Hypoxylon Truncatum Research Articles

A benzaldehyde derivative obtained from Hypoxylon truncatum NBRC 32353 treated with hygromycin B.

The ribosome-targeted antifungal agent hygromycin B (HygB) alters the secondary metabolite profiles of fungi. Hypoxylon truncatum NBRC 32353 fermented in the presence of hygromycin B in barley medium activated secondary metabolite synthesis. A new benzaldehyde derivative truncaaldehyde (1) was obtained, along with thirteen known compounds (2-14). The structures of the new compounds were revealed using NMR and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The total synthesis of (±)-1 was achieved using a four-step sequence, and chiral separation was accomplished. The isolated compounds were tested for their monoamine oxidase (MAO) -A and -B inhibitory activities, with six compounds ((±)-1, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 10) showing inhibitory activity.

Renoprotective Effects of Hypoxylonol C and F Isolated from Hypoxylon truncatum against Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity in LLC-PK1 Cells.

Although cisplatin is the standard platinum-based anticancer drug used to treat various solid tumors, it can cause damage in normal kidney cells. Protective strategies against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity are, therefore, clinically important and urgently required. To address this challenge, we investigated the renoprotective effects of Hypoxylon truncatum, a ball-shaped wood-rotting fungus. Chemical investigation of the active fraction from the methanol extract of H. truncatum resulted in the isolation and identification of the renoprotective compounds, hypoxylonol C and F, which ameliorated cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity to approximately 80% of the control value at 5 μM. The mechanism of this effect was further investigated using hypoxylonol F, which showed a protective effect at the lowest concentration. Upregulated phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases following cisplatin treatment were markedly decreased after pre-treatment with hypoxylonol F. In addition, the protein expression level of cleaved caspase-3 was significantly reduced after co-treatment with hypoxylonol F. These results show that blocking the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade plays a critical role in mediating the renoprotective effect of hypoxylonol F isolated from H. truncatum fruiting bodies.

Purification and characterization of endo-type cellulase of Hypoxylon truncatum, a companion fungus of Tremella fuciformis

Purification and characterization of endo-type cellulase of Hypoxylon truncatum, a companion fungus of Tremella fuciformis

Quadrat method for measurement of injurious effects of Hypoxylon truncatum on bed logs used for shiitake (Lentinula edodes) cultivation

Quadrat method for measurement of injurious effects of Hypoxylon truncatum on bed logs used for shiitake (Lentinula edodes) cultivation

Antiangiogenic Activity of Hypoxylonol C

Hypoxylonol C (1), isolated from the inedible mushroom Hypoxylon truncatum, exhibited inhibitory activities against the migration and tube formation of HUVECs. A cDNA microarray analysis was performed to investigate the target of hypoxylonol C (1) in HUVECs, and it was found that the genes related to cell cycle and adhesion were down-regulated. The down-regulation of mRNA levels of cell cycle and adhesion genes was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Cell cycle arrest and suppression of adhesion molecule expression might be plausible mechanisms of actions for the antiangiogenic activity of hypoxylonol C (1).

Hypoxylonols C–F, Benzo[j]fluoranthenes from Hypoxylon truncatum

Four novel benzo[j]fluoranthene derivatives, hypoxylonols C (3), D (4), E (5), and F (6), have been isolated from the mushroom Hypoxylon truncatum, together with two known benzo[j]fluoranthene derivatives, hypoxylonols A (1) and B (2). The structures were established by analysis of NMR spectroscopic data and X-ray diffraction data. Compounds 4 and 5 showed antiproliferative activity against HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) and HUAECs (human umbilical artery endothelial cells).

표고재배시 여러 종류의 참나무골목에 발생되는 해균상

표고재배시 여러 종류의 참나무 골목에 발생되는 해균들의 발생상황을 확인하고자 조사를 시도하였다. 조사결과, 전체적으로 구름버섯을 포함해서 총 14종의 해균이 관찰되었다. 상수리나무에서 12종, 신갈나무에서 9종, 갈참나무에서 10종의 해균이 관찰되었다. 상수리나무에서는 주홍꼬리버섯, 검은혹버섯, 회색버짐버섯, 푸른곰팡이균이 전체 발생 해균 중 75.1%를 차지하였다. 신갈나무에서는 검은혹버섯과 푸른곰팡이균, 이들 두 해균이 전체 발생 해균의 71.2%를 차지했으며, 갈참나무에서는 발생된 해균의 80.3%가 검은혹버섯, 푸른곰팡이균, H. howeianum이었다. 주홍꼬리버섯과 회색버짐버섯은 상수리나무에서만 발생되었으며, 발생비율은 각각 51.6%, 13.1%였다. 그리고 검은혹버섯은 갈참나무의 46.6%에서 발생되었으며, 푸른곰팡이균은 신갈나무의 30.3%에서 발생되었다. An attempt was made to investigate the status of harmful microorganisms occurring on different kinds of oak bed-logs during shiitake cultivation. As a result, totally 14 species of harmful microorganisms, including Trametes versicolor, were confirmed. Twelve kinds of harmful microorganisms were observed on Quercus acutissima, 9 kinds on Q. mongolica and 10 kinds on Q. aliena. Diatrype stigma, Hypoxylon truncatum, Hypoxylon sp. and Trichoderma sp. occupied 75.1% of the total harmful fungi occurred on Q. acutissima. H. truncatum and Trichoderma sp. occupied 71.2% of the total harmful fungi occurred on Q. mongolica. On Q. aliena, the occurrence of H. truncatum, Trichoderma sp. and Hypoxylon howeianum was 80.3%. D. stigma and Hypoxylon sp. were observed exclusively on Q. acutissima bed-logs, and the outbreak ratios were 51.6% and 13.1%, respectively. H. truncatum was observed on 46.6% of Q. aliena bed-logs and Trichoderma sp. was observed on 30.3% of Q. mongolica bed-logs.

Cytotoxic Benzo[j]fluoranthene Metabolites from Hypoxylon truncatum IFB-18, an Endophyte of Artemisia annua

Two new benzo[j]fluoranthene-based secondary metabolites named daldinone C (1) and daldinone D (2), along with two known metabolites, altechromone A and (4S)-5,8-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-alpha-tetralone, were isolated from the CHCl3/MeOH (1:1) extract of a solid culture of the endophyte Hypoxylon truncatum IFB-18 harbored inside the symptomless stem tissue of Artemisia annua. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by MS and 1D and 2D NMR spectra and by X-ray diffraction analysis. Their absolute configurations were determined unambiguously by a combination of their CD data and the established exciton chirality rule. Compounds 1 and 2 were substantially cytotoxic against SW1116 cells, with IC50 values of 49.5 and 41.0 microM, respectively, comparable to that (37.0 microM) of 5-fluorouracil. The biosynthetic pathway for 1 and 2 was postulated with the natural occurrence of benzo[j]fluoranthene analogues discussed in brief.

Occurrence of a high concentration of spider pheromones in the ascomycete fungus Hypoxylon truncatum.

A large amount of sex pheromones of the European spider Linyphia triangularis, 3R-hydroxybutyric acid (1), its dimer 3R-(3R-hydroxybutyryloxy)butyric acid (2), and trimer 3R-[3R-(3R-hydroxybutyryloxy)butyryloxy]butyric acid (3) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the Japanese inedible mushroom Hypoxylon truncatum.

표고골목을 가해하는 주홍꼬리버섯의 완전세대 변화 및 2차 오염 해균상

1999년 12월부터 2001년 8월까지 주홍꼬리버섯 완전세대 형성 이후의 변화와 2차적으로 침입하는 다른 오염해 균을 조사하였다. 주홍꼬리버섯 자좌의 표면 색은 12개월 후 모두 적갈색에서 흑갈색으로 변하였다. 공구는 시간이 경과함에 따라 완전세대형성 초기보다 크기가 작아지고 단위면적당 갯수가 적어지다가 20개월 후에는 대부분의 시험골목에서 사라졌다. 자낭각과 자낭포자도 자좌 표면의 색 변화와 공구의 유무에 의해 반드시 영향을 받는 것은 아니었지만, 종균접종 이듬해 4월부터 서서히 없어지다가 20개월 후에는 시험골목 중 10% 정도에서만 포자를 갖는 자낭각이 발견되었다. 주홍꼬리버섯에 오염된 표고골목에 2차적으로 발생하는 다른 종류의 해균조사 결과, 검은혹버섯, Nodulisporium sp., 치마버섯, Trichoderma spp. 등이 주홍꼬리버섯 자좌 위에서 발견되었고 Penicillum sp.은 주홍꼬리버섯 포자 퇴 위에서 발견되었다. 이밖에 Hypoxylon howeianum, Enteridium lycoperdon, Fuligo sp., Physaurm umbiliciferum, Stemonitis fusca 등 4종의 점균류가 관찰되었다. 또한, 종균접종 이듬해 4월부터 일부 골목에서 주홍꼬리 버섯의 불완전세대(Libertella sp.)가 다시 발생하였다. Studies were conducted to investigate the changes of teleomorph of Diatrype stigma on bed-log of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) and appearance of secondary harmful fungi from December 1999 to August 2001. The color of stroma was changed from red brown to dark brown after 12 months. The size of ostioles became smaller and the number of ostioles decreased as time passed. Most of the ostioles disappeared after 20 months from toleomorph formation. Perithecia and ascospores were gradually disappeared, and perithecia containing ascospores were observed at 10% of bed-logs tested after 20 months. Concerning the secondary harmful fungi infecting the bedlog of shiitake after teleomorph of D. stigma, Hypoxylon truncatum (Anamorph : Nodulisporium sp.), Schizophyllum commune and Trichoderma spp. were observed on stroma of D. stigma. Penicillium sp. occurred on spore-horn of Libertella sp. (Anamorph of D. stigma). Besides, Hypoxylon howeianum and some species of Myxomycetes were observed. Also, Libertella sp. appeared again at some bed-logs.

Hypoxylonols A and B, novel reduced benzo[j]fluoranthene derivatives from the mushroom Hypoxylon truncatum.

Two novel reduced benzo[j]fluoranthene derivatives, hypoxylonols A (3-ethoxy-1,4,9-trihydroxy-1,2,3,6b-tetrahydrobenzo[j]fluoranthen-8(7H)-one) (1) and B (3-methoxy-1,4,9-trihydroxy-1,2,3,6b-tetrahydrobenzo[j]fluoranthen-8(7H)-one) (2), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Hypoxylon truncatum. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data.

Association of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers with Stromatal Type in Hypoxylon truncatum sensu Miller

Association of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers with Stromatal Type in Hypoxylon truncatum sensu Miller

Association of Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna Markers with Stromatal Type inHypoxylon Truncatum SensuMiller

Genetic variation within and among six populations of Hypoxylon truncatum was assessed by characterizing random amplified polymorphic DNA markers: one population from Louisiana, one from Mississippi, one from southern Illinois, two from central Illinois, and one from northern Illinois. Nine isolates from each population were characterized. Results were analyzed phenetically. With 18 randomly chosen 10-mer primers, genetic variation was assessed among isolates from a single stroma, and among isolates from different stromata from the same collection. Twenty arbitrarily chosen 10-mer primers were used to assess genetic variation among 54 isolates (nine from each ofthe six populations) and a 99 character by 54 isolate matrix was generated. Phenetic analysis separated the 54 isolates into two genetically distinct groups that corresponded with different stromatal type. The results of the present study suggest that stromatal type is a significant taxonomic character in H. truncatum-like fungi and that the two forms of stromata in H. truncatum sensu Miller are indicative of distinct species. Phenogram branching patterns did not correspond with geographically distant populations. Gene flow between these populations may be responsible for this finding.

Effect of moisture on the colonization by Lentinus edodes and Hypoxylon truncatum in wood1

Abstract Hypoxylon truncatum showed itself to occupy a larger area than Lentinus edodes in low‐moisture‐content stem segments inoculated with both fungi, but the result was just opposite under high moisture conditions. Their mycelial growth and decay rates indicated that H. truncatum is more tolerant of dry circumstances than L. edodes..

Some species of Nodulisporium

Six species of Nodulisporium are discussed. One is the anamorph of Hypoxylon truncatum while the teleomorph of the others is unknown, although Nodulisporium sylviforme sp.nov. may prove to be the anamorph of a Hypoxylon species. Four new combinations in Nodulisporium are proposed.

Ascospore discharge in the annulate form of Hypoxylon truncatum

Ascospore discharge in the annulate form of Hypoxylon truncatum (Schw.:Fr.) J. H. Mill, is preceded by the loss of the peridial wall covering of the ostiolar region. This is accomplished by way of a specialized mechanism which involves hyaline spongy tissue located between the outer amorphous and inner palisade wall layers of the perithecium. The exposed ostiolar projection becomes concealed by terminal bulbous cells of short hyphae that arise from nearby peridial cells. Disintegration of the ostiolar projection occurs concomitantly with the disappearance of these bulbous cells. By this time a large part of the pseudoparenchyma and most of the paraphyses in the centrum have degenerated to form a transparent gelatinous mass. Asci deliquesce and release mature ascospores within the perithecium just prior to ascospore discharge. The ascospores ooze out of the ostiole mixed with the gelatinous material and form either a massive spore ball or a spore tendril.