IBM PC AT Research Articles

Áp dụng lý thuyết đổi mới trong quản lý giá trị - kho hàng hóa

In this paper, by the general theory, a method to predict of items which character to value goods are managed by warehousemen is demonstrated. They must be choose the optimal time for the put and sell a lot of goods at their godown. By Turbo Pascal V.5 on IBM PC AT we outperform those results.

Neutron cross-sections for ^{55}Mn in the energy range from 0.2 to 22 MeV

Neutron total and differential elastic scattering cross-sections for ^{55}Mn nucleus was calculated from different global spherical optical potential (SOP) sets for different neutron energies ranging from 0.2 MeV to 22 MeV using the well known computer program SCAT-2 on an IBM PC-AT. In addition, the angular distributions of elastically scattered neutrons at different neutron energies were calculated. The results were compared with those of the experimental data obtained from the EXFOR data file of NEA data bank. The best-fit potential parameter was thereby selected. It was observed that the best fit to the experimental values of the total cross-sections are obtained by SOP parameters of Kawai for ^{55}Mn. Furthermore, the variations of the total cross-sections as a function of real potential depth V_0 and real radius parameter r_0 were calculated to observe the sensitivity of these parameters towards the cross-sections.

ChemInform Abstract: Internal Rotation and Structure of Isobutylene.

Abstract The high-resolution rotational spectrum of isobutylene was measured for transitions with J ≤ 7, using a modified Balle-Flygare Fourier transform microwave spectrometer with a pulsed supersonic nozzle as the sample source. Previously improved by the addition of a computer-based IBM PC-AT controller and averager [C. Chuang et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61, 1629–1635 (1990)], the spectrometer has been fitted with software which provides Autosearch operation. Analysis of the fine structure of the observed transitions, caused by internal rotation of the two methyl groups, gives the V3 barrier to be 2176(3) cal/mole and the angle θ between the methyl top and b-axes to be 58.5(3)°, with the latter perhaps decreasing slightly at higher J. Rotational constants reported previously for six isotopic species of isobutylene and those now obtained for (CH3)2 13CCH2 at natural abundance were fitted to obtain an effective (r0) structure. The results indicate that the methyl groups are distorted slightly from C3ν symmetry. This tilts the CH3 axis 0.8(2)° away from coaxiality with the CC bond axis toward the double bond.

Damping characteristics of 0° and 90° AS4/3501-6 unidirectional laminates including the transverse shear effect

Material damping of laminates is determined analytically by the strain energy weighted dissipation method and experimentally by the half-power bandwidth method for cantilever beam specimens excited with an impulse excitation. Data reduction and acquisition are conducted using both an IBM PC-AT and a GenRad 2500 series Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analyser. Unidirectional continuous fiber 0° and 90° laminates were fabricated from graphite/epoxy (Hercules AS4/3501-6) to examine the effect of transverse shear as a function of aspect ratio (length/thickness) on the damping of composites. The loss factor for 0° AS4/3501-6 composites exhibits a linear increase with decreasing aspect ratio according to both theory and experiment. Moreover, the loss factor for 90° AS4/3501-6 laminates is not found to vary consistently with aspect ratio in the experiments, whereas the predicted values increase gradually with decreasing aspect ratio. In general, the 90° laminates exhibited much higher damping than the 0° laminates. It is also shown the transverse shear stress ( σ xz ) has a considerable effect on the damping mechanisms in 0° unidirectional polymer composites. However, the transverse shear stress ( σ yz ) was shown to be relatively insensitive to damping in 90° unidirectional composites.

A remote center of motion robotic arm for computer assisted surgery

SummaryWe have designed a robotic arm based on a double parallel four bar linkage to act as an assistant in minimally invasive surgical procedures. The remote center of motion (RCM) geometry of the robot arm kinematically constraints the robot motion such that minimal translation of an instrument held by the robot takes place at the entry portal into the patientApos;s body. In addition to the two rotational degrees of freedom comprising the RCM arm, distal translation and rotation are provided to manoeuver the instrument within the patient's body about an axis coincident with the RCM. An XYZ translation stage located proximal to the RCM arm provides positioning capability to establish the RCM location relative to the patients anatomy. An electronics set capable of controlling the system, as well as performing a series of safety checks to verify correct system operation, has also been designed and constructed. The robot is capable of precise positional motion. Repeatability in the ±10 micron range is demonstrated. The complete robotic system consists of the robot hardware and an IBM PC-AT based servo controller connected via a custom shared memory link to a host IBM PS/2. For laparoscopic applications, the PS/2 includes an image capture board to capture and process video camera images. A camera rotation stage has also been designed for this application. We have successfully demonstrated this system as an assistant in a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Further applications for this system involving active tissue manipulation are under development.

Experimental study of two robot arms manipulating large objects

In this paper, we present the architecture of an experimental real-time control system called TRACS (two robotic arm coordination system) and experimental results using two PUMA 250 robot arms that perform tasks of manipulating large objects. The system uses an IBM PC-AT as the host computer which is equipped with an AMD29000 high speed floating point coprocessor. It is configured in such a way that the Intel 80286 processor performs all the input-output interface operations (interface to the sensors, arms, and user) while the AMD29000 carries out the real-time computations of feedback control algorithms. Using the system, we have successfully implemented the dynamic control algorithm developed for coordinating two robotic arms. The two arms perform the task of manipulating a large object by means of enveloping grasp. The coordinated control algorithm utilizes the full dynamics of the two arms. The results from two experimental tasks are described in detail, in which the two arms move an object while adapting the grasp configuration to the motion trajectory and to the external disturbance force. >

Two-dimensional boltzmann transport equation approach to simulation of local ion implantation

Abstract A new theoretical model and software tool is proposed for simulation of two-dimensional local ion implantation in a target of arbitrary geometry. The program uses an algorithm of numerical solution of the boundary value problem for Boltzmann transport equation in two dimensions and permits to calculate the angular and energy distribution function of the particles moving in a multilayered multicomponent target. The program is essentially time saving and can be implemented on an IBM PC AT standard configuration computer.

Thermophysical devices for high temperature measurements

A complex of devices is described which consists of two thermal analysers (their working temperature ranges are 300–2500 K and 1000–3000 K) and a scanning calorimeter (its working temperature ranges from 300 to 2000 K) which are controlled by an automatic system based on IBM PC AT with the ADDA-14 card.

Models for horizontal E- and F-region drifts

Plasma transport is very important for understanding the space-time variations of the ionosphere. Therefore, following a resolution of URSI Subcommission G4, an effort is made to create a computer code describing the main results of investigations the ionospheric drift which were not considered in IRI-1979. The experimental data from 23 stations in the Northern Hemisphere were obtained between 1957 and 1970. The worldwide coverage in geographic latitude is 7°N to 71°N (7.5° to 64.1° geomagnetic) and O° to 131°E geographic longitude. We have developed appropriate procedure which allow us to infer from these data the main parameters of the global ionospheric motions at E- and F-region levels. An algorithm for computing the zonal and meridional drift components VX, VY can be found in IRI-1990. The last version of the computer programm called DRIFT which does the test calculation of Ionospheric Drifts Global Model whith printing the tables at the Epson printer is written in Turbo ascal for the IBM PC AT 286/287 compatible computers. Program code (execute module) is about 25 Kbyte. Data files are about 10 Kbyte. E- and F-region horizontal ionospheric irregularities drift data, worldwide obtained from 1957 to 1970 by D1 and D3 methods, are statistically analysed and a computer code for the average velocity variations in latitude and local time for some solar activity levels is constructed. The PC program DRIFT allows to determine zonal and meridional drift velocities of ionospheric irregularities at the lower (90 < h < = 140 km) and upper (h > 140 km) ionosphere. The main block of the program DRIFT is the procedure DRIRR for calculating VX and VY for a period (P), geomagnetic (geographic) latitude (FI) and local time (LT) to be specified. The example of the program DRIFT calculation for F-region (REG=2) and for the whole period of observations (P=1) is in Table. VX > 0 to east, VY > 0 to north. FI is geomagnetic latitude.

A combined dynamic finite element—Riccati transfer matrix method for solving non-linear eigenproblems of vibrations

The non-linear eigenvalue problems arising from dynamic finite elements in structural analysis are considered. A method of combining the dynamic finite element method and the Riccati transfer matrix method is proposed to solve non-linear eigenproblems of vibrations. This method finds the value of the frequency using the Newton-Raphson method. By this technique, the number of nodes required in the regular dynamic finite element method is reduced, and therefore a microcomputer may be used. Besides, no plotting of the value of the determinant versus the assumed frequency is necessary. The Riccati transformation of state vectors is proposed in order to avoid the propagation of round-off errors occurring in recursive multiplications of the transfer matrices. A program DFERTM-W based on this method for use on an IBM PC-AT microcomputer is developed. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy, as well as the capability, of the proposed method for solving non-linear eigenproblems of vibrations.

A forward-looking system for planning and monitoring metrological support to an organization

The ARM-Uchet computerized system is considered, which is intended for accounting, planning, and monitoring for metrological support to an organization and has been implemented on an IBM PC AT. Schemes are given for the basic modes of operation and for the software suites, as well as the database structure.

An extremely low-cost interface between an Inchworm piezoelectric motor and a personal computer

An extremely low-cost interface has been constructed to control an Inchworm piezoelectric motor from an IBM PC-AT compatible personal computer. Particular emphasis was placed on designing with components that are readily available in developing countries. Although originally conceived as a coarse positioning device for a tunnelling sensor, the circuit has sufficient sensitivity to maintain stable tunnelling currents for short periods of time.

Automatic information retrieval system for engineering measurements

Described is the design of a factographic knowledge base on measuring instruments and devices (MIDs) used in engineering measurement and control and an automatic information descriptions of individual MIDs, to formulate search criteria, and to retrieve a MID subset matching the specified conditions. The knowledge base is designed to operate on an IBM PC AT personal computer.

Digital filters in human ECG processing and analysis

Algorithms are described for filters in the Kardiosistema-3 package written at the Laser Medical Technology organization in Moscow for use with an IBM PC AT personal computer.

METLIN-PC: An applications-program package for problems of mathematical programming

The METLIN-PC applications-program package (APP) was developed at the V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine on IBM PC XT and AT computers. The present version of the package was written in Turbo Pascal and Fortran-77. The METLIN-PC is chiefly designed for the solution of smooth problems of mathematical programming and is a further development of the METLIN prototype, which was created earlier on a BESM-6 computer. The principal property of the previous package is retained - the applications modules employ a single approach based on the linearization method of B.N. Pschenichnyi. Hence the name {open_quotes}METLIN.{close_quotes}

Partial Automation of Microbiological Assays for Vitamins

Abstract The dispensing and turbidity measurement steps used in microbiological assays of B group vitamins were automated by the use of a Gilson hardware package, a specially constructed turbidimeter, an IBM PC-AT or compatible computer, and software written in-house to facilitate data entry, control the hardware, and calculate the results. Considerable improvement in the speed and precision of the turbidity measurement was achieved (1% compared to 3-12%). The precision of the dispensing operation was better than that of manual dispensing (0.02-0.8% compared to 0.4-2%), although the speed was not improved. However, results and errors obtained from the automated system did not significantly differ from those obtained by former procedures. This was attributed to growth response variations not related to the automated procedure. The automation process facilitated detection of errors and halved the operator time per assay.

MicroMAG-2D system for domain wall dynamics simulation (abstract)

MicroMAG-2D (version 2.0) system has been developed for investigations of statics and dynamics of two-dimensional 180° domain walls in the thin ferromagnetic films with arbitrary uniaxial anisotropy. This system is intended for developers of magnetic memory devices, physicists (experimentators and theoreticians), and may be used for illustration at high school (university) educational process. Static structure is a result of solving of nonlinear variational micromagnetic problem with magnetostatic interaction. Domain wall dynamics is computed by direct integration of Landau–Lifshits–Gilbert equation. Computational method used fast algorithm for demagnetization field and unconditionally stable scheme for temporal integration. Domain wall is keeping in the center of computational region by shadowing method.1 MicroMAG-2D system consists of (a) initial data generation module; (b) computational module; (c) Editor/Viewer module; (d) Animator module. System requirements: IBM PC AT compatible (Intel 80386/387 or 80486 processor).

Software package for determination of surface tension of liquid metals

The problems of the development of algorithms to process experimental results obtained by the sessile drop method are discussed. Algotithms are based on the numerical solution of the Young-Laplace equation and the regularization method for Dorsey formula. A software package for IBM PC AT has been developed. The results of calculations for droplets formed in a cup (liquid Fe) and on a plate (slag CaOB 2O 3) are given.

PC/VAX or standalone PC-based general purpose biological data collection system

A system, to collect, analyse and display biological data, is developed using IBM PC AT compatibles (PCs) or CED1401/1609 devices networked to a VAX environment. It can be operated in three separate modes: using the CED/IEEE/VAX network; using the PC/Ethernet/VAX network; as a standalone PC. The original system comprised CED 1401/1609 data collection devices running on the IEEE bus. This has been superseded by a PC-286 or better incorporating an analogue-to-digital convertor (DT2824-PGH) and a communications interface board (DEPCA) linked by thinwire Ethernet (ThinWire) running DECnet with their product network application software PCSA. This network has not only doubled the original throughput but has also removed the two major IEEE constraints: 4 m between devices and the physical linking of devices to the VAX. The PCs are logically linked to clustered VAXes on Ethernet, giving flexible networking supporting multiple ThinWire segments, each supporting a maximum of 30 PCs per 185 m segment length. As the enhanced design compliments the original, both may operate concurrently, appear similar in operation to the user and use the same analysis software, all of which help reduce the rate of system obsolescence.

Control of Hydrostatic Transmission Output Speed: Development and Comparison of PI and Hybrid Fuzzy-PI Controllers

A program designed to control a hydraulic motor using either PI or hybrid fuzzy logic PI control was written. The motor under control was part of a hydrostatic transmission. The real time closed loop control software was written to run on an IBM PC AT or equivalent. Additional software was written to generate the fuzzy rule set to be used with the hybrid fuzzy-PI controller.