Hyptis Capitata Research Articles

Unveiling the Potential of Hyptis Capitata and Hyptis Brevipes Compounds in Overcoming Apoptosis Resistance and Inducing Targeted Cell Cycle Arrest in Breast Cancer Stem Cells

Breast cancer stem cells (CSC), as a kind of tumor cells, are able to regenerate themselves, leading to apoptosis resistance and cancer relapse. In this study, we investigated the potential of Hyptis Capitata and Hyptis Brevipes compounds in preventing apoptosis resistance and inducing targeted cell cycle arrest in CSC. The cytotoxic effects of the compounds were evaluated using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis induction were assessed through flow cytometry analysis. The phytochemical characterization of Hyptis bravipes extract (HBE) and Hyptis capitata extract (HCE) conducted under thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The results revealed that Hyptis Brevipes extract (HBE) exhibited strong cytotoxicity towards CSCs, with an IC50 value of 89 µg/mL. In contrast, Hyptis Capitata extract (HCE) showed weak growth inhibition, with an IC50 value greater than 500 µg/mL. Subsequent analysis demonstrated that HBE induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M and S phases and significantly increased apoptosis in the CSC population. Furthermore, phytochemical characterization using TLC and HPLC revealed that HBE and HCE share similar constituent compounds, with HBE exhibiting a more diverse compound content and stronger cytotoxic effects. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential of Hyptis Capitata and Hyptis Brevipes compounds as targeted agents against breast cancer stem cells and contribute to understanding their chemical profiles and pharmacological properties. HIGHLIGHTS Hyptis brevipes extract induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M and S phases. Cytotoxicity of Hyptis brevipes leading to apoptosis induction on CSC Hyptis brevipes significantly targeted Breast Cancer Stem Cells GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Capacity of Some Selected Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh

Medicinal plants are very much known for the presence of high amounts of different phytochemicals. Leaves of twelve medicinal plants, Andrographis paniculata, Blumea lacera, Caesalpinia bonduc, Codariocalyx motorius, Hyptis suaveolens, Vitex trifolia, Centella asiatica, Cynodon dactylon, Portulaca oleracea, Hyptis capitata, Acmella paniculata and Lippia alba grown in the Bangladesh Agricultural University Botanical Garden, had been selected to investigate the presence and status of different phytochemicals along with the antioxidant activity. This article revealed that all of these medicinal plants contained high amounts of different phytochemicals. The phenolics contents ranged from 118.98– 288.62 mg GAE/ 100 g FW, flavonoids (95.19– 198.51 mg QE/ 100 g FW), FRAP values (0.4523– 3.4390 µmol Fe2+/ g FW), IC50 values– amounts required to scavenge DPPH radicals (3.376– 38.56 mg/ mL), vitamin- C (10.418– 41.763 mg/ 100 g FW), total chlorophyll (0.7818– 4.2185 mg/ 100 g FW), carotenoids (0.4614– 1.8557 µg/ g FW), and among which, H. suaveolens and H. capitata from the Lamiaceae family showed the best performances regarding the most of the parameters. Based on the results of the present investigation, it may be concluded that these medicinal plants possess excellent amounts of different phytochemicals and are a good source of antioxidants, which indicates their potential in various ethnomedicinal studies and therapeutic uses. Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(2): 373-380, 2024 (June)

A Feasibility Inquiry to the Sustainable Utilization of Few Invasive Flora

Objectives: The study focuses on utilising invasive flora affecting the indigenous plants and thereby bring about monetary benefits to the local people by means of handmade papers from the invasive weeds. Methods: Handmade paper from five invasive plants namely, Eichhornia crassipes, Eupatorium odorata, Combretum indicum, Lantana camara and Hyptis capitata was attempted. These plants after collection from Nilambur, Kerala were subjected to treatment with washing soda, blending, vat preparation, moulding and drying. This is followed by checking the paper quality parameters viz., Productivity, Clarity/opacity/transparency, Strength, Grammage, Paper grain, Ageing of paper and Moisture content. Findings: Out of the five invasive plants tested, the fibre yield was maximum for Eichhornia, but the productivity rate was less compared to other samples. Lantana and Hyptis yielded maximum productivity even though the fibre yield from these plants was less. The fibre uniformity of paper developed was positively detected for all the 4 plants except Eichhornia thereby proving the feasibility for paper manufacture. All sample paper allows the light; so, all are translucent in nature. Integrity of paper samples was retained in the paint test. The age test also yielded positive results. The gsm test showed lowest for Eichhornia as 98.12g/m2; Lantana 111.87g/m2; Combretum 131.87g/m2; Hyptis 163.75g/m2; Eupatorium is 255g/m2. Even though the gsm of Eichhornia is the best for paper manufacture according to gsm standards, the lack of fibre uniformity is a withdrawing feature for feasibility. The moisture content appeared high for Eichhornia and lowest for Combretum. Novelty: To date, studies on invasive plant utilisation done individually; no comparative study on productivity done. Current study can be further refined for environmental sustenance along with livelihood for local people. Keywords: Invasive Flora, Paper manufacture, Grammage test, Productivity, Ecological sustainability

HYPTISCAPITATA JACQ. (HYPTIDINAE: LAMIACEAE) NEW RECORD FOR FLORA OF MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

Hyptis capitata Jacq. reported here first time from the Southern Konkan region of Maharashtra. Previously, this species was recorded from Andaman and Nicobar Island, Kerala, Tripura, West Bengal and Goa. In the present article brief description, photographs, and relevant notes are provided to facilitate its easy identification.

Antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of Knobweed (Hyptis capitata) root methanol extract on WiDr colorectal cancer cells

Methanol extract of Knobweed (Hyptis capitata) root has cytotoxic activity on WiDr cells, but the mechanism of its anticancer action as well as the secondary metabolite contents have not been further explored. This study aimed to extract the roots of H. capitata by a graded maceration, using absolute chloroform and absolute methanol. Methanol extract was used for subsequent assays to trace the mechanism of anti-cancer action. Tests carried out include a doubling time test with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide as well as an apoptosis test with Annexin V-PI Flow cytometry method. The secondary metabolite content was identified by the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that, H. capitata root methanol extract treatment caused morphological changes on WiDr cells. Moreover, the treatment suppressed the cellular proliferation, indicating that it can provide an anti-proliferation effect. Furthermore, the extract treatment at IC50 and 2IC50 caused 65.45% and 97.6% of apoptosis cells respectively. These results proved that H. capitata root methanolic extract has anticancer activity with anti-proliferation properties and the ability to trigger apoptosis on WiDr cells. Phytochemical compounds that might play a role as anti-cancer, among others include chatecol, 9-hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoid acid-ethyl ester, methyl stearate, ferruginol, retinoic acid, campesterol, stigmasterol and ?-sitosterol.

Mosquito larvicidal activity of Hyptis capitata leaves ethanolic extract and fraction against Culex quinquefasciatus

Larvicidal potential of Hyptis capitata grown in Indonesia has not been extensively studied. Its leaves are extracted with the maceration method using ethanol as the solvent. Furthermore, this study aims to use the ethanolic leaf extract of the H. capitata for larvicidal assays against instar III/IV larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus with different concentrations, including 1000, 500, 250, 125, and 62.5 µg/mL. Fractionation of the extract was carried out by vacuum liquid chromatography, and obtained four fractions, namely fractions F1, F2, F3, F4. Fractions were also used for the larvicidal assay. The constituents of the extract were then analyzed with the GC-MS method to predict the components involved in its toxicity. Larvicidal data obtained were analyzed using regression analysis to determine the LC50 value. Analysis of variance was carried out with one-way ANOVA using Tuckey HSD-test on the SPSS ver. 26 at 95% confidence and significance P<0.05. H. capitata ethanolic leaf extract has a higher level of toxicity than its fraction, with LC50 value 990.90 µg/mL. H. capitata ethanolic leaf extract are capable of providing a toxic effect on larvae, with a mortality percentage of up to 50% more. Some compounds that were assumed to play a role in its toxicity include pentadecanoic acid, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-, methyl ester; 1-heptadecyne; 9-tetradecen-1-ol, acetate; oxyrane, deodecyl-; 9,12,15-octadecatrienal; and 6,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol. These finding indicate that the ethanolic leaf extract of H. capitata has the potential to be developed as a biolarvicidal agent against C. quinquefasciatus.

Acute toxicity and anticancer potential of knobweed (Hyptis capitata) ethanolic leaf extract and fraction

Ethanolic leaf extract of Hyptis capitata Jacq. showed a toxic effect on Artemia salina larvae1. The extract was simplified through fractionation using vacuum liquid chromatography to trace compounds with biological activity. The F1, F2, F3 and F4 fractions were used in the acute toxicity test on A. salina larvae. F1 showed the highest toxicity value of 196.77±2.7 µg/ml. As an initial screening for its anticancer potential, ethanolic leaf extract and F1 fraction were subjected to cytotoxicity test on T47D cells to obtain an IC50 value of 45.32±2.0 and >1000 µg/mL. The LC50 of the F1 fraction and its cytotoxicity level decreased compared to the ethanolic leaf extract. Based on GC-MS analysis, the ethanolic leaf extract and the F1 fraction contained neophytadiene, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester and heptadecanoic acid, 16-methyl-, methyl ester. Meanwhile, ?-sitosterol, docosanoic acid, ethyl ester and squalene are only found in the ethanolic leaf extract. The compounds contained in ethanolic leaf extract work synergistically. This implies the ethanolic leaf extract has the potential to be developed as an anticancer candidate.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Mosquito Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oils from Hyptis capitata Jacq.

BackgroundMortality and morbidity associated with vector-borne diseases, particularly those caused by mosquitoes, are increasing and new means of controlling them, including bio-larvicides, are needed. Malaria is a serious threat in many countries of Africa and Asia, and eco-friendly vector preventing measures are very much essential. Plant-derived larvicides are of great importance in this context. Hyptis capitata is an aromatic medicinal plant which is widely distributed in tropical countries. The aim of the present study is to examine the chemical composition, antioxidant and mosquito larvicidal effects of essential oils of this plant, extracted by hydro-distillation.MethodsChemical compositions of essential oils were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant activity was tested by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and the mosquito larvicidal activity was checked against the fourth instar larvae of the malarial vector Anopheles stephensi. Fingerlings of Oreochromis mossambicus were used as a bio-model for toxicity studies.ResultsA total of 48 constituents, inclusive of 44 (94.67%) from inflorescence and 19 (97.09%) from leaf oil were identified; δ-cadinene (14.68%) and linalool (6.99%) were the major constituents of the inflorescence oil, while leaf oil contained 1-octen-3-ol (34.08%), methyl linoleate (17.2%), and germacrene D (11.16%). Antioxidant analysis showed an effective concentration (EC50) value of 22.76 μg/mL for leaf oil and 26.18 μg/mL for the inflorescence oil, corresponding to 17.57 μg/mL of ascorbic acid. Both oils showed a respectable larvicidal effect and the lethal concentrations (LC50) are 39.08 μg/mL and 33.19 μg/mL for the inflorescence and leaf oil, respectively. Notably, both the inflorescence and leaf oils are not very toxic to fish with respect to the concentrations tested.ConclusionThis study showed that the essential oils extracted from the leaves and inflorescences of H. capitata are effective antioxidants and can act as inexpensive mosquito larvicidal agents.

Ethnopharmacolgy of Hyptis capitata

Hyptis capitata is one of the important traditional medicinal plants, in which different parts of the plant are used in various countries in treating several diseases. This review was conducted to present a comprehensive overview of distribution, taxonomic characters, ethnobotany and the various pharmacological properties of H. capitata This review presents scientific information about pharmacological potentials of H. capitata as a medicinal ingredient and its opportunities to be developed and utilized more broadly. The literature review was carried out on both abstracts and full articles, further analyzed and included in this review. H. capitata is used to treat various diseases such as fever, digestive disorders and open wounds. The pharmacological study of H. capitata showed that this plant has the potential to be developed as an antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral and anticancer. Due to being widely used by the community, further studies regarding the pharmacological potential and the safety parameters of H. capitata are needed.

Assessment of Hepatoprotective Activity of Hyptis capitata Jacq. Against Oxidative Stress Induced by H2O2

Medicinal plants occupy a key position in maintaining the health of the human population. Hyptis capitata Jacq. is an exotic ethnomedicinal plant of Lamiaceae possessing immense potential. The present study was carried out to assess the in vitro hepatoprotective activity of methanolic leaf extract of H. capitata against H2O2 induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cell lines. Total antioxidant capacity and Superoxide radical scavenging activity of the extract were also performed. The extract displayed considerable free radical scavenging activity (P < 0.01). MTT assay was used to assess the in vitro hepatoprotective activity in HepG2 cell lines. The extract displayed concentration-dependent cell viability with maximum protection (63.97 ± 1.23%) in H2O2 induced HepG2 cell lines at 100 μgml-1. H. capitata is a promising herb with significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential.

Cytotoxicity extract and fraction of knobweed (Hyptis capitata) and its effect on migration and apoptosis of T47D cells

Abstract. To’bungan N, Pratiwi R, Widyarini S, Nugroho LH. 2021. Cytotoxicity extract and fraction of knobweed (Hyptis capitata) and its effect on migration and apoptosis of T47D cells. Biodiversitas 23: 572-580. Hyptis capitata Jacq. has an ethnobotanical history. The leaves and stems of H. capitata have been reported to have potential anticancer properties. This study was conducted to determine the anticancer potential of the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of H. capitata. Organs of H. capitata were extracted in stages using chloroform and continued with methanol to obtain eight extracts. Crude extracts were tested for cytotoxicity on T47D and WiDr cells with the MTT method. Potential inhibition of cell migration by potential fraction was tested with scratch wound healing assay and the content of secondary metabolites was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). An Annexin V-Pl apoptosis test was performed to determine the number of living cells, necrosis, and apoptosis. The results showed that the root chloroform extract showed the highest cytotoxic activity against T47D cells (34.90 ± 4.78µg/mL) and WiDr (44.65 ± 12.07 µg/mL), and it was referred to as a potential extract. Fractionation of the root chloroform extract resulted in four fractions (F1, F2, F3, and F4). Fraction F2 had the highest cytotoxic activity (13.8 ± 0.65 µg/mL) and was selective against T47D cells (selectivity index 3.71). Fraction F2 showed its antimetastatic and apoptotic potential against T47D cells. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses combined with library showed that the root chloroform extract and fraction F2 contain ferruginol, campesterol, and stigmasterol.

Synthesis and catalytic applications of silver nanoparticles: a sustainable chemical approach using indigenous reducing and capping agents from Hyptis capitata

A green protocol for the preparation of silver nanoparticles using the leaf, fruit and stem extracts of Hyptis capitata, one of the commonly found plants in the tropics.

Pengaruh Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula Indigen Terhadap Kerapatan Gulma, Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jagung Manis (Zea mays Saccharata (Sturt.) Bailey)

This study aims to determine the effect of local arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on weed density, growth and yield of sweet corn in marginal soils. This study used a randomized block design with local AMF propagules which consisted of 4 levels: 0 g/planting hole or control (A0), 15 g/planting hole (A1), 30 g/planting hole (A2) and 45 g/planting hole (A3). The research parameters observed were: weed density, plant height, stem diameter, crop yield, and the percentage of AMF infection in the roots of corn plants. The results showed that the highest weed dominance value at the age of 14 DAP was Cyperus rotundus as 36.8% in treatment of AMF 45 g/planting hole (A3), age 56 DAP the highest weed dominance value was Hyptis capitata as 47.1% in the treatment of AMF 30 g/planting hole. The best plant height and stem diameter were found in the treatment of AMF 45 g/planting holes (A3) at 56 DAP, the average plant height reached 234.05 cm and the average stem diameter reached 3.72 cm. Increased production of corn plants that were given local AMF ranged from 2.70 to 3.10 tons ha-1 or an average increase in overall corn crop production of 2.86 tons ha-1. The average percentage of mycorrhiza fungi infections in the highest roots of corn plants in the treatment of AMF 45 g/planting hole (A3) as 94%.  Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi; vesicles; hypha; maize; ultisols

Profil Toksikologis Ekstrak Daun Tumbuhan Baka-Baka (Hyptis capitata Jacq.) Pada Hati Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus)

Hyptis capitata Jacq. plant has been using for traditional medicine. Utilization of medicinal plant must always consider to given dose because of toxic effect when too much medicine is taken. The aim of this study was to measure the liver damage in mouse caused by H. capitata Jacq. leave extract when it was given an excessive dose. Either 300 (P1), 600 (P2) or 900 (P3) µg H. capitata Jacq. leave extract was given orally to mice every 24 hours during 14 days. Zero point five ml ethanol 96% was given daily (K-) and without given anything (K+) was also conducted as a control. The result showed that mice given P3 treatment had the highest liver damage. The liver damage in mice was not statistically significant difference between P3 and K- treatments. The lowest liver damage was in mice given K+ treatment. There was no significant difference between P1 and P2 treatments on mice liver damage. Utilization of medicinal plant as traditional medicine should always be consider to doses.

Biological activities and phytochemicals of Hyptis capitata grown in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

In our search into biological activity and chemical profiling of Indonesian medicinal plants, phytochemicals and biological of Hyptis capitata grown at two location in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, were investigated. Leaves of H. capitata collected from location 1, Samarinda (coded by HSM) and location 2, West Kutai areas (coded by HWK) were macerated using ethanol. The plant was evaluated its biological activities in terms of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity against Artemia salina, while phytochemicals were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative tests. The results showed that leaves extract of H. capitata contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates and coumarins. HSM possessed higher phenolic and flavonoid content than that of HWK. HWK displayed more antimicrobial activity against the test microorganisms particularly P. acnes (29%), S. sobrinus (49%), S. aureus (51%) and E. coli (45%). HSM showed more radical scavenging activity in DPPH (IC50 13.69 µg/ml) and superoxide (IC50 65.11 µg/ml) tests. Brine shrimp lethality test showed no toxicity of H. capitata leaves extracts. The results suggested that biological activities and phytochemicals of Hyptis capitata were affected by the growing location represented the diferrent environmental factors including light intensity, temperature, soil nutrition and predatory risks.

Insectos benéficos asociados a plantas arvenses atrayentes en agroecosistemas del Piedemonte de la Orinoquia Colombiana

Se estudió la biodiversidad de insectos benéficos asociados a plantas arvenses en agroecosistemas de cacao, guanábana y arroz. Se realizaron muestreos en cinco especies de plantas arvenses asociadas a los agroecosistemas: Crotalaria striata, Indigofera hirsuta, Hyptis capitata, Melampodium divaricatum y Stachytarpheta cayennensis. Los insectos se colectaron mediante muestreos sistemáticos con red entomológica y observaciones directas a través de un transecto lineal. Se realiza por primera vez un inventario detallado de la diversidad de insectos benéficos asociada a agroecosistemas del departamento del Meta, compuesta por 66 especies/morfoespecies. Se reportan datos de interés de diez especies, entre ellos la ampliación del rango de distribución de ocho especies para la Orinoquia, así como el registro de dos nuevos géneros para Colombia: Myzinum (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) y Chaetogaedia (Diptera: Tachinidae). Se constata una amplia biodiversidad taxonómica y ecológica de insectos benéficos en estos ecosistemas transformados, diversidad entomológica asociada especialmente a la presencia de plantas arvenses que actúan como fuentes de alimentos suplementarios y sitios de refugio para estos insectos. Este estudio pretende aportar datos de interés para el manejo integrado de plagas, programas de restauración ecológica y conocimiento de la biología de las especies registradas.

Quantitative Ethnobotanical Study, Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Assay of Ethnomedicinal Plants of T’boli In Lemsnolon, Tboli, South Cotabato

Tbolis in Lemsnolon, Tboli, South Cotabato are one of the ethnic groups in the Philippines serving as repository of novel knowledge on ethnomedicine. On July 2014, a research was conducted among Tboli tribe in Lemsnolon to document the local knowledge on ethnomedicinal plants before environmental and cultural changes deplete the resources. Selected important ethnomedicinal plants were quantified through Relative Frequency Citation and Use Value. Selected important medicinal plants were screened for phytochemical constituents, and their antibacterial property was determined through paper disc diffusion method. A total of 28 medicinal plants belonging to 21 families were recorded, most are used for symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings (13spp.) and certain infectious and parasitic diseases (5spp.). The most abundant medicinal plant families were Asteraceae (5spp.) and Euphorbiaceae (3spp.), the most dominant life forms of the species includes herbs (17spp.) followed by shrubs (4spp.), the most frequent used part were leaves (42%) followed by stems (11%), the most common preparation method was decoction (47%), the most common route of administration is through oral (66%). Artemisia vulgaris, Bryophyllum pinnatum, Elephantopus sp., Emilia sonchifolia, Ficus pseudopalma, Hyptis capitata, and Leucaena glauca have the highest RFC (0.29), E. sonchifolia has the highest Use Value (0.71).Selected important ethnomedicinal plants, Artemisia vulgaris, Costus malorticanus, Elephantopus sp., Emilia sonchifolia and H. capitata, were found to be rich in alkaloids while free fatty acids, flavonoids, tannins and anthraquinones were present in most of these selected plants. However, ethanolic extracts of the selected important medicinal plants showed inactive zone of inhibition against S. aureus and E. coli. Results showed that plants used for healing among Tboli community in Lemsnolon are found to be possible sources of potential drugs and are subject for further phytochemical and pharmacological investigations.

Diversity and Allelopathic Potential of Weeds among Panamanian Coffee Crops

Worldwide, coffee is one of the most highly consumed and produced crops. Coffee production is a significant activity in the Panamanian economy, mainly in rural communities and among indigenous groups in the Chiriqui province highlands. Weeds growing alongside coffee plants can provoke considerable economic losses for producers by interfering with the growth, development and yield of coffee crop in cultivated areas. Designing an effective program to control weeds depends on identifying the different species found in the coffee plantations. The objective of this study was to assess the biological diversity and negative allelopathic potential of weeds in a coffee field to generate enough information that would better allow farmers to control them. As a result, we identified forty-two different species of weeds in all sampling transects within the study area. Emilia sonchifolia and Impatiens walleriana were the most abundant. In respect to phytotoxic activity, Emilia sonchifolia and Hyptis capitata showed the highest activity against the seed germination of dicotyledonous species Amaranthus hypochondriacus, exhibiting IC50 values of 160 and 178 µg mL-1, respectively. Finally, we proceeded to evaluate the organic extracts of two coffee weeds in a panel of bioassays to demonstrate to the farmers that weeds may also have useful applications for human health. Borreria verticillata showed antimalaric activity while Blechum pyramidatum displayed inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme. These results allow us to propose a rational and systematic management of coffee weeds.

IDENTIFICATION OF SECRETORY STRUCTURE, HISTOCHEMISTRY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OF MEDICINAL PLANT Hyptis capitata Jacq.

Hyptis capitata Jacq. (common name: Knobweed or False Ironwort) belongs to Lamiaceae family and is among known traditional medicine. The Anak Dalam Tribe of Jambi Province uses the leaves of H. capitata to cure external and internal wounds. This study was aimed at identifying and analyzing secretory structure, histochemistry and phytochemical content of H. capitata leaves.  The results showed that H. capitata leaves have secretory structures in the form of peltate, capitate and uniseriate glandular trichomes on the upper and lower leaf surfaces, with idioblast cells scattered throughout the leaf mesophyll. Histochemical tests indicated that the peltate trichomes have four head cells, containing alkaloids and terpenoids. This study classified capitate trichomes into two types: 1. type I has one stalk cell and two head cells, all containing  alkaloids, terpenoids and lipophilic compounds; 2. type II has long stalk cells consisting of seven to ten cells with one head cell, all containing alkaloids and terpenoids. Uniseriate glandular trichomes of H. capitata leaves consist of four to eight cells containing alkaloids and terpenoids. The idioblast cells are round-shaped and contain lipophilic compounds. GC-MS analysis showed that H. capitata leaves  contain terpenoid compounds assumed to serve as anti-infective agents, including l-limonene, eugenol, farnesol isomers A, d-nerolidol, hexahydrofarnesol and neophytadiene.

ISOLASI, IDENTIFIKASI, DAN SKRINING JAMUR ENDOFIT PENGHASIL AGEN BIOKONTROL DARI TANAMAN DI LAHAN PERTANIAN DAN HUTAN PENUNJANG GUNUNG SALAK

Isolation of endophytic fungi was done to find alternative microorganisms as biocontrol agents against Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, a soil borne pathogen on many agriculturalcrops. The research objectives were 1) to isolate and identify endophytic fungi colonize plants growing on agricultural and Mount Salak supporting forest lands in the Villages of Parakan Salak and Cimalati, Sukabumi; and 2) to screen for their biocontrol agent activity againt R. solani. Diameter of R. solani was measured on day 2 after inoculation, and its percent inhibition of growth by endophytic fungi is calculated using the formula Skidmore & Dickinson (1976). The results indicated that 214 isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from 96 plant species that growing in both places. Endophytic fungi isolated including in the group of Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Curvularia, Drechslera, Fusarium, Guignardia, Mucor, Nigrospora, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Phoma, Phomopsis, Rhizoctonia, and endophytic fungi that have not been identified. Of the 214 fungal isolates tested, 39 isolates (18.22 %) could inhibit the growth of R. solani from 10.18 % to 58.99 % with a percent inhibition. The highest growth inhibition of R. solani were shown respectively by an unidentified fungus isolatedfrom Hyptis capitata Jack (58.99%), Cladosporium sp. isolated from jeruk bali (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) (55.42%), Pestalotiopsis sp. isolated from pine apple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) (53.85 %), and Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson isolated from banyan (Ficus benyamina L.) (51.81%)