Hysteretic Loops Research Articles

Hysteresis in streamflow‐water table relation provides a new classification system of rainfall‐runoff events

AbstractRainfall‐runoff event types can be used to better understand the hydrological functioning of catchments. In this study, we propose a framework to characterize and classify runoff events relying on the hysteresis analysis of the relation between streamflow (independent variable) and depth to water table (dependent variable). We evaluated hysteresis for 112 rainfall‐runoff events occurred in the period 2012–2016 in a small forested catchment in the Italian Pre‐Alps. Three main groups of rainfall‐runoff events were identified, each associated with specific hydro‐meteorological characteristics of the events. A first group, identified by a faster response of streamflow compared to the groundwater level (which led to a clockwise hysteretic loop), was characterized by dry antecedent conditions, short rainfall events, low streamflow peaks and small runoff coefficients. A second group had characteristics similar to the first group, that is, faster response of streamflow compared to the groundwater level (clockwise hysteretic loop), but on average displayed a narrower hysteretic loop. A third group, identified by a faster response of the groundwater level compared to streamflow (which led to an anti‐clockwise loop), was characterized by wet antecedent conditions, long rainfall events, high streamflow peaks and large runoff coefficients. Results showed statistically significant differences among the groups, corroborated by an analysis based on environmental tracers (2H and electrical conductivity). This study shows how the analysis of the hysteretic relation between streamflow and depth to water table can be used for grouping rainfall‐runoff events and to better identify the catchment's hydrological response to rainfall inputs.

Rainstorms Inducing Shifts of River Hydrochemistry during a Winter Season in the Central Appalachian Region

Rainstorms rapidly change catchment conditions which can alter river flow and water constituents due to the transport and fate of suspended and dissolved solids and the river water chemistry. To understand river water chemistry changes, this investigation relies on field data collected during a winter season. The Kanawha River in West Virginia was monitored using grab water samples and continuous readings from two water quality stations (Q1 and Q2) separated by 23.5 km. Water samples allowed the identification of water chemistry, whereas the two stations retrieved hourly measurements of temperature, turbidity, NO3−, Cl− and pH to capture transient rainstorm responses. It was found through the Piper diagram that water type was mainly calcium-chloride, whereas the Gibbs diagram identified that the dominant geochemical process was rock weathering. On the other hand, during transient rainstorms responses, we found that concentrations of HCO3−, NO3− and Cl− changed from bicarbonate type to no dominant type. Furthermore, hysteretic effects of rainstorms were influenced by the soil moisture of the catchment area. Additionally, HCO3− and NO3− had different hysteretic loop directions between Q1 and Q2. This approach proved that river water chemistry adjustments caused by rainstorms were successfully identified by relying on grab water samples and continuous measurements.

Runoff sediment characteristics affected by erosive rainfall patterns in a small watershed in karst areas of southwest China

Few studies have focused on observing long-term localized runoff and sediment yield at a small watershed scale in karst areas in southwest China. In addition, the study of soil erosion mechanisms have also been unsatisfactory. Using hydrological data from 2014 to 2019, this study investigated the rainfall, runoff, and sediment yields in the Mahuangtian small watershed, where covered an area of 2.26 km2. The results showed mean values of 124 t/(km2·a) and 13.8 mm for the sediment modulus and runoff depth, respectively. Using the K-medoids clustering method, 112 erosive rainfall events were classified into three types of rainfall patterns based on duration (TR), rainfall depth (R), and maximum 30-minute rainfall intensity (I30). Pattern A was characterized by the shortest TR, lowest R, and highest I30; pattern B was characterized by medium TR, R, and I30; and pattern C was characterized by the longest TR, highest R, and lowest I30. Pattern B caused the largest runoff and sediment yield in the watershed, implying that further attention should be focused on this rainfall pattern to control soil and water loss. In addition, hysteretic loop analyses of suspended sediment concentration and flood discharge suggest that complex and clockwise loops were dominant for all events. This study found that the deposition stored in the subterranean river was the main source of sediment for the watershed. The results of this study provide useful information regarding the relationship between rainfall and runoff sediment in a small karst watershed and advance research on soil erosion mechanisms in karst areas.

Seismic Performance of Composite Shear Walls Filled with Demolished Concrete Lumps and Self-Compacting Concrete after Fire

In order to provide a good solution for the treatment and utilization of construction waste, especially waste concrete and to promote the development of green construction to some extent, in this paper, a new composite shear wall filled with demolished concrete lumps (DCLs) and self-compacting concrete (SCC) was proposed, and its seismic performance after fire was investigated. Based on quasi-static tests of four composite shear walls filled with DCLs and SCC, three after a standard fire and one contrastive specimen without fire, the effects of fire exposure time, fire-retardant coating on the edge constraint steel pipe column, and the width-thickness ratio on seismic performance of composite shear walls after fire were studied. The failure patterns, bearing capacity, hysteretic loops, ductility, skeleton curves, rigidity degradation curves, and energy dissipation of shear walls were analyzed and compared. Test results indicate that the bearing capacity of the shear wall after 60 min of standard fire is slightly lower than the contrastive specimen without fire, but specimens still have good seismic performance. The interlayer displacement angle of the shear wall after a fire still meets the requirement of regulations. The fire-retardant coating on the edge of concealed steel pipe column has a limited effect on the seismic performance of specimens after a fire. The horizontal bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of shear walls after a fire can obviously be improved by properly increasing the width-thickness ratio.

Investigation on drift ratio limits of PVA fiber reinforced concrete columns under different performance levels based on the Kunnath damage model

Within the context of the performance-based seismic design (PBSD), it is crucial to determine the drift ratio limits of PVA-FRCs under different performance levels. In this article, seven PVA fibers and high strength steel bars reinforced concrete columns were designed, and the quasi-static test was carried out to investigate their failure models and hysteretic loops. The calculated damage indexes using the Kunnath damage model were compared with the measured damage index ranges. The results indicated that the Kunnath damage model could accurately calculate the damage indexes of PVA-FRCs. According to the failure process of columns, the cracking point, yield point, peak point and ultimate point were used as the performance level control points of PVA-FRCs. Based on the idea of PBSD, the seismic performance levels of PVA-FRCs were divided into normal operation performance level, temporary operation performance level, reparable operation performance level, life safety performance level and collapse prevention performance level. Combined with the fiber concrete column test data in the references, the relative frequency statistics of the drift ratios of 38 PVA-FRCs at each feature point were carried out. The drift ratio limits under different performance levels and the corresponding damage indexes for PVA fiber reinforced concrete columns were established. Through the statistical analysis of relative frequency, the drift ratio limits of PVA-FRCs under different performance levels with more than 85% safety assurance rate were obtained, which were 1/300, 1/150, 1/80, 1/55 and 1/40, respectively. The performance level, damage state, lateral drift ratio limit and damage index were combined to form a relatively complete system to provide a reference for the anti-seismic repair of PVA fiber reinforced concrete structures.

Seismic and failure behavior simulation for RC shear walls under cyclic loading based on vector form intrinsic finite element

Seismic performance and failure mode simulations for reinforced concrete (RC) structures are impeded by large deformations and material nonlinearity particularly when subjected to the combined action of compression, bending and shear. Structural deformation and failure analysis based on traditional finite element (FE) often fails for the small–deformation assumption and global equilibrium. Moreover, it remains difficult to obtain convergence results for the existing FE methods by applying general concrete constitutive models for the complicity of anisotropic materials. To simulate the hysteretic performance and the damage development process of the RC shear wall under cyclic loading, the vector form intrinsic finite element (VFIFE) method with independent particles was adopted and combined with the two-directional concrete constitutive model considering the loading and unloading rules to perform large deformation and damage estimations. Concrete planar triangular element and fiber element for steel bar equipped with the hysteretic constitutive models were used to model six RC shear walls with different design parameters. Owing to the merits of avoiding repeated accumulation of the global stiffness matrix for vector mechanics, the planar structural behaviors involving biaxial stress–strain and loading–unloading behavior were numerically demonstrated. The simulated results were in close agreement with the experimental tests, including the hysteretic loop, skeleton curve, bending–shear deformation, and damage mode. This research also provides successive evidence for damage process simulation by VFIFE for RC structures under seismic loading considering a comprehensive constitutive relation.

Mechanical Properties of Low Carbon Alloy Steel with Consideration of Prior Fatigue and Plastic Damages

Mechanical properties, including the fatigue behavior of metals, are usually determined from damage-free specimens, but it is not well known how these properties change with respect to prior damages; hence, the present work aims to understand the remaining mechanical properties of low carbon alloy steel Q345q with pre-damages. Low-cycle fatigue tests on the damage free specimens, tensile tests on the low-cycle fatigue damaged specimens, and fatigue tests on the plastic deformed specimens were carried out, respectively. The low-cycle fatigue life prediction formula was proposed. The influences of different kinds of pre-damages on the residual mechanical properties were analyzed. Results show that the stable hysteretic loops in the low-cycle fatigue tests are well-stacked. The material illustrates Masing behavior, and it has a good energy dissipation capacity. The ductility of the low-cycle fatigue-damaged materials decreases significantly in comparison with the undamaged ones. The low-cycle fatigue lives of Q345q steel are almost unaffected, so long as the pre-applied tensile strain is lower than 10%.

Using Dynamic Impedance Spectroscopy to Deconvolute Memory Elements in Droplet Interface Bilayers

The underlying principles for generating and storing memory in living organisms differ significantly from traditional hard-matter-based circuits. Bio-inspired membranes are ideal platforms for exploring biomimetic neuromorphic equivalents as they offer novel forms of tunable plasticity and diverse mechanisms to control functionality. Droplet interface bilayers (DIBs) are inherently nanostructures that show electrical properties that are extremely sensitive to nano-scale perturbation. We will demonstrate how dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (dEIS) can follow molecular-level restructuring in DIBs that lead to hysteretic loops and mem-behaviors in lipid bilayers in response to electrical biasing. We deconvoluted the DIB system’s memristance and memcapacitance by measuring the time-dependent complex impedance to show that if the bilayer’s structure (thickness or area) changes, these quantities contain the same information; however, if a phase transition occurs, then these responses have additional information. Figure 1, demonstrates both the DIBs platform two major modes of voltage-inducing physical change that can occur in bilayers. Through correlation analysis of the capacitance/resistance, we show that memory processes caused by lipid bilayer expansion, or contraction, do not affect the observed electrical charge/discharge time constant. However, phase transitions resulting in new solvation or lipid structures affect the extracted electrical time constant. In short, dEIS coupled with time-constant analysis provides a means for extracting individual memory elements from a simple two-terminal device, thereby multiplexing the function and potential computational throughput. Figure 1

Quasi-static test of the lattice-type railway bridge pier with replaceable connection component

Replaceable components are beneficial to functionality rapid restoration of structures after earthquakes, which is a good option for seismic design of resilient bridges. In this study, a lattice-type bridge pier with replaceable connection component was proposed for railway bridges. Large initial stiffness was provided by using steel truss connection system as replaceable connection component between two concrete columns. A 1/12-scaled bridge pier model was designed and fabricated to investigate its cyclic responses by quasi-static testing. It was proved that the replaceable connection component can be easily assembled between concrete columns and work well together with them. During testing, cracks occurred at the concrete columns and crack zone extended with the increase of loading displacement. At the later loading stage, some of steel rods of the connection component between the concrete columns began to yield, the hysteretic loop of the bridge pier showed obvious pinching effect. However, concrete columns were prevented to be severely damaged due to the sacrifice of replaceable connection components. There were differences in the strain distribution of the replaceable connection component and not all the replaceable components yielded during testing. Thus, steel rods with varied strength should be used in replaceable components for the lattice-type railway bridge pier. Otherwise, it should balance the stiffness and ductile in seismic design for the lattice-type railway bridge pier with replaceable connection component.

Constitutive model for cyclic behavior of mild steel under various strain amplitudes

To enable accurate simulation of steel material under various loadings, cyclic behaviors of mild steel Q235 were extensively investigated through experimental analysis and constitutive modeling in this work. The studied steel was tested under cyclic loading protocols with constant strain amplitudes and variable strain amplitudes. The evolutions of stress amplitude, effective stress and back stress components, and elastic stiffness during the whole cyclic loading history are quantitatively scrutinized. The results demonstrate that mild steel exhibits cyclic capacity depended strongly on strain amplitude. Besides, the strain history effect depends on both the historical maximum strain amplitude and the target unloading strain amplitude, indicating the existence of a critical state for the incomplete evanescence of strain memory surface to be activated. An abrupt drop of effective stress at onset of plastic straining is observed in experimental tests and contributes to the early re-yielding of the reversed curve. Furthermore, elastic stiffness in the cyclic loading phase differs much from that in initial tension. Based on those observations, a new constitutive model with robust ability to predict hysteretic behavior of structural steel under complex loading paths is proposed. This model considers the strain range dependence and the strain history dependence effects. In addition, a new method to identify the yield points of hysteretic loops is proposed in this paper to enable simulations of back stress with the Armstrong-Frederick hardening model without considering the strain range dependence effect. The validity of this model is demonstrated through comprehensive comparison between simulated results and experimental data.

Strain dependent magneto-mechanical property of magnetorheological gel composite: Rheological measurement and model establishment

Controlled over an external magnetic field, rheological response of magnetorheological gel (MRG), a smart composite that could change according to a specific stimulation, could be reversible and adjustable. This paper sheds light on the large deformation-dependent magneto-mechanical property of MRG under different working mode, i.e. quasi-static and dynamic mode, which has rarely been systematically analyzed and compared. The viscoelastic and hysteretic properties of MRG were evaluated by three kinds of experiments that were conducted under different strain excitations—linearly monotonic and cyclic strain, and harmonically cyclic strain. The results reveal that shear stress and normal stress display opposite trend with the increase of strain under quasi-static monotonic loading. A simple parametric model is proposed to describe the shear stress of MRG under quasi-static loading. Furthermore, for quantitatively characterizing the Payne effect of MRG under dynamic loading, the classical Maier-Goritz model predicting the Payne effect of material was modified by introducing a magnetic dipole theory that considers the effect of magnetic field on Payne effect. The magnetic dipole theory is established based on triangular double-chain rather than the conventional single chain. Moreover, in the presence of a magnetic field, the hysteretic loop of MRG would occur a overshoot phenomenon under dynamic working mode, which could not been found under quasi-static cyclic mode. Also, dynamic loading, compared with quasi-static one, could enable MRG to dissipate more energy. This paper is possibly conducive to understanding the working mechanisms about microstructures of MRG and designing MRG-based vibration control devices.

Magnetization recoil-curve overshoot and interaction plots in Co thin films

Recoil magnetization curves measured on Fe, Co and Ni films have recently been found to lie entirely and way outside the major hysteresis loop, a phenomenon referred to as a recoil-curve overshoot, RCO. A model of pairs of exchange-coupled grains with slightly-misaligned anisotropy axes has been able to reproduce key features of these films such as the collapse of the hard-magnetization axis with greatly enhanced remanent magnetization and coercivity, the RCO as well as kinks some major loops present near saturation. In the present work we employ an interaction plot technique in order to probe the nature of the interactions influencing the peculiar magnetization reversal. Our study on a 25-nm-thick magnetron-sputtered Co film reveals another unforeseen, in thin ferromagnetic films, features, disclosed in the vicinity of the collapsed hard axis where scissors-like magnetization reversal takes place—wholly negative interaction plots and hysteretic loops with positive recoil fields. Through model simulations we show that, contrary to the widespread notion, ferromagnetic intergrain coupling might be solely responsible for these puzzling features of ferromagnetic hysteresis.

Analysis of damage characteristics of fine and medium‐fine cracked sandstones under a complex stress path

AbstractIn underground engineering such as mining and tunnel excavation, the rock mass is often subjected to repeated loading and unloading stress environments. Herein, true triaxial cyclic loading and unloading tests are carried out on fine sandstone and medium‐fine sandstone specimens with cracks of different angles. The test results show that the mechanical properties of fine sandstone and medium‐fine sandstone samples show obvious differences, and the crack angle has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the sandstone specimen. During the experimentation, the expansion phenomenon of medium‐fine sandstone is more obvious than that of fine sandstone, and its brittleness is also weaker. The damage law of the sample has nothing to do with the type of sandstone. The damage caused by the stress in the σ1 direction varies linearly with the cumulative damage of the specimen, however, the damage caused by the directions of σ2 and σ3 grow nonlinearly in terms of the cumulative damage of the specimen. The hysteretic loop dissipated energy of the same type of sandstone specimens at different angles are dissimilar, and the dissipated energy increases with the increase of the crack angle. Based on the equivalent irreversible strain and the hysteretic loop dissipated energy, the damage law of the rock strength is analyzed. The obtained results reveal that the index based on the equivalent irreversible strain is helpful in exploring the damage degree of rock in the initial stage of cyclic loading and unloading. Furthermore, the damage index established based on the energy dissipation concept is beneficial to predicting the damage and failure law of rock in the advanced stage of loading.

Damage characteristics of sandstone with different crack angles subjected to true triaxial cyclic loading and unloading

Cracks in the rock are among crucial defects affecting its deformation and strength characteristics. Particularly in underground or mining engineering, the initiation and development of cracks due to cyclic unloading are critically affected by the fracture of the rock mass. In order to scrutinize the mechanical behavior of rocks with different crack angles, a true triaxial cyclic loading and an unloading test are carried out on sandstone samples with prefabricated cracks of various angles. The cracked sandstone samples do not considerably expand under action of triaxial stresses, commonly exhibit non-ideal elastic characteristics, and mainly undergo shear failure. As the crack angle grows, the tensile properties become pronounced, and the fracture surface morphology of the cracked samples presents a huge difference. The change rules of the irreversible axial and lateral strains are apparently different, and the rate of change of the irreversible lateral strain in terms of the applied stress is more sensitive than that of the axial irreversible strain. The energy evolution law of the hysteresis loop formed in the sample cyclic load test has no evident influence on the crack angle of the sample; however, the larger the crack angle of the sample, the more energy consumption during failure. Based on the equivalent irreversible strain and the hysteretic loop energy dissipation indicators, the damage law of sandstone samples can be described. It is also revealed that the damage rule determined according to the equivalent irreversible strain index is more conducive to characterizing the initial characteristics of damaged samples. Additionally, the damage rule determined based on the hysteretic loop energy dissipation index would better describe the damage rule associated with the understudy samples. There are obvious discrepancies in the morphological characteristics of the fracture surface in the scanning electron microscope images of the typical fracture surface of the samples with various crack angles, indicating that the damage and destruction of the sample acted upon by the shear and tensile shear are wholly dissimilar.

Investigation of Multiscaled Pore Structure of Gas Shales using Nitrogen Adsorption and FE-SEM Imaging Experiments

Nanopore in shales is the place for hydrocarbon accumulation and migration. However, there is a lack of understanding of the nanopore structure with regard to their ultratight and multiscaled nature. Here, the porous morphology of gas shales from the Sichuan Basin of China was investigated using field emission-scanning electronic microscopy (FE-SEM) with high resolution. Low-pressure nitrogen adsorption experiments at 77 K were conducted to obtain the adsorption-desorption isotherms, BET-specific surface area, pore size distribution, pore volume, and average pore diameter values. Research results show that pores of the studied shales are at the nanometer scale, and the average pore diameter is between 3 and 5 nm. The pore structure of these shales is complicated, which is not only predominately mesopores (pore diameter at 2–50 nm) but also some micropores ( pore diameter < 2 nm ) and macropores ( pore diameter > 50 nm ). The specific surface area of shales ranges from 13 to 30 m2/g. The micropore volume and mesopore volume occupy the total pore volume highly up to 77%–92%, which indicates that micropores and mesopores are the main storage place for shale gas. Through the analysis of adsorption isotherms and hysteretic loops, there are mainly two kinds of pores in shales, including ink-bottle-like pores and slit pores. Micropores of these shales are mainly related to organic matter, while macropores are mainly related to clay minerals. The estimation about porosity using the combined physical model shows that organic matter and clay minerals contribute about 50% and 33% to the porosity of these shales, respectively.

Hysteretic model and resilient application of corrugated shear panel dampers

In this study, corrugated steel shear panels were applied to a metallic shear panel damper (SPD) to improve its seismic performance. The seismic performance tests and analysis of eight specimens were performed for different corrugated steel panel directions, arrangement forms, and material strengths. The results showed that the metallic corrugated shear panel dampers (CSPDs) exhibited remarkable plastic deformation and plump hysteretic loops. The direction of corrugated shear panels had the most significant influence on the energy dissipation performance, and the results of the horizontal corrugated direction exhibited the great performance. Then, the improved Bouc–Wen model was used to predict the hysteretic behaviour of the CSPDs, and the universal global optimization algorithm was applied to identify the model parameters. Additionally, a typical 12 storey benchmark steel frame structure was retrofitted with the CSPDs to verify the application effect of the CSPDs on structural vibration control. And the seismic fragility analysis was implemented to quantify the exceeding probabilities of different damaged states for the original structure and the damper improved structure. Compared with the benchmark frame, the performance level of the damper improvement frame in operation, immediate occupancy, life safety, and collapse prevention increased by 1.51%, 11.50%, 45.59%, and 81.19%, respectively, under the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) level. The analyses showed that the CSPDs could significantly improve the seismic resilience performance of the structure.

Experimental and simulation study on the hysteretic behavior of double-ring joints for a single-layer grid shell under cyclic eccentric loading

Based on the mechanical characteristics of assembled joints in a single-layer grid shell, a cyclic eccentric loading method was designed to study the hysteretic behavior of double-ring joints under the action of axial force and moment through experiment and finite element analysis. The effects of structural parameters and axial force eccentric distance on the failure mode, hysteretic behavior and energy-dissipating capacity of double-ring joints were explored, which laid a foundation for the research on dynamic collapse properties and shape optimization of grid shell. The following conclusions were obtained: 1) Two main failure modes occurred for double-ring joints: the fracture of the bolt and the fracture of the central ring at the bolt hole. The failure mode was affected by the axial force. 2) All the hysteretic loops included five stages, and the plastic deformation of the central ring improved the energy-dissipating capacity of the joint. 3) Under the action of eccentric compression with eccentric distance δ ≤ 80 mm and eccentric tension, with increasing eccentric distance, the rotational stiffness and ultimate bending moment increases. Under the action of eccentric compression with eccentric distance δ > 80 mm, the eccentric distance has little effect on the rotational stiffness and ultimate bending moment.

Comparative analysis on the mechanical properties of mortise-tenon joints in heritage timber buildings with and without a ‘Que-Ti’ component

Three kinds of typical Chinese traditional mortise-tenon joints were tested. The effects of sparging on the deformation, hysteretic behavior, strength and stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation of the mortise-tenon joints were studied via low-cycle reversed loading tests with and without a ‘Que-Ti’ component. The results showed the following: the bearing capacity of the straight-tenon joint was the strongest, and the hysteretic loop of the through-tenon joint and half-tenon joint were asymmetric due to the asymmetry of the tenon form. The half-tenon joint was most likely to pull out the tenon, and the tenon pulling condition of the half-tenon joint can be effectively alleviated by adding a ‘Que-Ti’ component. From the perspective of energy consumption, it was found that the energy consumption capacity of the mortise-tenon joints after adding a ‘Que-Ti’ component was stronger than the joints without a ‘Que-Ti’ component. This shows that the ‘Que-Ti’ can be used as an effective component in terms of enhancing the mechanical properties of the mortise-tenon joints.

Restoring force model of steel‐recycled concrete composite frame with infilled recycled block wall

SummaryTo study the restoring force model of steel‐recycled concrete composite frame with infilled recycled block wall, the experimental results of two recycled concrete‐filled steel tube frames with infilled recycled block walls and three steel‐reinforced recycled concrete frames with infilled recycled block walls under low cyclic loading were analyzed. The four broken‐line skeleton curve model which was suitable for this kind of composite frame was proposed, and the calculation methods for different stages of the skeleton curve were given respectively. According to the hysteretic characteristics of different frame specimens, the hysteretic loops for steel‐recycled concrete composite frame with infilled recycled block wall were simplified by using the treat methods of positive and negative symmetry and sudden drop of bearing capacity, and the restoring force model for different type of steel‐recycled concrete composite frame with infilled recycled block wall was established. At the same time, combing the experimental results, the proposed restoring force model was verified. The results show that the established restoring force model can predict the hysteretic behavior of steel‐recycled concrete composite frame with infilled recycled block wall well, and it can provide theoretical support for the elastic–plastic time history analysis of this kind of frame structures under earthquake.

Damping enhanced novel re-centering seismic isolator incorporating superelastic SMA for response control of bridges under near-fault earthquakes

To enhance the bridge resilient performance, a novel re-centering seismic isolator (RSI) is developed by incorporating damping enhanced (DE)-sliding-lead rubber bearing (LRB) with superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA), which functions with the yielding-sliding hysteretic mode. The numerical model of the novel RSI is developed in OpenSees platform and validated by comparing the numerical and experimental hysteretic loops of the superelastic SMA and DE-sliding-LRB. A parametric design procedure is proposed to determine the optimum parameters of the novel RSI system. A three-span continuous girder bridge is selected to investigate the response mitigation efficiency of the novel RSI system compared with LRB system under near-fault ground motions. A systematic parametric study is conducted to design the optimal parameters of the novel RSI system for bridges. Case study is conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed design procedure and the novel RSI system for response mitigation of bridges. Results show that the damping capability is effectively enhanced by designing the friction coefficient of the sliding element. The novel RSI system can achieve dual mitigation of the displacement responses and base force in piers for bridges. Case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the novel RSI and parametric design procedure.