Ibuprofen Sodium Salt Research Articles

Study on mixed association behaviour of sodium salt of ibuprofen (IBF) and TX-165 mixture in different media

Study on mixed association behaviour of sodium salt of ibuprofen (IBF) and TX-165 mixture in different media

Organic Nucleation: Water Rearrangement Reveals the Pathway of Ibuprofen.

The organic nucleation of the pharmaceutical ibuprofen is investigated, as triggered by the protonation of ibuprofen sodium salt at elevated pH. The growth and aggregation of nanoscale solution species by Analytical Ultracentrifugation and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations is tracked. Both approaches reveal solvated molecules, oligomers, and prenucleation clusters, their size as well as their hydration at different reaction stages. By combining surface-specific vibrational spectroscopy and MD simulations, water interacting with ibuprofen at the air-water interface during nucleation is probed. The results show the structure of water changes upon ibuprofen protonation in response to the charge neutralization. Remarkably, the water structure continues to evolve despite the saturation of protonated ibuprofen at the hydrophobic interface. This further water rearrangement is associated with the formation of larger aggregates of ibuprofen molecules at a late prenucleation stage. The nucleation of ibuprofen involves ibuprofen protonation and their hydrophobic assembly. The results highlight that these processes are accompanied by substantial water reorganization. The critical role of water is possibly relevant for organic nucleation in aqueous environments in general.

Biomimetic Apatite/Natural Polymer Composite Granules as Multifunctional Dental Tissue Regenerative Material

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of novel composite biomaterials designed for dental applications, aiming to potentially address the prevalent challenge of dental and periodontal tissue loss. The composites consisted of biomimetic hydroxyapatite (mHA) enriched with Mg2+, CO32−, and Zn2+ ions, type I collagen, alginate, and, additionally, chitosan and sericin. The granules were loaded with ibuprofen sodium salt. The investigation encompassed a morphology characterization, a porosity analysis, a chemical structure assessment, and an examination of the swelling behavior, drug release kinetics (ibuprofen), and release profiles of zinc and magnesium ions. The granules exhibited irregular surfaces with an enhanced homogeneity in the chitosan-coated granules and well-developed mesoporous structures. The FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of ibuprofen sodium, despite overlapping bands for the polymers. The granules demonstrated a high water-absorption capacity, with delayed swelling observed in the chitosan-coated granules. Ibuprofen displayed burst-release profiles, especially in the G1 and G3 samples. In the case of the chitosan-coated granules (G2 and G4), lower amounts of ibuprofen were released. In turn, there was a significant difference in the released amount of magnesium and zinc ions from the granules, which was most likely caused by their different location in the hydroxyapatite crystals. The cytotoxicity assays confirmed the non-cytotoxic behavior of the biomaterial. These findings suggest the potential applicability of these biomaterials in dental scenarios, emphasizing their multifunctional and biocompatible nature.

MIL-53(Al)@HC nanohybrid for bicomponent adsorption of ibuprofen and metsulfuron-methyl: Application of macro- and microscopic models and competition between contaminants

In this work, a hybrid was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment, metal-organic framework functionalized with hydrochar (MIL-53(Al)@HC) for the adsorption of two organic molecules Ibuprofen sodium salt and Metsulfuron-methyl, in binary system. The hybrid is composed of 71 wt% biomass and 29 wt% MOF. TGA, BET, FTIR, XRD and XPS characterization techniques were used to verify the hybridization of MIL-53(Al)@HC. The MIL-53(Al)@HC hybrid showed in situ MIL-53(Al) crystal growth capability. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorbate concentration, contact time and temperature effect. The results obtained under extreme conditions demonstrate that MIL-53(Al)@HC is an adsorbent capable of removing >98% of IBU and MTM in mixture at a concentration of 0.3 mM (68 ppm IBU and 115 ppm MTM). The pseudo-second order model adequately described the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium using the Sips and Freundlich models. The physico-statistical microscopic model (2-layer) corroborated the hypothesis of a multilayer adsorption proposed by the macroscopic Freundlich model. In the competition study between IBU and MTM, both antagonistic and synergistic effects were observed. In the thermodynamic study, positive values of (ΔH°) indicate that adsorption is endothermic in nature and that the dominant mechanism is physisorption. A mechanism of adsorption by hydrogen bridging and non-covalent π*-π adsorbate-adsorbate and adsorbate-adsorbate-adsorbate interactions was proposed. The desorption study shows that in 5 washing cycles MIL-53(Al)@HC is a recoverable material.

Mixed Edge Activators in Ibuprofen-Loaded Transfersomes: An Innovative Optimization Strategy Using Box-Behnken Factorial Design.

Transfersomes have been highlighted as an interesting nanotechnology-based approach to facilitate the skin delivery of bioactive compounds. Nevertheless, the properties of these nanosystems still need to be improved to enable knowledge transfer to the pharmaceutical industry and the development of more efficacious topical medicines. Quality-by-design strategies, such as Box-Behnken factorial design (BBD), are in line with the current need to use sustainable processes to develop new formulations. Thus, this work aimed at optimizing the physicochemical properties of transfersomes for cutaneous applications, by applying a BBD strategy to incorporate mixed edge activators with opposing hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB). Tween® 80 and Span® 80 were used as edge activators and ibuprofen sodium salt (IBU) was selected as the model drug. After the initial screening of the IBU solubility in aqueous media, a BBD protocol was implemented, and the optimized formulation displayed appropriate physicochemical properties for skin delivery. By comparing the optimized transfersomes to equivalent liposomes, the incorporation of mixed edge activators was found to be beneficial to upgrade the storage stability of the nanosystems. Furthermore, their cytocompatibility was shown by cell viability studies using 3D HaCaT cultures. Altogether, the data herein bode well for future advances in the use of mixed edge activators in transfersomes for the management of skin conditions.

A chitosan/silica hybrid 3D scaffold for simultaneous entrapment of two different hydrophilic substances

• Chitosan/silica hybrid 3D network scaffolds are obtained by an ionotropic process. • Two hydrophilic substances are simultaneously loaded within the scaffold structure. • The presence of nanostructured silica retards the release of the loaded substances. • Release profiles can be fitted to a dual model with diffusion and swelling terms. We report the preparation of a hybrid chitosan/silica three-dimensional (3D) scaffold loaded simultaneously with two model hydrophilic substances, ibuprofen sodium salt and erioglaucine disodium salt. The first substance is entrapped in situ during the preparation of chitosan submillimetric beads by ionotropic gelation with sodium triphosphate, while the latter is post-loaded during the scaffold formation. Controlled release experiments carried out under neutral conditions demonstrate that the presence of nanostructured silica within the polymer matrix retards the release of both hydrophilic substances and increases the structure stability of the scaffold. Release profiles can be fitted to a two-component model with a diffusion-controlled term (Korsmeyer-Peppas model), which dominates the release of the post-loaded substance, and a second swelling/erosion term, which becomes relevant for the in situ entrapped drug.

Evaluation of the Structural Modification of Ibuprofen on the Penetration Release of Ibuprofen from a Drug-in-Adhesive Matrix Type Transdermal Patch.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chemical modifications of the structure of active compounds on the skin permeation and accumulation of ibuprofen [IBU] from the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive used as a drug-in-adhesives matrix type transdermal patch. The active substances tested were ibuprofen salts obtained by pairing the ibuprofen anion with organic cations, such as amino acid isopropyl esters. The structural modification of ibuprofen tested were Ibuprofen sodium salt, [GlyOiPr][IBU], [AlaOiPr][IBU], [ValOiPr][IBU], [SerOiPr][IBU], [ThrOiPr][IBU], [(AspOiPr)2][IBU], [LysOiPr][IBU], [LysOiPr][IBU]2, [PheOiPr][IBU], and [ProOiPr][IBU]. For comparison, the penetration of unmodified ibuprofen and commercially available patches was also investigated. Thus, twelve transdermal patches with new drug modifications have been developed whose adhesive carrier is an acrylate copolymer. The obtained patches were characterized for their adhesive properties and tested for permeability of the active substance. Our results show that the obtained ibuprofen patches demonstrate similar permeability to commercial patches compared to those with structural modifications of ibuprofen. However, these modified patches show an increased drug permeability of 2.3 to even 6.4 times greater than unmodified ibuprofen. Increasing the permeability of the active substance and properties such as adhesion, cohesion, and tack make the obtained patches an excellent alternative to commercial patches containing ibuprofen.

Fabrication of Highly Photostable Polystyrene Films Embedded with Organometallic Complexes.

Polystyrene is a common thermoplastic and is produced in different shapes and forms. The scale of manufacture of polystyrene has grown over the years because of its numerous applications and low cost of production. However, it is flammable, brittle, has low resistance to chemicals, and is susceptible to photodegradation on exposure to ultraviolet radiation. There is therefore scope to improve the properties of polystyrene and to extend its useful lifetime. The current work reports the synthesis of organometallic complexes and investigates their use as photostabilizers for polystyrene. The reaction of excess ibuprofen sodium salt and appropriate metal chlorides in boiling methanol gave the corresponding complexes excellent yields. The organometallic complexes (0.5% by weight) were added to polystyrene and homogenous thin films were made. The polystyrene films blended with metal complexes were irradiated with ultraviolet light for extended periods of time and the stabilizing effects of the additives were assessed. The infrared spectroscopy, weight loss, depression in molecular weight, and surface morphology of the irradiated blends containing organometallic complexes were investigated. All the synthesized organometallic complexes acted as photostabilizers for polystyrene. The damage (e.g., formation of small polymeric fragments, decrease in weight and molecular weight, and irregularities in the surface) that took place in the polystyrene blends was much lower in comparison to the pure polystyrene film. The manganese-containing complex was very effective in stabilizing polystyrene and was superior to cobalt and nickel complexes.

Chabazite from Campanian Ignimbrite Tuff as a Potential and Sustainable Remediation Agent for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Water

The technological performance of a chabazite-rich rock belonging to the Campanian Ignimbrite formation, outcropping in the nearby of San Mango sul Calore (southern Italy), has been evaluated for the sorption and release of ibuprofen sodium salt after a surface modification of the starting geomaterial using two different chlorinated surfactants. Equilibrium sorption isotherms and in vitro loading tests demonstrated that the maximum sorption capacities of this geomaterial reach up to 24.5 and 13.5 mg/g, respectively, for zeolite modified with cetylpyridinium and benzalkonium. These results, obtained by non-linear mathematical modeling of the experimental curves, are definitely compatible with the concentrations of the most common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen) in wastewaters, which have been recently considered as contaminants of emerging concern. This investigation also encourages a new possible sustainable exploitation of the lithified yellow facies of Campanian Ignimbrite, although future developments will be focused on using more stable and eco-friendlier two-tailed surfactants.

Anchoring Drugs to a Zinc(II) Coordination Polymer Network: Exploiting Structural Rationale toward the Design of Metallogels for Drug-Delivery Applications.

A new series of coordination polymers (CPs) were synthesized and crystallographically characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with the aim of developing drug-delivery systems via metallogel formation. Structural rationale was employed to design such coordination-polymer-based metallogels. As many as nine CPs were obtained by reacting two bis(pyridyl)urea ligands, namely, 1,3-dipyridin-3-ylurea (3U) and 1,3-dipyridin-4-ylurea (4U), and the sodium salt of various nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, namely, ibuprofen (IBU), naproxen (NAP), fenoprofen (FEN), diclofenac (DIC), meclofenamic acid (MEC), mefenamic acid (MEF), and Zn(NO3)2. All of the CPs displayed 1D polymeric chains that were self-assembled through various hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the urea N-H and carboxylate O atoms and, in a few cases, lattice-occluded water molecules. The reacting components of the CPs produced five metallogels in dimethyl sulfoxide/water. The gels were characterized by rheology and transmission electron microscopy. Three selected metallogelators, namely, 3UMEFg, 3UNAPg, and 3UMECg, showed in vitro anticancer, cell imaging, and multidrug delivery for antibacterial applications, respectively. The shear-thinning properties of 3UMECg (rheoreversibility and injectability) make it a potential candidate for plausible topical application.

Influence of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) on PVA-Poly-N-hydroxyethyl-aspartamide (PVA-PHEA) Microcrystalline Solid Dispersion Films

This study was conducted to formulate buccal films consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly-N-hydroxyethyl-aspartamide (PHEA), to improve the dissolution of the drug through the oral mucosa. Ibuprofen sodium salt was used as a model drug, and the buccal film was expected to enhance its dissolution rate. Two different concentrations of PVA (5% w/v and 7.5% w/v) were used. Solvent casting was used to prepare films, where a solution consisting of drug and polymer was cast and allowed to dry. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the properties of films. In vitro dissolution studies were also conducted to investigate drug release. SEM studies showed that films containing a higher concentration of PVA had larger particles in microrange. FTIR studies confirmed the presence of the drug in films and indicated that ibuprofen sodium did not react with polymers. DSC studies confirmed the crystalline form of ibuprofen sodium when incorporated within films. In vitro dissolution studies found that the dissolution percentage of ibuprofen sodium alone was increased when incorporated within the film from 59 to 74%. This study led to the development of solid microcrystalline dispersion as a buccal film with a faster dissolution rate than the drug alone overcoming problem of poor solubility.

Thermosensitive Micellar Hydrogels as Vehicles to Deliver Drugs With Different Wettability.

The design of adaptable drug delivery systems able to encapsulate and release drugs with different wettability has been attracting widespread interest. Additionally, many attempts have been made to tune hydrophobic/hydrophilic drug release kinetics over time, avoiding the so-called burst release. In this scenario, hydrogels resulting from the assembly of micellar structures showing a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell could represent a promising alternative to design versatile drug vehicles. In this regard, this work aimed at designing new thermosensitive micellar hydrogels starting from a custom-made amphiphilic poly(ether urethane) (PEU). Specifically, a commercial triblock copolymer (Poloxamer® 407), selected to ensure the temperature-driven chain arrangement into micelles, was reacted with 1,6-diisocyanatohexane and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol. The successful PEU synthesis was proved by size-exclusion chromatography (w 50000 Da) and infrared spectroscopy. Subsequently, the wettability-driven drug arrangement within the micelle network as well as the influence of drug-loading on the resultant formulation thermosensitivity was investigated by selecting ibuprofen (IBU) and ibuprofen sodium salt (IBUSS) as hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, respectively. Specifically, growing drug amounts were loaded into PEU solutions, and the average hydrodynamic micelle diameters and the critical micellar temperatures (CMT) were measured. Systems containing IBU at the highest tested concentration (i.e., 20 mg/mL) showed a significantly higher micelle average diameter (58.2 ± 4.7 nm) and a remarkably lower CMT (8.9°C) with respect to both the control (40.1 ± 1.4 nm and 21.6°C) and IBUSS-loaded formulations (37.3 ± 2.1 nm and 22.4°C). Then, the influence of drug encapsulation on the temperature at which micelles begin to aggregate was rheologically assessed, showing that IBU-loading induced a decrease in this parameter (14.6, 8.7, and 13.7°C for virgin, IBU-loaded, and IBUSS-loaded hydrogel, respectively). Finally, IBU and IBUSS releasing mechanism was analysed using the Korsmayer–Peppas model (n value of 0.63 ± 0.007 and 0.89 ± 0.003 for IBU- and IBUSS-loaded gels, respectively). Thanks to their micellar organisation, the here-developed hydrogel platform allowed the encapsulation of a high number of molecules with different wettability. Additionally, these systems exhibited tunable payload-releasing time without burst release and open the way toward the engineering of smart systems for the sustained co-delivery of multiple drugs in a target tissue/organ.

Effect of urea/salt on aggregation and interfacial behavior of ibuprofen sodium salt (NaIB) drug and TX-45 mixtures

In this study, we have inspected the interaction amongst ibuprofen sodium salt (NaIB) drug and pharmaceutical excipients TX-45 (nonionic surfactant) using a tensiometric method in an aqueous/electrolyte (NaCl) (50 mmol.kg−1)/urea (UR) (500 mmol.kg−1) medium. Mixed surfactant systems with fairly noticeable improved interfacial characteristics, such as reduced critical micellar concentration and elevated surface activity, contrasted with their singular constituents. A noteworthy change was detected in the diverse evaluated parameters in this investigation. The decrease in critical micelles concentration (cmc) of the system occurs owing to the attendance of NaCl in the solution, whereas the increase in cmc occurs owing to the presence of UR. The TX-45 (nonionic surfactant) has exceptional surface characteristics in conjunction with a great degree of lower cmc value, revealing its scanty toxicity. The cmc values of mixed systems lessening on an enhancement in the mole fraction (α1) of TX-45, which identifies the nonideality of the studied systems, together with the occurrence of mixed micellization. Negative values of β (interaction parameter) are an indication of the attractive force of interaction amid the constituents in solutions. Electrolyte enhances the overall surface activity of studied system, whereas the UR decreases its surface activity. The ∆G0m values for the entire studied system are observed to be negative in all studied media, along other thermodynamic parameters that were evaluated. Furthermore, the excess free energy (∆Gex) of the studied solutions were assessed and proved to be negative. In addition to tensiometry, fluorescence measurements were performed to evaluate various other micellar parameters such as aggregation number (Nagg) and dielectric constant.

Effect of gelatin protein on self-association behavior of sodium salt of ibuprofen drug in urea solution

Herein, multi-techniques approaches such as conductometry, tensiometry, fluorometry, and FT-IR were engaged to evaluate the interaction between sodium salt of ibuprofen (IB) and gelatin (GN) at 298.15 K in 250 mmol·kg−1 urea (UR) solution. The current employed drug is used for relief of pain. The employed IB drug interacts through GN protein like the interaction between surfactants and polymers. It is clear that the graph obtained from the conductometric and tensiometry methods shows two clear breaks. Urea acts as water structure breaker and their presence in solution enhance in surface charge of aggregates occurs. The obtained first break spot is labeled critical aggregation concentration (cc) which is quit beneath the usual critical micelle concentration (cmc) besides this the subsequently break spot denotes second one is regarded as polymer saturation point (pp) and this akin to cmc. The interaction between IB and GN in UR solution increases as concentration of protein increases in the solution mixtures as clear from their obtained cc value because the value of cc reduces through enhancing the concentration of GN (%w/v), in spite of this the value of pp value increases with increase in concentration of GN means more drug needed for complete saturation of binding site of protein. In UR solution, the Gibbs free energy of micellization (ΔGmic) for singular IB was achieved negative exploring that micellization process is spontaneous in nature. The other different evaluated thermodynamic parameters such as free energy of aggregation (ΔGagg), free energy of transfer (ΔGt), etc. were found in favor of interaction between IB and GN. Fluorometry technique was utilized to find out the various parameters such as micropolarity, aggregation numbers (Nagg), etc. to verify the interaction amongst studied constituents and with the interaction between them were also assessed by FT-IR study.

Surface modified natural zeolites (SMNZs) as nanocomposite versatile materials for health and environment

The present research deals with the evaluation of a clinoptilolite-rich rock, occurring in the Nižný Hrabovec deposit (Slovakia), for high-value technological applications based on sorption and in vitro release of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (i.e., ibuprofen sodium salt). This georesource was surface modified (SMNZ) using four cationic surfactants. Results demonstrate that ibuprofen sorption is very fast and SMZNs can sorb up to ˜26 mg/g of drug as a function of the type of counterion and morphology of surfactant, as well as the hydrophobicity and molecular structure of the drug. Maximum sorption capacities observed for all SMNZs are fully comparable to other adsorbent carriers usually used for removal of contaminants in wastewaters. Sorption of ibuprofen is controlled by a dual mechanism: external anionic exchange and partition into the hydrophobic portion of the patchy bilayer. A prompt drug release in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) was also observed, making this natural material also suitable to provide rapid soothing effects in potential pharmacological applications.Comparing the results of this study with other recent investigations, a good technological performance of clinoptilolite-rich rock can be inferred despite the relatively low zeolite content (˜56 wt.%).

Investigation of aggregation behavior of ibuprofen sodium drug under the influence of gelatin protein and salt

The interaction of amphiphilic drug ibuprofen sodium salt (IBS) and gelatin (GT) protein have evaluated in the current system by means of conductometric, tensiometric and fluorometric techniques in aqueous as well as in aqueous electrolytes solutions at 298.15 K. IBS is utilized as an analgesic, an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug. Akin to surfactants and polymers interaction drug also interacts through gelatin. For that reason, in the present study, we have evaluated the drug IBS and gelatin (GT) interaction by means of conductimetry, tensiometry as fluorometry in aqueous along with in occurrence of additive (sodium chloride (NaCl)) at 298.15 K. From the graphs of specific conductivity against IBS concentration in case of conductivity and from the plots of surface tension (γ) vs. log IBS concentration, two break point was achieved in the occurrence of GT in absence and the presence of additives. The achieved primary cut-off point is entitled critical aggregation concentration (cc) that obtained lower than the characteristic critical micelle concentration (cmc) and the attained a subsequent cut-off point means the second one is entitled polymer saturation point (pp) i.e. resembling cmc. The interaction amongst IBS and GT occurs as a result of the well formation of the surface active complex by drug and GT as revealed via lessening of γ of gelatin solution through the addition of IBS in all different media. NaCl increases the interaction of IBS-GT mixtures. The achieved cc value of drug and gelatin mixtures reduce via raising the GT concentration (%w/v), while their pp value enhances viewing the clear interaction amid IBS and GT. Free energies of aggregation (ΔGagg) along with micellization (ΔGmic) were also assessed and discussed. Fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to evaluate the aggregation numbers (Nagg) of IBS and IBS-GT mixtures in the absence and occurrence of additive.

Surface-modified phillipsite-rich tuff from the Campania region (southern Italy) as a promising drug carrier: An ibuprofen sodium salt trial

Surface-modified phillipsite-rich tuff from the Campania region (southern Italy) as a promising drug carrier: An ibuprofen sodium salt trial

Aggregation behavior of sodium salt of ibuprofen with conventional and gemini surfactant

Aggregation behavior of sodium salt of ibuprofen (SIBU) and conventional surfactant - hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB) along with gemini surfactant - 1,6-Bis(N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethylammonium)hexane dibromide (16-6-16) mixtures have been carried out at 298.15 K by employing tensiometric method. Different hypothetical models for instance, Clint, Rubingh, as well as, Rosen was engaged to obtain the nature of interaction amid the drug and surfactant in the solution and at the interface. Gemini surfactant is more effective in decreasing the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the drug as compared to conventional surfactant. The mixed systems show lower cmc value in comparison to ideal cmc (cmcid) value representing the non-ideal behavior of present solution mixture of drug and surfactant. The nonideality of the mixed system also stated in terms of the interaction parameter (βm/βσ). Additional parameters concerning tensiometry methods, for instance, micellar mole fraction of mixed micelles/mixed interface (X1m/X1σ), area occupied per amphiphile molecule (Amin), surface excess concentration (Γmax), etc. were computed and discussed one by one. Packing parameters were also evaluated and discussed. The ΔGom and ΔGoads values for every studied solution were achieved to be negative i.e., micellization, as well as adsorption processes, are energetically favorable and the value of ΔGoads were more negative than their corresponding ΔGom, showing that work is done in transferring the amphiphilic monomers from interface to the micellar stage across the aqueous solution to form micelles.

Aggregation of sodium salt of ibuprofen and sodium taurocholate mixture in different media: A tensiometry and fluorometry study

Abstract Interaction of anionic bile salt sodium taurocholate (NaTaC) and anionic anti-inflammatory drug sodium salt of ibuprofen (NaIBU) in aqueous solutions together with in occurrence of 100 mmmol kg−1 NaCl and 250 mmmol kg−1 urea (NH2CONH2) using tensiometric and fluorometric techniques at 298.15 K temperature has been studied. A tensiometry study disclosed decreasing in surface tension (γ) along with critical micelle concentration (cmc) of NaIBU and NaTaC mixture, signifying a noteworthy interaction between studied components. Salt decreases the cmc of amphiphiles whereas urea increases their cmc in comparison to the aqueous solution. The solution mixture of NaIBU and NaTaC shows lower cmc value as compared to ideal cmc ( cmc id ) value indicating the non-ideality in the current studied systems. Other parameters regarding tensiometric technique such as micellar mole fraction of mixed micelles/mixed interface (X1m/X1σ), micellar/surface interaction parameter (βm/βσ), activity coefficients (f1m/f1σ and f2m/f2σ) of the mixed micelles/mixed interface, surface excess concentration ( Γ max ), excess Gibbs energy of mixed monolayer/mixed micelle formation ( Δ G ex σ / Δ G ex m ) etc. were estimated. The non-ideality of mixing expressed in terms of the interaction parameter (βm/βσ). Various thermodynamic parameters for current systems in all different media were obtained and discussed in detail. The aggregation number (Nagg), as well as other related parameters regarding fluorescence study, were also evaluated. The higher values of Nagg show the being of hydrophobic interactions along with sustains synergism.

Effect of additives (TX-114) on micellization and microstructural phenomena of amphiphilic ibuprofen drug (sodium salt): Multi-technique approach

Interactions between anionic drug sodium salt of ibuprofen (IBU) and nonionic surfactant Triton X-114 (TX-114) micelles have been explored by means of surface tension, fluorometry and 1H NMR techniques in aqueous and in the occurrence of 250 mmol kg−1 urea (NH2CONH2). IBU is anti-inflammatory drug having analgesic as well as antipyretic property. The various mixed micelles, mixed monolayer as well as thermodynamic parameters like critical micelle concentration (cmc), interaction parameter in solution/interface (βm/βσ), maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax), Gibb's free energy of micellization (ΔGm), Gibb's free energy of adsorption (ΔGads), excess free energy of aggregation/interface (ΔGexm/ΔGexσ) etc. have been estimated as well as discussed. Due to the presence of urea cmc values of pure as well as mixed amphiphiles systems increases owing to enrichment in the surface electron density of the micelles or mixed micelles. The values of βm/βσ were found to be negative in solution/interface at all studied composition showing the attractive interaction between the constituent in both media (aqueous/250 mmol kg−1 urea). The negative values of ΔGm and ΔGads demonstrate that micelle formation, as well as adsorption at the air/water interfacial surface, is energetically supportive. Mixed interfacial surface are wealthy in TX-114, showing a stable as well as packed adsorbed mixed surfaces of a solution. The micelle aggregation numbers (Nagg) and various others related parameters were evaluated by means of fluorescence quenching method that indicate the contribution of TX-114 was always more than that of the drug (IBU). The interactions between the studied components were additionally studied by 1H NMR spectroscopic method which recommended that drug and surfactant interact via hydrophobic interaction in absence and occurrence of NH2CONH2.