved with the Integra® implant. However, as commonly observed in pelvic bone tumour surgery, complication rates remain significant. Therapeutic, Level IV-Retrospective Cases Series.

Works On Paper

Works On Paper Wayne Thiebaud (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution Cakes No. 1 (1967), pastel and graphite, 14 x 17 inches. Private collection. Courtesy of Guggenheim, Asher Associates. © Wayne Thiebaud/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY Click for larger view View full resolution Three Roads (1983), charcoal, 22 1/4 x 30 inches. Private collection. © Wayne Thiebaud/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY Click for larger view View full resolution Diagonal City (1978), graphite, 29 1/8 x 23 1/4 inches. Collection of Harry W. and Mary Margaret Anderson. © Wayne Thiebaud/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY Click for larger view View full resolution Hamburgers (1964), brush and ink, 20 x 15 1/2 inches. Allan Stone Collection. Courtesy Allan Stone Projects, NY. © Wayne Thiebaud/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY Click for larger view View full resolution Ice Cream Cone (1964), graphite, 11 x 14 inches. Collection of Gretchen and John Berggruen, San Francisco. Photography courtesy of The Morgan Library & Museum. Photography by Graham S. Haber 2017. © Wayne Thiebaud/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY Click for larger view View full resolution Dog (1967), graphite, 7 1/8 x 9 1/8 inches. Private collection. ©Wayne Thiebaud/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY Click for larger view View full resolution Self Portrait (ca. 1970), graphite, 11 1/4 x 9 inches. From the artist's studio. © Wayne Thiebaud/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY Wayne Thiebaud KAREN WILKIN is a curator and critic specializing in 20th-century modernism. She writes regularly for The Hopkins Review, Hudson Review, The New Criterion, and The Wall Street Journal. Recent projects include retrospective exhibitions of John Graham and of Hans Hofmann's works on paper. She was a contributor to the monograph Wayne Thiebaud, published by Rizzoli in 2015. Ms. Wilkin teaches in the MFA program of the New York Studio School. Copyright © 2018 Michael Brown

Dude! by Aaron Reynolds

Reviewed by: Dude! by Aaron Reynolds Elizabeth Bush Reynolds, AaronDude!; illus. by Dan Santat. Porter/Roaring Brook, 2018 40p ISBN 978-1-62672-603-1 $17.99 R 2-6 yrs A beaver and a platypus grab their surfboards and, ignoring the warning sign at water's edge, head straight into the ocean to catch waves with a joyful shout, [End Page 349] "Duuude!" There are no waves, but there is a shark, and though they furiously paddle toward shore ("DUUUUUDE!"), they can't outswim the shark, who looms up behind them with a tear in its eye. Realizing it's better to make friends than enemies with the shark, the beaver paddles back for an ice cream cone, the platypus procures an extra board, their new saw-toothed buddy emerges in a pair of board shorts, and the waves roll in. Looks like a great day ahead until they wipe out on the rocks behind the unheeded warning sign. Dude! indeed. Despite the shattered boards, they can salvage their friendship and fun by surfing on the shark's back, scaring everyone off the beach, and sharing multi-scoop cones and a brilliant sunset. The story itself is slight but charming, and the true pleasure, of course, will lie in audience participation—supplying the perfectly nuanced "Dude" at just the right moment. Santat's cast is fabulously expressive, and even without broad hints from the speech bubbles' fonts, sizes, and colors, kids will have no problem keying audio to visuals. Flouting every cautionary lesson in beach safety is a whole lot of fun. EB Copyright © 2017 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

An operational solar wind prediction system transitioning fundamental science to operations

We present in this paper an operational solar wind prediction system. The system is an outcome of the collaborative efforts between scientists in research communities and forecasters at Space Environment Prediction Center (SEPC) in China. This system is mainly composed of three modules: (1) a photospheric magnetic field extrapolation module, along with the Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA) empirical method, to obtain the background solar wind speed and the magnetic field strength on the source surface; (2) a modified Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry (HAF) kinematic module for simulating the propagation of solar wind structures in the interplanetary space; and (3) a coronal mass ejection (CME) detection module, which derives CME parameters using the ice-cream cone model based on coronagraph images. By bridging the gap between fundamental science and operational requirements, our system is finally capable of predicting solar wind conditions near Earth, especially the arrival times of the co-rotating interaction regions (CIRs) and CMEs. Our test against historical solar wind data from 2007 to 2016 shows that the hit rate (HR) of the high-speed enhancements (HSEs) is 0.60 and the false alarm rate (FAR) is 0.30. The mean error (ME) and the mean absolute error (MAE) of the maximum speed for the same period are −73.9 km s−1 and 101.2 km s−1, respectively. Meanwhile, the ME and MAE of the arrival time of the maximum speed are 0.15 days and 1.27 days, respectively. There are 25 CMEs simulated and the MAE of the arrival time is 18.0 h.

A Monster CME Obscuring a Demon Star Flare

Abstract We explore the scenario of a coronal mass ejection (CME) being the cause of the observed continuous X-ray absorption of the 1997 August 30 superflare on the eclipsing binary Algol (the Demon Star). The temporal decay of the absorption is consistent with absorption by a CME undergoing self-similar evolution with uniform expansion velocity. We investigate the kinematic and energetic properties of the CME using the ice cream cone model for its three-dimensional structure in combination with the observed profile of the hydrogen column density decline with time. Different physically justified length scales were used that allowed us to estimate lower and upper limits of the possible CME characteristics. Further consideration of the maximum available magnetic energy in starspots leads us to quantify its mass as likely lying in the range g and kinetic energy in the range erg. The results are in reasonable agreement with extrapolated relations between flare X-ray fluence and CME mass and kinetic energy derived for solar CMEs.

The Significance of the Influence of the CME Deflection in Interplanetary Space on the CME Arrival at Earth

Abstract As one of the most violent astrophysical phenomena, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have strong potential space weather effects. However, not all Earth-directed CMEs encounter the Earth and produce geo-effects. One reason is the deflected propagation of CMEs in interplanetary space. Although there have been several case studies clearly showing such deflections, it has not yet been statistically assessed how significantly the deflected propagation would influence the CME’s arrival at Earth. We develop an integrated CME-arrival forecasting (iCAF) system, assembling the modules of CME detection, three-dimensional (3D) parameter derivation, and trajectory reconstruction to predict whether or not a CME arrives at Earth, and we assess the deflection influence on the CME-arrival forecasting. The performance of iCAF is tested by comparing the two-dimensional (2D) parameters with those in the Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop (CDAW) Data Center catalog, comparing the 3D parameters with those of the gradual cylindrical shell model, and estimating the success rate of the CME Earth-arrival predictions. It is found that the 2D parameters provided by iCAF and the CDAW catalog are consistent with each other, and the 3D parameters derived by the ice cream cone model based on single-view observations are acceptable. The success rate of the CME-arrival predictions by iCAF with deflection considered is about 82%, which is 19% higher than that without deflection, indicating the importance of the CME deflection for providing a reliable forecasting. Furthermore, iCAF is a worthwhile project since it is a completely automatic system with deflection taken into account.

A new species of Pectinaria (Annelida, Pectinariidae), with a key to pectinariids from the South China Sea.

Pectinariidae is a family of polychaetes building unique ice-cream cone shaped sandy tubes. Pectinaria torquata sp. n. (Pectinariidae) is described from the coastal waters of the northern South China Sea. This new species can be distinguished from all other 25 recognized species in the genus by a combination of characters: 16 chaetigers; 26–32 cirri in the cephalic veil; 11–12 pairs of cephalic spines; uncini with major teeth arranged in two rows, each with 7–8 major teeth; presence of a dorsal posterior lobe on segments 2 and 20; 4–5 pairs of curved scaphal hooks; and an anal flap with a crenulated margin. A key to all recognized pectinariids in the South China Sea is provided.