Ibadan North Research Articles

Influence of Some Teachers' Variables on Academic Achievement in Biology among Secondary School Girls in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria

Influence of Some Teachers' Variables on Academic Achievement in Biology among Secondary School Girls in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria

Relationship pattern of enteric bacterial load and assessed micronutrients in the gut of Clarias gariepinus fish sampled in the Ibadan municipal zone

BackgroundFarmed fish are faced with factors like microflora and micronutrients that could impact their prime health. There is no clear understanding of some specific bacterial flora amidst micronutrients in the gut of the African sharp-tooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus); hence, this study investigated the encountered bacterial flora, micronutrients and their interactions with the aid of standard microbiological procedures and atomic absorption spectroscopy.ResultsThe bacterial counts in the Ibadan municipal zones were significantly different (P˂0.05) across each sampling week, with prevalence ranging from 0.40 ± 0.1 in Ibadan North to 0.10 ± 0.00 in Ibadan Northwest. The pattern of encountered bacterial flora indicated Ibadan North (Enterobacter species: 3.70 ± 0.07 × 106 CFU/g) as the prevalent. The assessed gut micronutrients were significantly different (P˂0.05) across the farm areas; however, sodium was not significantly different (P˂0.05) in Ibadan Northeast (0.97 ± 0.02) and Ibadan Southwest (0.98 ± 0.01), manganese in Ibadan North (10.50 ± 0.07) and Ibadan Northeast (11.00 ± 0.71), cobalt in Ibadan North (0.00 ± 0.00), Ibadan Northeast (0.00 ± 0.00) and Ibadan Southeast (0.00 ± 0.00). Zinc (92.55 ± 0.01 mg/kg), chromium (13.11 ± 0.22 mg/kg), cadmium (0.82 ± 0.00 mg/kg) and cobalt (6.94 ± 0.22 mg/kg) were predominantly high in Ibadan Northwest, sodium (0.98 ± 0.01 mg/kg) in Ibadan Southwest, lead (4.37 ± 0.01 mg/kg) and copper (34.10 ± 0.07 mg/kg) in Ibadan Southeast. The gut bacterial were positively correlated with manganese, iron, zinc, nickel, potassium and sodium; however, they were negatively correlated with copper, lead, chromium, cadmium and cobalt.ConclusionsTherefore, the present study identified some fish farm areas in the Ibadan municipal zones with prevalent gut bacterial load; this is possibly due to the state of the culture environment and also the interactions of the gut bacterial flora with micronutrients, which could be a potential health indicator.

Factors Influencing Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness among Post-Natal Women in Selected Primary Health Centers in Ibadan, Nigeria

Background: Birth preparedness and complication readiness is a strategic intervention to achieve a reduction in the rate of maternal mortality. However, despite the importance and ease of use of this intervention, it has been observed that several factors have hindered the practice. Hence, the need to consider the knowledge, attitude, practice, and factors that influences Birth preparedness and Complication readiness among post-natal women. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study used a multi-stage sampling technique to select 116 post-natal women in selected primary health centers in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo state. An adapted structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and factors influencing the practice of birth preparedness and complication readiness. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the social science (SPSS) version 21.0 software. Descriptive data were presented as frequency and percentages while the chi-square test was used to test the hypotheses at P value < 0.05. Result: The majority of respondents were highly knowledgeable (86.2%). The respondents had a positive attitude towards birth preparedness and complication readiness (75%). The practice level was high among the respondents (71.6%). However, the factors that influenced practice were lack of adequate knowledge (X2=4.578, P =0.032), pre-mature delivery (X2=19.929, P=0.000) and environmental insecurities (X2=6.556, P=0.010). Conclusion: There is a relationship between factors (lack of adequate knowledge, premature delivery and environmental insecurities) and the practice of birth preparedness and complication readiness. Hence, measures should be employed to address the identified factors to improve the practice of birth preparedness and complication readiness.

Using digital technology to enhance adolescent and young adult development: An examination of implications for child welfare in Nigeria

The use of digital devices is increasing among adolescents and young adults (AYAs), who consider them an important part of their daily lives. This study investigated the use of digital technology by AYAs in Oyo State, Nigeria. A quantitative research design was adopted and AYAs between the ages of 13 and 18 who use smartphones were recruited from public secondary schools in Ibadan metropolis; Ibadan North, Ibadan North-East, Ibadan North-West, Ibadan South-East and Ibadan South-West areas. The probability and nonprobability sampling techniques were used to select 159 respondents. The results showed that digital technology have some roles on AYAs behaviors. AYAs perceived the risk factors as eye strain, sleep problems when using digital technology for many hours in a day, poor posture, reduced physical activity, to name a few. AYAs’ perceptions of parents/guardians protecting them from the Internet safety risks show that their parents/guardians do not talk to them about online content and behavior, and do not use controls or other methods of blocking, filtering, or monitoring their online activities. Based on the results, it has been recommended that digital safety should be included in the curriculum of some secondary school subjects, such as computer science.

Attitudinal Disposition towards Mandatory Premarital HIV Testing for Intending Couples among Unmarried Christian Youths in Ibadan North East Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

Attitudinal Disposition towards Mandatory Premarital HIV Testing for Intending Couples among Unmarried Christian Youths in Ibadan North East Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

Knowledge and Perceived Susceptibility to Chronic Kidney Disease among Auto-Mechanics and Allied Professionals in Bodija Community of Ibadan North Local Government Area, Nigeria

In Nigeria, the prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is not known, but several studies, mostly hospital-based, suggest a range of 1.6 to 12.4%. Automobile materials, which contain heavy metals are being utilized by mechanics and people in allied professions daily without awareness of the health implications of the exposure. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the knowledge and perceived susceptibility to chronic kidney disease among auto-mechanics and allied professionals in the Bodija Community of Ibadan North Local Government Area, Nigeria.
 This study was a descriptive cross-sectional. Pretested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered to 209 respondents. Knowledge of chronic kidney diseases, perceived susceptibility towards chronic kidney diseases, and preventive practices were measured on 32-, 14-, and 24-point scales respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact test at a 5% level of significance.
 Few (32.1%) respondents age ranged from 40 to 49 years old with a mean age of 38±9.5 years, 50.7% were Christians and 96.7% were Yoruba. Knowledge score was 12.9±6.4, and 71.3% had a poor knowledge. Most (82.3%) of the respondents stated that herbal supplements could be effective in treating CKD, and 34.4% mentioned high blood pressure as a cause of CKD. The perceived susceptibility score was 5.2±3.1 and 73.2% had negative perceived susceptibility to CKD. Most (89.0%) agreed that consumption of local herbs cannot predispose them to CKD. Practice score was 6.8±2.6 and 98.1% had a poor practice.
 Most of the respondents had poor knowledge of chronic kidney disease, negative perceived susceptibility, and poor preventive practices toward chronic kidney disease. A concerted effort should be made to improve the knowledge of chronic kidney disease and its preventive practices. This could lead to a change in attitude and behavior, thereby reducing the risk factors of chronic kidney disease.

FAMILY BACKGROUND AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION OF SELECTED CORP MEMBERS IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA

Entrepreneurship Intention has been discussed in extant literature as the foundation for successful businesses. The decision of an individual to start a business is often derived from his constant interactions and consultations with his social environment. An individual who belongs to an entrepreneur-family has a greater chance to choose an entrepreneurial career than one hailing from non-entrepreneurial background. However, the effect of family background on entrepreneurial intention of corps members in Nigeria has not been fully established, which has created a literature. Therefore, this study investigated the the effect of family background on entrepreneurial intention in Nigeria. The study adopted the survey research design. 439 batch B corps members in Ibadan North, Ibadan Southwest and Ogbomoso North Local government area of Oyo State, Nigeria served as the sample unit Questionnaires were administered to the selected Corp members. Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficients for the constructs ranged from 0.810 to 0.827. A response rate of 87.4% was recorded from the field work. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential tools with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 27. Findings revealed that family background has significant effect on entrepreneurial intention selected corps members in Oyo State, Nigeria. (R= 0.551, R2= 0.304, t = 6.476 P<0.05). Specifically, the study found that Family background has a significant combined effect on entrepreneurial intention of selected corps members in Oyo State, Nigeria. (R= 0.568 R2= 0.323, AdjR2 0.293 F(4, 380) = 10.958 P<0.05). The study concluded that there is significant relationship between family background and entrepreneurial intention, with a moderate positive correlation. The study therefore recommended that Youth corps members should understand the potential influence of family business experience and entrepreneurial education on their entrepreneurial competence and knowledge. Reflect on the experiences and knowledge gained from family businesses and leverage them to enhance your entrepreneurial abilities.

Socio-Economic Implications of Family Size on Child Health in Ibadan, Oyo State

The general effect of family sizes on the health of individual has aroused concerns and remained the focus of many researchers with negligible attention on children. This study examined the socio-economic implications of family size on the health of children in Oyo state. The research adopted a descriptive and cross-sectional survey design with Epidemiological transition theory as its theoretical framework for explanation. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire administered to 420 randomly selected respondents from 8 selected communities in Ibadan North East local government, Ibadan. Quantitative data was analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages and chi-square. The mean age of respondents was 38 years, only 26.1% had tertiary education, while a huge majority (80.3%) earned a monthly of income less than 30,000 naira. More than half of the respondents 52.4% had four or more children and shared a room. A significant association existed (x 2 =23.278, P<0.05) between the type of family and the number of children. Majority of the respondents with four or more children who shared a room reported their children often experienced catarrh (66.7%), typhoid fever (65.9%), malaria (66.0%) and measles (66.7%). The occurrence of hazards was connected to the number of children in a family which was largely influenced by parents’ socio-economic status. There is need to enlighten parents from low socio-economic status on the effect of large family sizes on children’s health in other to curb child morbidity and mortality. Keywords: children, Family Size, Hazards, socio economic, health DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/108-01 Publication date: May 31 st 2023

Parent related factors on lower primary performance in basic science of pupils in Ibadan north local government area, Oyo state, Nigeria

Parent related factors on lower primary performance in basic science of pupils in Ibadan north local government area, Oyo state, Nigeria

Social Network Analysis of the Schistosomiasis control program in two local government areas in Oyo state, Nigeria: Insights for NTD elimination plans.

Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases targeted for elimination by 2030. Achieving disease elimination requires collaboration between stakeholders, country ownership and the involvement of community-level stakeholders. The state of stakeholder relationship determines the ease and timeliness of meeting disease elimination targets. Mapping stakeholder relationships is critical for assessing gaps in the schistosomiasis control program implementation, and providing a roadmap for improved stakeholder cohesion. The study aimed to measure the cohesiveness of the contact, collaboration and resource-sharing networks, across 2 local government areas in Oyo state, Nigeria. This study used a Network Representative design for Social Network Analysis (SNA). The study was conducted within Oyo state, Nigeria using 2 Local Government Areas (LGAs): Ibadan North (urban) and Akinyele (rural). Stakeholders were identified using a link-tracing approach. Data was collected using Qualtrics software from stakeholders across the state, local government, healthcare, academia, and non-governmental organizations. Data was analysed using Gephi software for network cohesion across the three networks. The social network analysis revealed high clustering and low density across the three networks implying low cohesion across multiple stakeholder categories. The contact and collaborative networks were the most active with the lowest level of cohesion seen in the resource-sharing network. Stakeholders were more active in the rural LGA than the urban, and stakeholders within the organized governance and public health system were the dominant actors in the schistosomiasis control program. The low cohesion, high clustering and low network density among stakeholders within the schistosomiasis control program should be addressed in other to drive innovation and meet the WHO schistosomiasis elimination target.

A Qualitative Exploration on Knowledge of Community-Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses among Community Resource Persons and Primary Health Care Workers in Oyo State, Nigeria

Community-Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (C-IMCI) is a multipronged strategy developed by the World Health Organization aimed at reducing childhood mortality and morbidity through the integration of enhanced health care services, improved case management skills and healthier community practices. Community resource persons (CORPs) play an important role in the knowledge transfer of this strategy to mothers of U-5 children within their communities. This study explored the knowledge of C-IMCI among CORPs and other primary healthcare workers, as well as accessibility to training, and recommendations for the promotion of C-IMCI. Qualitative data were obtained from a larger cross-sectional study conducted in Ibadan North East and Akinyele Local Government Areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. Data were collected through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and In-depth Interviews (IDIs) among community resource persons, community health workers and selected key health officers in two local government areas (LGAs) in Oyo State, Nigeria. Data were transcribed and analyzed thematically. There was poor knowledge of C-IMCI among the participants, the majority of respondents received C-IMCI-related information from nurses and LGA staff. Regarding training, a few respondents who received the initial training on C-IMCI had been transferred from their LGAs, monitoring was infrequent and implementation of C-IMCI was not effective in the sampled areas. Community Resource Persons and Primary Health Care workers in this study did not receive regular trainings on C-IMCI; hence their knowledge was limited in this regard. Increased access to trainings on community practices would help in bridging the existing knowledge gaps in this field.

Assessment of knowledge and belief towards prevention of childhood convulsion among women attending infant welfare clinic in selected primary healthcare centers, Ibadan north local government area

Childhood convulsion is one of the most common neurological disorders contributing to high mortality and morbidity rate among children. This study assessed the level of knowledge and belief towards prevention of childhood convulsion among women attending infant welfare clinics in selected primary health care centers, Ibadan north local government area. This study adopted a descriptive survey design and a multi-stage sampling technique was used to select one hundred and fifty-one mothers and data was collected with a structured questionnaire. Two research questions were raised and two hypotheses were formulated and tested at the level of 0.05 significance. Hypothesis one was tested using student chi-square while the second was tested using PPMC. Data was collated, collected, and analyzed using Statistical Package for The Social Sciences (SPSS) 25. The results from the study revealed that the majority of the participants had above average knowledge of childhood convulsion 102(67.5%) x2 = 82.475a; p=0.001< .05), there is a significant relationship between respondents’ knowledge and their belief on childhood convulsion (r = .334; p=0.000 < .05), that there is a significant relationship between respondents’ knowledge and preventive practices on childhood convulsion among women attending infant welfare clinic at selected PHC (r = .210; p=0.000 < .05). The majority of the participants demonstrated a high level of knowledge on the causes of and preventive practices towards childhood convulsion but misconceptions about orthodox medication persist, it is therefore recommended that health providers educate mothers on alarming signs and symptoms, care, and proper home management of childhood convulsion.

A survey of the resources senior secondary school teachers use in teaching vocabulary in Ibadan North, Nigeria

This study surveyed the resources senior secondary school English language teachers use in teaching vocabulary in Ibadan North. The descriptive research design of the survey type was employed in the study. Using the purposive sampling technique, all the two hundred and twenty-four (224) English and Literature-in-English teachers in the study area as at the time of this study constituted the sample based on the intervening variables of gender, qualification, school type and experience. Only one hundred and ninety-six (196) questionnaires were properly filled and returned. A reliability coefficient of r = 0.90 was obtained using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Statistics. This showed that the items were of high stake. Findings revealed that the teachers seemed to make more frequent use of non-human instructional resources for teaching vocabulary than the human instructional resources. Also, there were no significant differences on teachers’ qualification, school type and experience except for gender. It was concluded that, aside from teachers’ gender, no other variable had any influence on the resources used for the teaching of vocabulary in senior secondary schools in Ibadan North. It was thus recommended that teachers should employ both human and non-human teaching resources during the teaching and learning of vocabulary.

The Role of Procedural Justice and Leadership Style on the Quality of Leader- Member Relationship among Secondary School Teachers in Ibadan North Local Governement Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

In the present study, the role of procedural justice and leadership styles on the quality of leader-member relationship was explored. Through a cross-sectional survey design, data was collected from 119 (males = 50, females = 69) secondary school teachers in Ibadan, Nigeria, using a random sampling technique, with a mean age of 32.26 years. From a multiple regression analysis, findings showed that procedural justice (β = .268, t=3.150, p<.0l) and Leadership style (β= -.293, t= -3.454, p<.0l) independently predict quality of leader-member relationship. In addition, procedural justice and leadership style jointly predict leader-member relation (F (2,116) =12.762, R=.180, R2=.166, p<.0l). Through a t-test analysis, it was reported that there is no significant influence of procedural justice on the leader-member relation of respondents (t (117) = 1.85, p>.05). Through a t-test analysis, it was observed that there was a significant influence of leadership style on the leader-member relation of respondents (t (117) = -3.64, p<.05). Furthermore, it was observed that respondents’ sex, age, religion, and ethnicity jointly predicted quality of leader-member relationship (F (4,144) =3.047, R=.311, R2=.097, p<.05). Going by these findings, the researchers recommended that trainings and teaching of procedural justice and appropriate leadership styles should be encouraged among members of position of authority in the organizational setting. And such trainings should consider the socio-demographic characteristics of the target population for a better efficacy of research intervention.

Gender Inequality: An Ethnolinguistic Analysis of Salon Conversation among Yoruba Women in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria

This paper interrogates women-talk in selected salons in parts of Ibadan North Local Government Area, Nigeria through the Ethnolinguistic framework to determine perspectives towards gender equity/inequality in a bid to propose way forward, and within the salon space and hair value. The research is largely quantitative and data collection on observatory participant basis. Secondary data on gender equity was also obtained through literature. True equity lies in achieving the intended societal impact of gender equity which is for the individual to be genuinely liberated and free to function optimally. The different postures and perspectives of the Yoruba woman present with issues in terms of gender equity and desires that should not be overlooked in the design of policies meant to liberate them within their respective contexts. Gender equity needs to be clearly defined within the context of peoples and their cultures.

Obesity and Overweight among in-School Students in Private and Public Schools in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State: A Comparative Study

The growing alarming rate of obesity worldwide is a great concern to individuals and the general public. This has been the trend among secondary schools in many parts of the world in the past three decades. This study, therefore, was aimed at assessing the obesity and overweight among in-school students in public and private schools in Ibadan North Local Government, Oyo State Nigeria. A comparative cross sectional study was carried out among in-school students in Ibadan North Local Government area Oyo State Nigeria. Four hundred (400) respondents were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Information from respondents was obtained using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires. Data analysis was done with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The results showed that when Body Mass Index was used as a measure of obesity, the number of overweight and obesity was significantly more in private schools than in public schools with a p-value less than 0.001. Using Waist and Hip Ratio private school have significantly higher number of obese compared to the public. Body Image Discrepancy private school was higher than that of the public school, but the difference was not statistically high. The nutritional rating of the respondents showed that few of the private students on first day, about one third on the second day and the same on the third day had a healthy eating index. Majority of the respondents scored below six percet which is an indication that many of them are not eating well, that is they are not abiding by the food pyramid rules of daily recommended dietary allowances (RDAs). The nutritional status was significantly associated with the gender, types of school, age groups and class categories of the respondents. The study concludes that WHR detects more of central obesity while BMI accounts for generalised obesity. There was a significant difference in the feeding patterns and activity patterns of the students attending public and private schools. Factors associated with the nutritional status of the respondents were their age, gender, the type of schools and their class categories.

Perception of men's need for preconception care-A qualitative exploration among health care providers and community members.

Several studies have shown that suboptimal health in men can result in poor reproductive health outcomes. The factors associated include lifestyle exposures and poor health-seeking behavior. The poor reproductive health outcomes can be mitigated through preconception care (PCC). PCC services for men are however rare. This qualitative study explored views about men's need for PCC in Nigeria. This exploratory qualitative study was done in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Focus group discussions were held with 12 religious leaders, 22 men and 23 women of reproductive age at the community level. There were key informant interviews with two community leaders and 26 health workers including specialist physicians and nurses at the primary, secondary, and tertiary health care levels. Transcribed data were analyzed thematically using inductive coding on MAXQDA. The reasons participants proffered for men's health requiring attention included men's genetic contribution to pregnancy, treatment of low sperm count, and preventing transmission of infection to their partners. Participants stated however that men are often reluctant about accessing health services until complications arise. Opinions differed on men's need for PCC: while some believed that men need PCC, others expressed contrary views stating that men do not require PCC as the service is more appropriate for women. Successful deployment and uptake of PCC services require the availability of the services and improved awareness about the need to optimize men's health along with that of their partners.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF THE OCCURRENCE AND EXTENSION OF INFORMAL WASTE COLLECTION IN IBADAN NORTH EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA

Against the background of the phenomenal influx of labour into the informal waste management subsector of many cities in Nigeria in recent times, despite the persistent official harassment of the participants and the seemingly low economic reward offered by the job, this paper examines the influence of social and economic attributes of participants on the emergence and development of the sector. Using a cross-sectional survey research design, data were collected via a structured questionnaire interview involving 103 identified informal waste collectors in the Ibadan North East Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Both descriptive (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (Pearson’s correlation analysis and multinomial logistic regression) were used in analysing the data generated from the questionnaire survey. The study found that informal waste collectors’ socio-economic attributes (gender, age, education, income, marital status, ethnicity, religion, nationalities and state of origin) influenced their participation in waste management. The results of the multinomial logistic regression confirmed the hypothesis that participation in informal waste collection is a function of socio-economic attributes. The study concluded that adequate knowledge of informal waste collectors’ socio-economic attributes will lead to positive policy response from the government towards the subsector, thereby ensuring its sustainability in the waste management sector.

Ethnomedicinal Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Diabetes in Ibadan North East and South East, Oyo State, Nigeria

Ethnomedicinal Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Diabetes in Ibadan North East and South East, Oyo State, Nigeria

Knowledge and Attitude towards Pregnancy Care and Delivery among Male Commercial Motorcyclists in Ibadan, Nigeria

Background: Men’s influences are gradually being recognised in pregnancy and delivery care. The study aims to determine the knowledge and attitude of male commercial motorcyclists on pregnancy care and delivery of women.
 Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among married male commercial motorcyclists, operating in Ibadan North Local Government Area selected using a cluster sampling technique. Data was collected using a pre-tested, structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, and analysed using SPSS version 16. Each section was evaluated using rating of a three-point Likert scale with each item scored based on responses ranging from disagree to agree. Results were presented in tables and charts.
 Results: Four hundred and fifty three male commercial motorcyclists were interviewed. The mean age was 34.2±7.3years, 301 (66.4%) had secondary education, while 390 (86.1%) were in a monogamous marriage. Thirty 30(6.6%) respondents did not know when their wives registered for ANC while majority, 444(98.1%) did not know the duration of their wives’ labour. Few respondents 46 (10.2%) recognized vaginal bleeding as a common danger signs in pregnancy while 277 (61.1%) agree that women should have at least four ANC visits before delivery. Many of the respondents 315 (69.6%) had good knowledge, and 304 (67.1%) had positive attitude towards antenatal and delivery care.
 Conclusion: Educational efforts on maternal health care should also focus on the men to improve their knowledge, attitude and involvement in antenatal and pregnancy.