Adsorption Of Ibuprofen Research Articles

Hybrid chitosan/molecularly imprinted polymer hydrogel beads doped with iron for selective ibuprofen adsorption

Pharmaceutical pollutants are a group of emerging contaminants frequently found in water streams. In this study, the composite chitosan beads with incorporated molecularly imprinted polymers (monoliths or microparticles) and iron(III) hydroxide were fabricated to remove ibuprofen from aqueous solutions. The adsorptive properties were investigated in different conditions to evaluate the influence of solution pH, adsorbent dose, ibuprofen initial concentration, adsorption time, and temperature. The highest adsorption capacity (79.41 mg g−1), about twice as large as that for the chitosan beads without polymers (39.42 mg g−1), was obtained for the ones containing monoliths imprinted with ibuprofen. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 103.93 mg g−1 was obtained based on the experiments in optimal pH 5. The adsorption of ibuprofen on the hybrid hydrogel beads followed the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The process was found as endothermic and thermodynamically spontaneous. The adsorbent with a molecularly imprinted polymer retained its selectivity in the presence of other molecules. The imprinted cavities, chitosan functional groups, and iron hydroxide were presumably responsible for interactions with ibuprofen molecules. Additionally, the effectiveness of the adsorbent did not change significantly in real water samples and remained at a satisfactory level for up to four desorption-adsorption cycles.

Reswellable alginate/activated carbon/carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel beads for ibuprofen adsorption from aqueous solutions

In this study, alginate (Alg) composite beads were prepared by blending with activated carbon (AC) to enhance adsorption capacity for ibuprofen and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to create a reswellable hydrogel. The dried Alg/AC/CMC composite beads could be recovered to sizes and morphologies similar to the initial hydrogel states via a simple reswelling process; however, the dried Alg/AC composite beads without CMC could not be recovered to the initial hydrogel state. Following the reswelling process, the dried Alg/AC/CMC beads demonstrated an 86 % recovery (qe = 34.0 mg/g) in the adsorption capacity for ibuprofen compared to the initial hydrogel beads (qe = 39.6). In contrast, the reswelled Alg/AC beads exhibited only 18 % (qe = 8.6) of the initial adsorption capacity (qe = 48.1). We elucidated the effects of the substitution degree of CMC, AC content, and solution pH on the reswelling property and ibuprofen adsorption capacity of the Alg/AC/CMC composite beads. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of the prepared composite beads in the hydrogel and reswelled states fit the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively. Furthermore, the reswelled Alg composite beads exhibited high adsorption capacity (>93 %) after 10 cycles. Taken together, our findings indicate that the Alg/AC/CMC composite beads can be used as adsorbents without a considerable decrease in adsorption performance by reswelling the beads with distilled water after long-term storage in a dry state.

Adsorption of ibuprofen from aqueous solution onto a raw and steam-activated biochar derived from recycled textiles insulation panels at end-of-life: Kinetic, isotherm and fixed-bed experiments

This study explores the potential use of recycled textile biochar (RT-BC) and steam-activated biochar (RT-SABC), derived from insulation panels at end-of-life, as sorbents for removing ibuprofen from aqueous solutions. After steam activation, the surface area and micropore volume increased. Subsequently, kinetic and isotherm experiments were investigated at 20 °C, 200 rpm and 50 mg/L ibuprofen solution. Equilibrium was reached after 24 h for RT-BC and 120 h for RT-SABC. The kinetics of RT-BC and RT-SABC followed the pseudo-first-order and Elovich models, respectively. RT-SABC isotherm showed the highest adsorption capacity (53.9 mg g−1), well-fitted into the Sips model. Ibuprofen uptake by RT-SABC was nearly irreversible. Afterward, RT-SABC dynamic performance was evaluated in a fixed-bed column for three bed heights. The breakthrough point (41.7–476.7 h), the volume of effluent treated (0.6–6.4 L at breakthrough) and adsorption capacity (22.09–39.81 mg g−1) increased with bed height (10–30 cm). Thomas and Clark's models simulated the experimental points, confirming second-order kinetics and Sips isotherm. Different functional groups were involved in the adsorption mechanism. Preliminary experiments in tap water on RT-SABC showed a removal (>83 %) due to ionic strength and reduced pH. Therefore, RT-SABC could be an efficient adsorbent for ibuprofen removal from aqueous systems.

Adsorption of ibuprofen using waste coffee derived carbon architecture: Experimental, kinetic modeling, statistical and bio-inspired optimization

Pharmaceuticals in water are a growing environmental concern, as they can harm aquatic life and human health. To address this issue, an adsorbent made from coffee waste that effectively removes ibuprofen (a common pharmaceutical pollutant) from wastewater was developed. The experimental adsorption phase was planned using a Design of Experiments approach with Box–Behnken strategy. The relation between the ibuprofen removal efficiency and various independent variables, including adsorbent weight (0.01–0.1 g) and pH (3–9), was evaluated via a regression model with 3-level and 4-factors using the Response surface methodology (RSM) . The optimal ibuprofen removal was achieved after 15 min using 0.1 g adsorbent at 32.4 °C and pH = 6.9.Moreover, the process was optimized using two powerful bio-inspired metaheuristics (Bacterial Foraging Optimization and Virus Optimization Algorithm). The adsorption kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics of ibuprofen onto waste coffee-derived activated carbon were modeled at the identified optimal conditions. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were implemented to investigate adsorption equilibrium, and thermodynamic parameters were also calculated. According to the Langmuir isotherm model, the adsorbent's maximum adsorption capacity was 350.00 mg g-1 at 35 °C. The findings revealed that the ibuprofen adsorption was well-matched with the Freundlich isotherm model, indicating multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous sites. The computed positive enthalpy value showed the endothermic nature of ibuprofen adsorption at the adsorbate interface.

Revolutionizing Drug Removal: Green Magnetic Nanoparticles Functionalized with Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents for Anti-Inflammatory Drug Adsorption

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications are popular pharmaceutical and personal products due to their anti-inflammatory properties and ease of availability. However, the complex structure of these pollutants and their existence at low concentration makes them difficult to trace, posing a major challenge in their removal from aquatic environments. Therefore, the disposal and treatment of these emerging compounds have become a key concern in water treatment. In this study, new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) were successfully prepared using a cheap and simple component consist of decanoic acid and 2-pentanol as the hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrogen bond donor, respectively. The prepared HDES was functionalized onto magnetic nanoparticles, namely Fe3O4@HDES, as an efficient adsorbent for diclofenac and ibuprofen. Based on the findings of the cytocompatibility study, HDES offers new possibilities for safe distribution and application. The optimum adsorption conditions, including solution pH, adsorbent amount, and sample volume, were determined using the Taguchi experimental design. The One-Variable-at-a-Time (OVAT) method was used to determine the other parameters, such as the types of adsorbents, contact time, initial concentration, and initial temperature. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that the solution pH played the most significant role in the adsorption of both diclofenac and ibuprofen, followed by the adsorbent amount and sample volume. The characterization involved several tools, including Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Both diclofenac and ibuprofen adsorption followed chemisorption, and the process was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic. Molecular docking also supported the choice of HDES as a functionalized agent by suggesting a schematic diagram of the energetically advantageous adsorption mechanism, which was in good accord with the experimental findings. The interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbates via hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding was found to be accountable for adsorption. The results indicated that green synthesized Fe3O4@HDES offers a possible sustainable and green benefit through the adsorption of diclofenac and ibuprofen from contaminated water as an adsorbent.

Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanospheres for adsorption of ibuprofen from aqueous solution: Optimization by Box–Behnken design

Adsorption is an incredibly productive and efficient way of treating wastewater to eradicate pollutants. Carbon nanospheres (CNS) have drawn a lot of attention in the adsorption industry because of their many active sites and high surface-to-volume ratio. This study focused on using CNS to remove ibuprofen (IBP) from aqueous solutions. The synthesized CNS was examined by BET, FESEM, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, and XRD analyses, and the effects of pH, temperature, adsorption time, initial IBP concentration and amount of adsorbent were further evaluated with a central composite design-based response surface (RSM) methodology. Results showed a high rate of adsorption efficiency (356.899 mg/g). It was also confirmed that chemical adsorption was responsible for binding IBP to CNS. From Langmuir model fitting as well as pseudo-second-order kinetic models, it was established that reaction was both endothermic and exothermic. Lastly, all possible mechanisms of interaction were identified.

Adsorption of Ibuprofen as a pharmaceutical pollutant from aqueous phase using zinc oxide nanoparticles: Green synthesis, batch adsorption and biological activities.

Recent interest has focused on the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles, particularly from plants. The production of precipitate served as an early indicator of the presence in the present study's use of ZnO nanoparticles green synthesis of these particles, which was further validated by; Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, the BET was used to calculate the surface area, which came out to be 119.12 m2 /g. Since the true effects of new pollutants, including medicines, on the environment and human health are not well understood, their presence in aquatic systems poses a severe hazard. For this reason, the antibiotic Ibuprofen (IBP) was absorbable to ZnO-NPs in this search. As opposed to fitting to Langmuir isothermally, the adsorption process was discovered to be pseudo-second-order kinetically, and the reaction was determined to be a chemisorption process. The process was endothermic and spontaneous, according to thermodynamic studies. Maximizing IBP removal from aqueous solution required the use of a Box-Behnken surface statistical design with four components, four levels, and response surface modelling. Solution pH, IBP concentration, duration, and dose were the four parameters that were utilized. The regeneration process, which is employed for five cycles with excellent efficiency, is the best benefit of using ZnO-NPs. Examine the elimination of pollutants from actual samples as well. However, the adsorbent is quite effective at reducing biological activity. At high concentrations of ZnO-NPs demonstrated notable antioxidant activity and RBC hemocompatibility and no discernible hemolysis was seen. ZnO-NPs demonstrated a notable percent suppression of α-amylase up to 53.6 % at 400 μg/mL, and so displayed potential as an antidiabetic. Cyclooxygenase was suppressed by ZnO-NPs in an anti-inflammatory test (COX-1 & COX-2) up to 56.32 and 52.04 % at a concentration of 400 μg/mL, respectively. Significant anti-Alzheimer potential was demonstrated by ZnO-NPs at 400 μg/mL by inhibiting Acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and Butyl cholinesterase (BChE) up to 68.98 ± 1.62% and 62.36% respectively. We came to the conclusion that guava extract is helpful for ZnO-NP reduction and capping. The bioengineered nanoparticles could prevent Alzheimer's, diabetes, and inflammation and were biocompatible. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Deep eutectic solvent PCL-based nanofibers as drug delivery system

Polycaprolactone nanofibers can be promising drug delivery systems. The current study aims to prepare ibuprofen containing polycaprolactone based nanofibrous systems as sustained-release drug delivery systems. Two deep eutectic solvents (choline chloride/acetic acid and choline chloride/glycerine) were used as additive in the electrospinning processes. The morphology of resulted beads-free nanofibers was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy.The ibuprofen adsorption and desorption were investigated using UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The release mechanism of the model drug in vitro was studied through different release kinetic models. Based on the obtained results, the drug release is mostly diffusion controlled. The DES did not affect the adsorption and desorption characteristics, but changes the nanofibers morphology, modifying the strong hydrophobic nature of PCL.

Evaluation of hydroxyapatite-chitosan-magnetite nanocomposites for separation of pharmaceuticals from water: A mechanistic and comparative approach

Binary and ternary composites of hydroxyapatite (HAP), chitosan (CT) and magnetite (MNP) were fabricated to assess the individual role of each constituent and to estimate their optimized proportion for maximizing the adsorption of pharmaceuticals (PCs) from aqueous phase. Batch studies carried out with model ibuprofen (IBU) reveal the significant role of HAP in enhancing the adsorption to binary composites (HAP@CT, HAP@MNP, CT@MNP). Among the HAP@CT composites fabricated with varying proportion, CT proportion of ≧ 50% showed improved adsorptive performance. Highest adsorption of IBU was achieved by the ternary composite of NC6 having a HAP: CT: MNP of 2:5:3. FTIR, VSM, Fe-SEM, TEM studies revealed NC6 to possess magnetic properties, better aqueous phase stability, higher surface area, higher crystallite sized nanoparticles with less agglomeration, and adequate surface functionality as compared to its precursors. The high efficiency and fast kinetics for Ibuprofen (IBU), Deflazacort (DEF), Methylprednisolone (MET) and Norfloxacin (NOR) could be corelated with the structural and physico-chemical nature of the PCs in aqueous phase. Langmuir adsorption capacity of 535.6 mg/g, 833 mg/g, 625 mg/g and 714 mg/g for NOR IBU, MET and DEF respectively was reported with NC6 dosage of 0.01 g/L. NC6 demonstrated faster equilibration time of 30–90 mins with > 85% PCs removal as compared to other reported composites. The results of this study reveal the efficacy of NC6 for fast and high adsorptive removal of diverse types of PCs from both model and hospital wastewater. Also, the reusability and biogenic nature of NC6 is established.

Evaluation of isotherm parameters for adsorption of Chlorpheniramine (CHP), Ibuprofen (IBU) and Glipizide (GLI) using OAC, HAC and BAC of mango kernel seed.

Evaluation of isotherm parameters for adsorption of Chlorpheniramine (CHP), Ibuprofen (IBU) and Glipizide (GLI) using OAC, HAC and BAC of mango kernel seed.

Renewable terpene-based highly porous polymer monoliths for the effective removal of persistent pharmaceuticals of tetracycline and ibuprofen

Adsorptive removal of residual pharmaceuticals from wastewater has become an important issue from an environmental aspect. Macroporous polymer-based monoliths are being used as efficient adsorbents to remove such toxic materials. Regarding this, the ease of preparation, sustainability and low production cost are the most demanded properties from polymer-based monoliths. This work describes the synthesis of the first sustainable β-myrcene (My) and d-limonene (Lim) derived adsorbents by free radical copolymerization crosslinking in water-in-oil (w/o) high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). To demonstrate the influence of purification and drying steps on the pore morphology of the monoliths, the samples were either vacuum dried (PMLE-E) or freeze-dried (PMLE-L). Characterization tests indicated that the specific surface area of the PMLE-E monolith (64.71 m2/g) was much higher than that of PMLE-L monolith (19.38 m2/g), which was attributed to the abundant pore throats. The adsorption efficiencies of the monoliths were investigated towards removal of tetracycline (TC) and ibuprofen (IBU) from aqueous solution. The effects of solution pH, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption were investigated and the experimental data fitted to isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic models. The maximum TC and IBU adsorption capacities were found as 23.8 mg/g and 10.6 mg/g over PMLE-E adsorbent, respectively. The highest TC removal (95%) was achieved within 30 min by using PMLE-E monolith, which was ascribed to its more permeable porous structure as well as higher surface area, boosting diffusion rate of antibiotic molecules. In the reusability tests, the PMLE-E adsorbent exhibited higher performance than PMLE-L sample after eight adsorption-desorption cycles. The polymer monoliths also exhibited considerable adsorption efficiencies towards different kinds of dye molecules, demonstrating their effectiveness in the removal of water pollutants.

Hydrothermal effect of gunningite use Pluronic F127-Gelatin as template and the ibuprofen adsorption performance

The gunningite has been successfully synthesized using Pluronic F127 and gelatin as template via hydrothermal at 100–200 °C for 12–48 h. By scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and X-ray diffraction, changes in structure, pore size, and morphology due to ibuprofen adsorption were investigated in gunningite. Various hydrothermal (temperature and time) parameters had an influence on the percentage elimination (%) of ibuprofens. Gunningite's specific surface area intensifies from 14.60 to 24.03 m2/g as the longer hydrothermal time. In batch adsorption studies, the resulting sample was conducted to isotherm and kinetic analysis to evaluate the distribution of ibuprofen between the liquid and solid phases. Pseudo-first-order kinetics with an adsorption capacity range of 27–34.5 mg g−1 were the best fit for the observed data. Consequently, gunningite may be considered a viable adsorbent for the large-scale treatment of water contaminated with ibuprofen and related anti-inflammatory medicines.

Adsorption of pharmaceutical ibuprofen over functionalized zirconium metal-organic frameworks; Batch experiment and mechanism of interaction

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) must be removed from wastewater due to their negative impacts on the environment and human health. In order to effectively eliminate ibuprofen (IBP), we effectively created a unique Zr-MOF-NH2 in this research by combining a zirconium-based metal–organic framework, Zr-MOF, with tryptophane. The produced Zr-MOF-NH2 has outstanding adsorption activity and capability, according to the characterization research by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and XPS. Zr-MOF-NH2 is described as having an amorphous morphology, uniform cubic particles, and high surface area (729.61 m2/g). In order to fully understand the adsorption system's response to contact time, solution pH, temperature, and coexisting ions, the physicochemical properties of the produced adsorbents were extensively studied using batch experimental. The reaction was confirmed to be a chemisorption process whereas the reaction kinetics fit the pseudo-second order, while the adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir model. Approximately 371 mg/g was the greatest adsorption capacity. Additionally, the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous thermodynamically, according to a thermodynamic analysis. The Zr-MOF-NH2 showed improved adsorption efficiencies after five consecutive runs, according to reusability testing, suggesting that it might be used in real-world samples. Furthermore, electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, pore filling, and hydrogen bonding were identified as the adsorption mechanism for the contaminants.

Insight into the adsorptive removal of ibuprofen using porous carbonaceous materials: A review

Over the last decade, the removal of pharmaceuticals from aquatic bodies has garnered substantial attention from the scientific community. Ibuprofen (IBP), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is released into the environment in pharmaceutical waste as well as medical, hospital, and household effluents. Adsorption technology is a highly efficient approach to reduce the IBP in the aquatic environment, particularly at low IBP concentrations. Due to the exceptional surface properties of carbonaceous materials, they are considered ideal adsorbents for the IBP removal of, with high binding capacity. Given the importance of the topic, the adsorptive removal of IBP from effluent using various carbonaceous adsorbents, including activated carbon, biochar, graphene-based materials, and carbon nanostructures, has been compiled and critically reviewed. Furthermore, the adsorption behavior, binding mechanisms, the most effective parameters, thermodynamics, and regeneration methods as well as the cost analysis were comprehensively reviewed for modified and unmodified carbonaceous adsorbents. The compiled studies on the IBP adsorption shows that the IBP uptake of some carbon-based adsorbents is significantly than that of commercial activated carbons. In the future, much attention is needed for practical utilization and upscaling of the research findings to aid the management and sustainability of water resource.

A comprehensive study on paracetamol and ibuprofen adsorption onto biomass-derived activated carbon through experimental and theoretical assessments

The paper reports an experimental and theoretical work about the adsorption of paracetamol (PCM) and ibuprofen (IBP) onto a new activated carbon synthesized starting from the tree pods deriving from Erythrina speciosa. The adsorbent shows good porous properties, with a BET surface area of 795.1 m2/g, and an average pore volume of 0.422 cm3 g−1. Adsorption tests are carried out by varying the most important operating parameters. The adsorption capacity of both IBP and PCM results to be maximum at pH = 3, i.e., where the adsorbate molecules are found in neutral form. Adsorption isotherms indicated that IBP adsorption capacity increases with temperature up to 96.28 mg g−1, while an opposite trendwas retrieved for PCM, which decreased until 50.40 mg g−1. For a theoretical analysis, a double layer model (DLM) is adopted in order to provide an interpretation of the occurring adsorption mechanisms. The theoretical approach indicates that both IBP and PCM are adsorbed bya multi-molecular way, i.e. each functional group on the adsorbent surface accommodates more than one molecule at the same time. Finally, the adsorption energy reveals that a physical adsorption is responsible for both IBP and PCM adsorption on the synthesized adsorbent.

Improved mechanical strength and adsorption capacity of anion exchange resin by poly (acrylic acid)/phenolic interpenetrating polymer networks

Polyacrylic anion exchange resin (AER) is effective in removing many contaminants in water, but their poor mechanical strength limits their industrial application. In this study, AER-1 with poly (acrylic acid) /phenolic interpenetrating polymer networks was prepared under acidic conditions, and the resin was characterized and evaluated for its adsorption performance. The sphericity after attrition of AER-1 was 97.5 %, while the AER was only 57.1 %. This improved mechanical strength could be partially attributed to hydrogen bonds. Moreover, the increased pore volume and average pore size results in the enhanced adsorption amount from 0.22 mmol/g to 0.26 mmol/g at equilibrium with 0.05 g resin in 100 mL of ibuprofen solution (0.15 mM). An increasing kinetic constant from 0.024 to 0.033 can be obtained from the pseudo-first order kinetic fitting (R2 > 0.99). Compared with AER-1, AER-2 synthesized under alkaline conditions shows a less improved performance in mechanical strength and pore structure. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model (R2 > 0.98) is more consistent with the experimental data, indicating monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface. Small molecule acidic organics are more competitive due to the expansion of resin pore channels. Gallic acid (80 mg/L) lowers the adsorption capacity by 64.3 %, while humic acid only produces a 10 % reduction in adsorption capacity because of pore exclusion. Excellent reusability of AER-1 for ibuprofen adsorption has been demonstrated by adsorption-regeneration cycle experiments.

Adsorption and Release of Ibuprofen from Silica-Carbon Composites Based on Rice Husks (Oryza Sativa) and Banana Peels (Musa Acuminata)

Adsorption and Release of Ibuprofen from Silica-Carbon Composites Based on Rice Husks (Oryza Sativa) and Banana Peels (Musa Acuminata)

Facile synthesis of multifunctional acylhydrazone-based covalent organic polymer for rapid removing Hg(II) and Ibuprofen from water

Covalent organic polymers (COPs) are one of the most efficient and cost-effective adsorbents for removing heavy metals and antibiotics. Herein, three novel COPs were synthesized by a unique aldehyde and three hydrazine amines possessing varying numbers of acylhydrazone groups. And the H-COP-3 which is rich in acylhydrazone bonds gave the highest adsorption capacity (639.751 mg g−1) among the three materials on removing Hg(II) and equilibrium within 15 min, attributing to the strong affinity between acylhydrazone and Hg(II). Owing to the existence of hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking in the H-COPs and ibuprofen (IBP), the adsorption capacity of IBP on both new adsorbents was more than 230 mg g−1 showing no obvious disparity. Furthermore, H-COPs exhibit high stability over a wide pH range and still possess considerable Hg(II) and IBP adsorption capacity after multiple cycles. Our results reflect the great potential of these acylhydrazone-based COPs for environmental remediation.

Influence of Calcination Temperatures on Gunningite-Based Gelatin Template and Its Application as Ibuprofen Adsorption

Gunningite has been successfully synthesized using the soft template method with the Pluronic F127-gelatin template. Gunningite was calcined at diverse temperatures of 500, 600, and 700 °C for 12 h and characterized by XRD, SEM, and FTIR. A UV-Vis Spectrophotometer measured the adsorption capacity of Gunningite against ibuprofen. The XRD results showed that the crystal sizes of Gunningite decreased from 35.41 to 28.31 nm with the increasing calcination temperature from 500 to 700 °C. Besides, the crystallinity degrees also increased from 49.94% to 56.13% as calcination temperature increased from 500 to 700 °C. The Gunningite formed aggregates in the form of tiny particles that merge and experience agglomeration. The FTIR spectra of the Gunningite samples demonstrated the functional groups –OH, Zn-OH, Zn-O-Zn, and gunningite vibrations. The maximum adsorption capacities of Gunningite to adsorb ibuprofen were 233.161 mg g−1 (500 °C), 219.543 mg g−1 (600 °C), and 227.033 mg g-1 (700 °C). The kinetic model of Gunningite on the ibuprofen adsorption followed the kinetic model of Ho and McKay.

Paracetamol and Ibuprofen Removal from Aqueous Phase Using a Ceramic-Derived Activated Carbon.

Emerging pollutants, including pharmaceuticals and personal care products, have been detected in surface and groundwaters. The adsorption of paracetamol and ibuprofen, two widespread drugs, has been studied in aqueous medium, using a ceramic-derived carbon (CeDC) and a commercial activated carbon (CoAC). CeDC yielded a BET surface area of 895 m2 g−1, a bimodal pore size distribution (13.2 and 35 nm) and a total pore volume of 1.99 cm3 g−1. CoAC had an approximate surface area of 1000 m2 g−1, a homogeneous pore size distribution and a total pore volume of 0.42 cm3 g−1. Kinetic and equilibrium tests were carried out in batch systems to study the materials’ sorption performances. The intraparticle diffusion model best fitted the experimental kinetic data. The maximum ibuprofen sorption capacities were 120 mg g−1 and 133 mg g−1 for CoAC and CeDC, respectively, whereas no major differences on the maximum paracetamol sorption capacities (qm) were observed among the sorbents (150–159 mg g−1). Therefore, CeDC, synthesized easily from a ceramic composite, improved time and sorption capacity of paracetamol and ibuprofen compared to the commercial activated carbon, indicating the potential of the developed carbon as an emerging pollutant sorbent material.