Concentrations Of IBA Research Articles

Effect of IBA Concentration (Indol Butaric Acid) and Growing Condition on Performance of Cuttings in Mogra (Jasminum sambac)

An experiment was laid out to study influence of different levels of IBA and growing condition on cuttings of Mogra (Jasminum sambac) at Sheth D. M. polytechnic in Horticulture College, Anand Agricultural University, Model farm, Vadodara during 2022 to 2024. The study was conducted using completely randomized design with factorial concept and three replications for each treatment. Total 10 treatment combination of two factors viz., growing condition (open and NVPH) and IBA concentration (500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm) were compared with control (deepen in distilled water). IBA significantly improved the performance of cuttings under naturally ventilated poly-house condition. 1500 ppm IBA concentration recorded significantly lower days to sprout (13.83 days), higher shoot length at 30, 45 and 60 DAP (2.80 cm, 7.64 cm and 11.63 cm), root length (4.18 cm), number of leaves at 30, 45 and 60 DAP (2.87, 6.03 and 8.47), fresh weight (11.63g), dry weight (4.18g) and survival percentage (66.11%). Where as in growing condition, naturally ventilated poly-house recorded significantly lower days to sprout (13.27 days), higher shoot length at 30, 45 and 60 DAP (2.40cm, 7.26 cm and 11.80 cm), root length (3.89 cm), number of leaves at 30, 45 and 60 DAP (2.72 , 4.80 and 7.85), fresh weight (11.80 g), dry weight (3.89 g) and survival percentage (64.56%). Semi hardwood cuttings of Jasminum sambac treated with 1500 ppm IBA concentration treatment for 5 min and planted in polybags under Naturally ventilated poly-house showed promising growth with higher sprouting and survival percentage as compared to other treatments. It was recommended to propagate semi hardwood cuttings of Jasminum sambac with 1500 ppm IBA concentration for 5 min and plant them in naturally ventilated polyhouse to get maximum sprouting percentage and quality planting material.

Response of Types of Cuttings and IBA Concentration from First Sprout to Highest Sprouting and Rooting in Crossandra (Crossandra infundibuliformis L.)

The present investigation was conducted under Konkan Agro-climatic conditions at College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri (India) during the kharif season (2023-2024). The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with twelve treatment combinations and three replications. Present investigation found that in types of stem cuttings treatment C1 :Softwood cuttings was found best with respect to minimum days to first sprout, days to highest sprouting , maximum number of new sprouts/cuttings, girth of sprout, length of new sprout, number of leaves, leaf area, survival(%), fresh weight of shoot, dry weight of shoot, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, number of roots, length of longest root, fresh weight of root, dry weight of root, shoot to root ratio. In different IBA concentration treatment H4 : IBA@2000ppm was found best with respect to minimum days to first sprout, days to highest sprouting , maximum number of new sprouts/cuttings, girth of sprout, length of new sprout, number of leaves, leaf area, survival(%), fresh weight of shoot, dry weight of shoot, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, number of roots, length of longest root, fresh weight of root, dry weight of root. In interaction effect treatment C1H4 (Softwood cuttings treated with IBA@2000 ppm) is found to be most effective among all other treatment combinations in terms of most of the parameters such as Sprouting percentage, Number of new sprouts/cuttings, Length of sprout/cuttings, Girth of new sprout, Number of leaves/cuttings, Leaf area, Survival percentage, Fresh weight of shoot, Relative Growth Rate, Fresh weight to dry weight of shoot ratio, Number of roots.

Micropropagation of Selected Hybrid Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Varieties Using Shoot Tip Culture

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world. The use of hybrid varieties is a great option to increase its production but using F2 seed leads to lack of uniformity as a result of segregation. Therefore mass propagation using tissue culture could help to solve these problems. The objective of this study was to develop an optimum micropropagation protocol for Valouro, Uwezo and Shelter hybrid tomato varieties using shoot tip culture. Three successive experiments: shoot initiation; shoot multiplication and root inductions were conducted. Different concentrations of BAP (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25 mg/l) and (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3 mg/l) were used for shoot initiation and shoot multiplication, respectively. While different concentrations of IBA (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 mg/l) were used for root induction. The three separate experiments were laid out as factorial arranged in completely randomized design. The result of shoot initiation showed that the interaction of BAP*Varieties highly significant (P<0.01) effect. In the multiplication experiment, all parameters showed highly significant difference (P<0.01). In rooting experiment the interaction effect of IBA*Variety showed highly significant difference for the studied parameters. In conclusion MS medium without growth regulators was the optimum for shoot initiation. For shoot multiplication experiment 2mg/l, 0.5mg/l and 1.5mg/l of BAP was the optimum concentration for number of shoots per explant, shoot length, and leaf number respectively. For in vitro rooting MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l IBA was optimum for all varieties.

In Vitro Rooting of <em>Gyrinops walla</em> in Activated Charcoal-Containing Semi-Solid Culture and Filter Paper-Bridged Liquid Culture Systems

Plant tissue culture is the best option in producing planting material for cultivation programmes of Gyrinops walla. Perfection of in vitro rooting protocol for this species is the most decisive step in micropropagation. In the present study the effect of physical state of substrate, different concentrations of sucrose, IBA and NAA in media containing activated charcoal on in vitro rooting was investigated. In experiment-1, 0.2% (w/v) activated charcoal was added in to the ½ MS medium fortified with 30 or 40 g/L sucrose and varying concentrations of IBA or NAA (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L). In experiment-2, filter paper-bridged liquid medium was used with 40 g/L sugar and varying concentrations of IBA or NAA (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L). The treatments were arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. Percentage of rooted microshoots and number of roots per shoot were recorded. The ½ MS semi-solid medium with 0.2% activated charcoal, 40 g/L sucrose and 0.1 mg/L NAA resulted in the significantly highest rooting percentage (50%)while the significantly highest number of roots (6.0) were noted in ½ MS charcoal added (0.2%) basal medium with 40 g/L sucrose and 0.5 mg/L NAA. Shoots supported with filter paper bridge on ½ MS liquid medium, supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA, had the highest rooting percentage (66.7%) and the highest mean number of roots per shoot (3.0) (P<0.05). Results confirmed that in vitro rooting of G. walla could be perfected by optimizing the culture medium and its constituents.

Genome-wide analysis of the WOX gene family and function exploration of RhWOX331 in rose (R. 'The Fairy').

WOXs are a class of plant-specific transcription factors that play key roles in plant growth and stress responses. However, the mechanism by which WOXs influence adventitious root development in Rosa hybrida remains unclear. In this study, RcWOX gene family in rose was identified and phylogenetically analyzed using bioinformatics analysis. A total of 381 RcWOX gene members were localized on seven chromosomes except of nine members. The main cis-acting elements involved in hormonal, light, developmental, and abiotic stress responses were identified in the promoters of RcWOX genes, suggesting their regulation by these signals. Nine RhWOX genes had significant different expression during rooting process of rose. RhWOX331, RhWOX308, RhWOX318 were positive with the formation of rose roots. RhWOX331 was positively involved in the formation of adventitious root primordia, which gene coding a transcription factor localized in the nucleus. The HOX conserved domain in the protein contributed to the self-activating activity of RhWOX331. We obtained genetically modified Arabidopsis to validate the function of RhWOX331. Overexpression of RhWOX331 gene alleviated the inhibition of root length of A. thaliana primary roots by high concentration of IBA and NPA, and significantly increased the number of lateral roots on the primary roots, as well as the height of A. thaliana plants. Additionally, RhWOX331 promoted adventitious root formation in A. thaliana and mitigated hormonal inhibition by exogenous 6-BA, NPA, and GA3. The RhWOX331 promoter contained cis-acting elements such as ABRE, Box 4 and CGTCA-motif et.al. GUS activity analysis showed that the gene acted at the cotyledon attachment site. Taken together, these studies identified a significant expansion of the RcWOX gene family, inferred roles of certain branch members in adventitious root formation, elucidated the function of RhWOX331 in adventitious root initiation, and laid the foundation for further research on the function of WOX gene family in roses.

Rooting Medium and Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) Stimulate Adventitious Rooting in Codiaeum ‘Aucubaefolia’

The bright coloring of Codiaeum 'Aucubaefolia' leaves has attracted high demand in the floriculture crop industry. The stimulatory effect of rooting hormone (indole-3-butyric acid; IBA) and rooting media on adventitious root growth of 'Aucubaefolia' was evaluated. The study was conducted as two experiments to determine the rooting performance of ‘Aucubaefolia’ stem cuttings. The first experiment was designed to test the rooting performances of unrooted cuttings after a 48-hour cold storage condition at 21°C. The influence of rooting media and IBA on the development of rooted cuttings was assessed in experiment two. Coir dust and jiffy pellet were tested as two media and 0 mg·L-1, 250 mg·L-1, 500 mg·L-1, and 1000 mg·L-1 were tested as four concentrations of IBA. The most significant effects were shown by rooting media on the rooting of ‘Aucubaefolia’ stem cuttings. Among the two media, the jiffy pellet reported the highest number of roots per cutting, root-to-shoot ratio, and average root diameter. The coir dust medium showed the minimum days to root initiation. The application of 500 mg·L-1 IBA experienced the highest number of roots in jiffy pellet medium. Subsequently, the vegetative propagation of C. variegatum ‘Aucubaefolia’ using stem cuttings was significantly influenced by the rooting medium and IBA concentration.

Impact of Iba and Naa Concentrations on Growth Characteristics of MR2 Mulberry (Morus sinensis) Using Mini-Clonal Technology at Nursery Level

Using mini-clonal technology, an experiment was carried out to examine the effects of rooting hormone on the growth and rooting characteristics of the mulberry (Morus sinensis L.) variety 'MR2'. Cuttings from the apical shoots of the mulberry variety MR2, which is the popular variety among farmers and have good resistance towards mildew attack was taken for the study. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Sericulture, Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam. Four replications of the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experiment were used to arrange the data. Two hormones, such as Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and Napthalene acetic acid (NAA), were used in the experiment. The hormones were replicated four times in each of the following concentration ranges: 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 ppm. Different hormone concentrations were applied to apical shoot cuttings before they were planted in the appropriate rooting medium in a greenhouse. At the 90th day, measurements were taken of the following parameters like shoot length (cm), number of roots per plant (no’s), root length (cm) and number of leaves per plant (no’s). IBA and NAA at 5000 ppm out performed all other treatments in terms of mulberry mini cutting growth and root characteristics.

Quality and resistance optimization of banana (Musa acuminata L.) vegetative seeds through the addition of indole butyric acid with biological agents induction against fusarium wilt disease intensity

Banana plants are a vital agricultural commodity in Indonesia, but Fusarium wilt disease (Fusarium oxysporum) significantly hampers production. This research aims to improve the quality and resilience of vegetative banana seedlings by selecting superior seedlings and vegetative propagation techniques such as budding, shoot cutting, and tissue culture management. The research used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial with a combination of two factors, namely the addition of IBA and biological agents, with nine treatment combinations and three replications. IBA treatment significantly affected the initial emergence of shoots and leaf area, with the best result from treatment Z2 (IBA concentration of 1.5 g/l). The biological agent factor treatment significantly affected plant height, lower stem diameter, number of leaves, and hypothetical vigor index, with the best value shown by treatment B1. The use of IBA and biological agents can optimize the quality and resilience of vegetative banana seedlings, aiding farmers in enhancing the productivity and quality of agricultural products sustainably.

Influence of the Culture Conditions on Camellia sinensis Cell Cultures.

Since the last century, it has been shown that dedifferentiated cells of Camellia sinensis can produce catechins and other secondary metabolites under in vitro conditions, with potential applications in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. In this work, cell suspension cultures of a C. sinensis cell line (LSC-5Y) were established in a liquid medium in order to optimize the biomass productivity, catechin monomer (GC, EGC, C, EC, CG, and ECG) and alkaloid (TB and CAF) productivity. The following factors were evaluated: concentration of growth regulators (BA and IBA), inoculum size, age of the cell line, light exposure, and effect of biotic elicitors (MeJA and extracts of Ciborinia camelliae). GC, EGC, and ECG increased approximately 1.80-fold when the auxin IBA concentration was increased from 0.1 to 2.0 mg/L. In addition, better productivity of EGC, C, EC, and CAF was achieved by using inoculum densities between 50 and 100 g/L. Although lower inoculum densities (25 g/L) showed a higher growth rate (0.20 d-1), the use of inoculum densities higher than 25 g/L favors a 2-4-fold increase in total catechin (TC) productivity, with maximum productivity being reached after 21 days of culture. However, the cell line showed instability in TC productivity: in the short term (in three successive subcultures), the coefficient of variation was 32.80%, and catechin production capacity was 2.5 years with maximum productivity at 0.5 years. Finally, it was observed that ethanol, used as an elicitor solvent, has a strong elicitor effect capable of increasing the accumulation of catechins up to 5.24 times compared to the treatment without an elicitor.

Research on the rapid tissue breeding technology of the endangered plant Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm.

Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm., a fern, holds significant value in traditional Chinese medicine. This research aimed to establish a rapid tissue breeding technology for Cibotium barometz (L.) and provide a theoretical basis for its artificial breeding and industrial planting. The optimum conditions for spores germination were selected, including both the best sterilization time and the ideal spore germination medium. Subsequently, the optimal medium for proliferation and differentiation were chosen, and the optimal concentration of plant hormones was screened to determine the optimal medium. The rooting experiment was performed in two single-factor experiments by using differentiated sporophytes as materials. These experiments showed that the optimal sterilization time was 11 min and the best medium for germination was 1/8MS + 0.02 mg/L IAA. MS medium was suitable for proliferation, while WPM medium was suitable for sporophyte differentiation. The best medium for growth was MS + 1.0 mg/L IAA + 0.5 mg/L 6-BA. In the absence of sucrose, the seedlings barely grew and failed to differentiate into sporophytes. They showed optimal growth and differentiation at a sucrose concentration of 20 g/L. The plant growth regulators plant growth regulators used, including IAA, NAA, 6-BA, and GA3, showed more effective differentiation, wherease KT had a slightly weaker effect. The rooting rate reached the maximum when the concentrations of ABT and IBA were at 1.5 mg•L− 1 and IAA was at 1.0 mg•L− 1. The IBA had a significant effect on the average and the longest root length, while the three PGRs had no obvious effect on the average or maximum diameter. Plant tissue culture seedlings still have good genetic stability after subsequent generation. In this study, the optimal cultivation conditions for rapid breeding technology in tissue culture, covering stages from germination and growth to differentiation and rooting, were obtained. Moreover, sporophytes were successfully transplanted to the external environment. This study provided a theoretical reference for the industrial planting of C. barometz.

Standardization of Propagation Techniques in Annual Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) for Enhancing Crop Uniformity

An investigation on annual Moringa, Moringa oleifera Lam., var., (PKM 1 and PKM2) with the objective of standardizing the method of vegetative propagation was carried out at Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam. the treatment consisted of three factors viz., cultivars (Factor 1: Moringa variety PKM 1 and PKM2), propagation methods (Factor 2: hardwood cuttings, semi hardwood cuttings and air layering) and application of different concentration of growth regulator IBA (Factor 3:0, 1500, 2500 and 4000 ppm) and the trial was laid out with twenty four treatments using Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The overall result revealed that the treatment combinations of PKM 1 air layering treated with IBA 4000 ppm registered the highest dry matter content of root (70.00%) and PKM 1 hardwood cuttings treated with IBA 4000 ppm recorded the highest dry shoot to root ratio (9.19). In PKM 2 semi hardwood cuttings treated with IBA 1500 ppm registered the highest root length (16.30cm) and dry matter content of shoot (61.99%). PKM 2 air layers treated with IBA 4000 ppm took minimum number of days to root (17.99 days), days to sprout (9.85 days) had the highest root fresh weight (2.70g), root dry weight (1.80g), shoot fresh weight (12.52g) and shoot dry weight (6.90g). This study concluded that air layering with 2500 to 4000 ppm IBA treatment is best pro pragation method for PKM1 and PKM 2 annual moringa.

Effect of auxin on in vitro rooting of the triploid Musa paradisiaca L. cv. Nendran (AAB)

Banana is an important fruit crops of the family Musaceae. Tissue culture multiplication of banana is now popular and preferred due to faster multiplication, uniformly and cost-effective production of healthy planting materials. The following work was take on to study the result of various concentrations of auxin (indole-3-butyric acid-IBA). Shoots derived from sucker explants after a series of multiplication (4 to 5), regenerated plants having 4.5 cm length were dissected out and rooted in different concentrations of auxin (IBA) (0.5 to 3.5 mg/L). Root production was started after 10 days of culture and the data taken after 20 days. From all the treatment tested all media concentrations produce roots at varied level with in a period of 15-20 days of culture. Media having concentrations of IBA were used to induce in vitro rooting in plantlets of Musa cv. Nendran after six sub cultures including elongation. The elongated shoots harvested from culture bottles were transferred to MS solid media supplemented with auxin IBA at varied concentrations. The root induction rate varied from one media concentration to another. The present study revealed that IBA (1.0 mg/L) was found to be most applicable hormone for root induction in sucker shoot tip explants of Musa cv. Nendran.

Influence of different growing media and IBA concentration on rooting of cutting in mulberry (Morus alba L.)

Influence of different growing media and IBA concentration on rooting of cutting in mulberry (Morus alba L.)

Optimizing rooting conditions for Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers) cuttings: Exploring the impact of IBA concentration and growing media

Optimizing rooting conditions for Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers) cuttings: Exploring the impact of IBA concentration and growing media

Development of a Suitable in vitro Regeneration Protocol for Rahangala Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia L.) in Sri Lanka

The limitation of planting material is the major drawback to expanding pear cultivation in Sri Lanka. Hence, an in vitro protocol was developed to produce planting material for the pear variety of Rahangala. Pear shoots were used as explants and surface sterilization of explants was done using 0.5% and 1% (w/v) AgNO3 for 15 min, 5% and 10% (v/v) NaOCl for 5, 10 and 15 min. In vitro shoot multiplication and root induction were found to be suitable in full and half strengths of MS medium respectively supplemented with various concentrations of BAP (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 mg/l), IBA (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 mg/l) and NAA (0.1 mg/l). Acclimatization was conducted in pots containing different proportions of topsoil, compost, coir dust and sand. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used as an experimental design for this study. During sterilization of explants, the survival rate of 86.6% was recorded after 3 weeks where the treatment was done with 1% AgNO3, and 10% NaOCl for 10 min. BAP (3.0 mg/l) produced the best shoot multiplication (1.46 ± 0.2). Significantly (p<0.05), the highest mean number of roots (1.93 ± 0.98), average length (60.6 mm), and rooting percentage (68%) were observed in ½ MS medium with 4.0 mg/l IBA. After five weeks of transplantation in pots, 100% of plantlets survived in topsoil, compost, coir dust, and sand in a ratio of 1:1:1:1 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 34(1): 25-33, 2024 (June)

Processing browning and increasing multiplication and rotting of Peach rootstock cv. Garnem by using antioxidants and plant growth regulators in vitro

The study aimed to find an accurate propagation program for the rootstock of peach Prunus persica cv. Garnem. The apical shoots and nodes of this rootstock were used as explants for the stages of initiation and multiplication, and they were planted on MS medium after adding different concentrations of Active Charcoal (AC), Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP), and Benzyl adenine (BA). The shoots were planted for the purpose of rooting on MS medium containing different concentrations of salts (1/4 MS, 1/2 MS and full MS salts) with different concentrations of IBA. In the establishment phase, the apical shoots grown on medium supplied with AC were given the highest response rate, the highest average length of plantlet, and the highest number of leaves. The best multiplication of explants in terms of the number of shoots and their length were obtained when cultivated on a medium supplemented with BA at 1 and 2 mg.L-1, whereas the application of BA at 1 mg. L-1 to the cultivated nodes gave the highest number of leaves. The best rooting percent was obtained when plantlets were s treated with 2 mg. L-1 was applied to 1/4 MS medium. The highest number of roots was obtained from plantlets grown in 1/2 MS medium treated with IBA at 3 mg.L-1, whereas the longest root was obtained from plantlets grown in 1/2 MS medium treated with 1 mg.L-1IBA.

Efficacy of Different Concentrations of IBA and NAA on Growth of Hardwood Cuttings of Fig (Ficus carica L.) cv Dinkar

An investigation was conducted to know the influence of growth hormones on shoot growth in hardwood cuttings of fig (Ficus carica L.). The experiment was set up in RBD having thirty cuttings with three replications treated with different concentrations of growth hormones viz., T1 (IBA 1000 ppm), T2 (IBA 2000 ppm), T3 (NAA 1000 ppm), T4 (NAA 2000 ppm), T5 (IBA 1000 ppm + NAA 1000 ppm), T6 (IBA 2000 ppm + NAA 2000 ppm) along with control. Present study revealed earliest sprouting, maximum shoot diameter, shoot length and number of leaves, fresh and dry weights shoot with T6 (IBA 2000 ppm + NAA 2000 ppm). On the basis of findings of this study fig hardwood cuttings treated with IBA 2000 ppm + NAA 2000 ppm under the shade house conditions can be recommended to nursery growers and researchers to obtain desirable shoot growth under Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh.

Influence of Iba Concentrations on in Vitro Rooting of Cucumber Varieties

In vitro root induction was observed in cucumber as influenced by varieties and IBA concentrations. Four cucumber varieties viz. Shila, Green Field, Shital and Shahi-50 and three IBA concentrations viz. 0.0 (Control), 1.0, and 2.0 mg l-1 were used in this investigation. The Shital variety with in maximum number and the highest percentage of shoot produced roots. No root induction was observed when medium was auxin free. Higher concentration of IBA resulted in higher number (3.94) and percentage (98.65 %) of root. Half strength MS medium when fortified with 2.0 mg l-1 IBA took minimum time (6.88 days). Combined effect of varieties and IBA concentrations were found significant in all the parameters studied. The highest number (19.54) of roots were obtained from variety Shital when they were interacted with higher IBA concentration (2.0 mg l-1) followed by the interaction of same variety with lower concentration (19.18). The highest root length (8.80 cm) was found in the interaction of Shila x 2.0 mg l-1 IBA and the lowest root length (6.31 cm) was found in the interaction of Shahi-50 x 1.0 mg l-1 IBA. The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 7(1 &2):01-10, 2012

Stem Cutting Propagation and Micropropagation of Northern Bayberry

Northern bayberry [Morella (formerly Myrica) pensylvanica] is an attractive, adaptable, semievergreen, northeastern North American native shrub that is sought for landscaping but difficult to propagate clonally. The impact of timing (June, July, or August) and concentration of indole-3-butyric acid [IBA (0, 2000, 4000 or 8000 ppm)] on propagation by stem cuttings was evaluated for genotypes of northern bayberry including the female cultivars Bobzam (Bobbee™) and UConn Compact and an unnamed male. Medium formulation and cytokinin type were evaluated for micropropagation of ‘Bobzam’ and ‘UConn Compact’. Stem cuttings of ‘Bobzam’ and ‘UConn Compact’ rooted poorly (at ≤55% and ≤20%, respectively) at all timings and concentrations of IBA; however, rooting success of ≥85% was achieved for the unnamed male genotype when cuttings were taken in June. Micropropagation of ‘Bobzam’ was successful using Woody Plant medium with 4 mg·L−1 zeatin and explants taken from shoots that had expanded 12 to 18 cm on containerized stock plants. Initiated explants of ‘Bobzam’ required eight subcultures before they began to produce shoots consistently at a 2× multiplication rate and eventually reached a 3× multiplication rate. Micropropagation attempts using Murashige and Skoog medium, the cytokinins 6-benzylaminopurine, meta-topolin, and thidiazuron, or the cultivar ‘UConn Compact’ were unsuccessful. Microshoots of ‘Bobzam’ rooted at ≥80% either by in vitro prerooting or ex vitro rooting directly in trays. Rooted microcuttings easily acclimated to greenhouse conditions and grew rapidly when potted to 1.04-L containers and then into 5.68-L containers. The micropropagation protocol developed for ‘Bobzam’ can be used by propagators to expand production of this popular female cultivar.

Studies on Effect of IBA Concentrations and Planting Times on Propagation of Different Varieties of Rose (Rosa hybrida Vill.)

The conventional method of rose propagation involves budding on one year old field established rootstock plants. For multiplication of plants, cutting is the simplest way of propagation of desirable rose varieties. There are relatively few varieties that develop roots, so exogenous application of growth promoters is essential. In order to study the effects of different concentrations of IBA (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm) on rooting of different varieties (English Holiday, Eiffel Tower, Don Don, Confetti and Iceberg) of rose, during planting times viz., February, July, October and December, It was found that 500 ppm IBA resulted in maximum number of roots (15.66), number of leaves (22.33), the percentage of survival (50%), shoot length (13.23 cm), fresh weight of roots (4.80 g) and stem (5.93 g), dry weight of roots (4.36 g) and stem (4.33 g) and took minimum days (13.00) for leaf bud initiation, whereas,the maximum root length (7.80 cm) was found in 1000 ppm IBA in Eiffel Tower variety and control treatment had the lowest effect on the different traits of rooting in rose cutting . Among different varieties, Eiffel Tower was found to be best in terms of different traits, whereas English Holiday and Confetti didn't respond to any of the planting times and treatments. Cuttings planted in February showed the highest effect on their evaluated traits with a significant difference with those planted in July and October, whereas in December planting time, zero survival rates was observed.