Hypothesis Of Repression Research Articles

정신분석과 억압가설, 통치성의 이론적 관계에 관한 비교 연구 : 푸코, 프로이트, 클라인, 비온, 프랑크푸르트 학파, 후기 라캉 이론의 관점에서

후기 푸코는 생명관리권력이라는 새로운 권력이론 또는 통치술에 대한 연구와 더불어 본격적으로 거시정치적 문제에 천착한다. 이와 더불어 그는 억압가설 비판이라는 표제 하에서 전기에서보다 더 강력하게 정신분석에 대해 비판했다. 본 연구는 이러한 후기 푸코의 논의를 재구성하고 정신분석적 관점에서 비판적으로 검토하는 것을 목표로 한다. 우선 본 연구는 프로이트와 프랑크푸르트 학파에서 억압가설을 극복하려는 시도가 어떤 방식으로 전개되었고 그것이 푸코와 어떤 점에서 유사하고 다른지를 재구성하고, 더 나아가 클라인 정신분석 관점에서 억압의 의미를 제시함으로써 푸코의 억압가설 비판의 한계를 밝히고자 한다. 이와 더불어 본 연구는 생명관리정치와 자유주의 통치성에 대한 푸코의 논의를 재구성하고 이를 비판적으로 검토한다. 신자유주의의 발흥과 본질을 규명하면서 푸코는 자유주의 통치성이라는 새로운 개념을 제시한다. 본 연구는 권력의 자기 제한이라는 자유주의 통치성의 본질적 성격에서 해방의 기획의 단초를 발견하는 동시에 자유주의의 한계를 비판하는 후기 푸코의 정치사상을 재구성한다. 푸코는 과도한 국가혐오론을 경계하며, 복지국가에 대해 일정 정도 의미를 부여하지만 그것이 생명 관리정치의 한 측면이라는 이유로 그것을 기각한다. 본 연구는 이러한 푸코의 작업이 갖는 내재적 난점을 지적하고, 이를 극복하기 위해 푸코의 정치경제학적 성찰을 헤겔의 법철학과 연결시킬 필요가 있음을 밝히며, 궁극적으로 이를 정신분석적 관점과 연결시켜 종합적으로 재구성하고자 한다.

Carbon Catabolite Repression Regulates the Production of the Unique Volatile Sodorifen of Serratia plymuthica 4Rx13.

Microorganisms are capable of synthesizing a plethora of secondary metabolites including the long-overlooked volatile organic compounds. Little knowledge has been accumulated regarding the regulation of the biosynthesis of such mVOCs. The emission of the unique compound sodorifen of Serratia plymuthica isolates was significantly reduced in minimal medium with glucose, while succinate elevated sodorifen release. The hypothesis of carbon catabolite repression (CCR) acting as a major control entity on the synthesis of mVOCs was proven by genetic evidence. Central components of the typical CCR of Gram-negative bacteria such as the adenylate cyclase (CYA), the cAMP binding receptor protein (CRP), and the catabolite responsive element (CRE) were removed by insertional mutagenesis. CYA, CRP, CRE1 mutants revealed a lower sodorifen release. Moreover, the emission potential of other S. plymuthica isolates was also evaluated.

Abstract 2920: Transcriptional regulation of estrogen response through long-range chromatin interactions

Abstract Classical 17β-estradiol (E2) signaling requires the activity of the estrogen receptor at genomic regulatory regions. Differences in DNA sequence, ligand, receptor type and co-factor availability can affect this activity. However, the role of chromatin structure in the transmission of the estrogen signal is relatively unexplored. The 3D interaction between regulatory elements and promoters at long-range chromatin interaction sites presents a novel and dynamic mechanism of transcriptional regulation. Recent work to study such interactomes has identified relationships among histone modifications and loop boundaries [1], as well as among specific proteins, including estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), that appear to mediate the formation of chromatin loops [2-4]. We wish to identify the protein, DNA sequence, and epigenetic characteristics required for chromatin looping at ERα-bound sites. The publication of an ERα-bound interactome in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line [2] has permitted us to identify the 67-kb loop region upstream of the krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) gene as an ideal candidate region for examination of the role of chromatin looping in breast cancer ERα-mediated transcriptional regulation. To study chromatin looping in situ, we have developed a model system which integrates a luciferase gene with the entire native regulatory locus of KLF9 on a single BAC. With this construct we can use reporter assays to screen for the elements required for long-distance chromatin interaction mediated, E2 stimulated transcriptional regulation. We detect early estrogen-induced activation of KLF9 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and have validated 3/5 previously reported ERα binding sites [2, 5, 6] in this region by quantitative ChIP. Enrichment of ERα at these sites is E2 dependent. Additionally, we observe unique transcriptional responses from proximal and distal ER-bound sites in reporter assays. We hypothesize that the KLF9 loop is responsible for a rapid repression of transcriptional that occurs between 2-4 hours post E2 treatment. Chromatin looping is a regulatory mechanism common among most nuclear hormones and occurs at many estrogen-responsive genes; this process may present a novel mechanism for drug targeting in the treatment of many anti-endocrine resistant cancers and disorders. Future work will test our hypothesis of loop-based repression, identify the elements required for looping at the KLF9 locus and detect patterns in epigenetic modifications that may regulate or be regulated by the loop structure. Unique protein targets involved in looping will be examined for regulatory roles at a genome-wide level. 1. Handoko, L., et al., Nat Genet, 2011: p. 630-8. 2. Fullwood, M.J., et al., Nature, 2009: p. 58-64. 3. Tan, S.K., et al., EMBO J, 2011: p. 2569-81. 4. Kagey, M.H., et al., Nature, 2010: p. 430-435. 5. Carroll, J.S., et al., Nat Genet, 2006: p. 1289-1297. 6. Hua, S., et al., Mol Syst Biol, 2008. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2920. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2920

Effects of Naltrexone on Repressive Coping and Disclosure of Emotional Material: A Test of the Opioid-Peptide Hypothesis of Repression and Hypertension

The present study was designed to assess the role of endogenous opioids in the relationship of hypertension to repressive coping. Ten hypertensive and 8 normotensive males were given either the opioid antagonist naltrexone or placebo in a randomized, double-blind fashion over the course of four laboratory sessions. Measures of repression and disclosure were completed and blood pressure was assessed during a laboratory stressor protocol. Opioid antagonism reduced repression and increased disclosure only in the hypertensive group. Also, opioid antagonism increased stress-related systolic blood pressure only in the hypertensive group. The results support the hypothesis that endogenous opioid dysregulation underlies both hypertension and repressive phenomena.

Article

The generally accepted opinion is that the natural niche for lactococci are plants. Several genes reminiscent of the environmental adaptation of these bacteria to the plant habitat were found as a result of our work on the pullulanase coding region in the Lactococcus lactis IBB500 strain. All genes were located within an 11-kb DNA fragment of a 35-kb plasmid. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 11-kb DNA fragment showed three regions: (i) a middle region - encoding the potential pullulanase operon (ii); a pullulanase upstream region - encoding two cold shock proteins; and (iii) a pullulanase downstream region - encoding two cadmium resistance proteins. Analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of these regions through inspection of their G+C content and codon preference, as well as homology of their protein products and constructions of phylogenetic trees strongly supported the hypothesis of their acquisition through a horizontal gene transfer. Focusing further research on the middle region we have found that the pullulanase gene, belonging to the putative pul operon, was preceded by a long, non-translated region in which five putative promoter sequences were identified. Moreover, a DNA sequence similar to the highly conserved cre box involved in glucose repression was found in front of one of them. The hypothesis of glucose repression was further tested using transcriptional fusion between the pul and luxAB-reporter genes, located on the parental plasmid in the L. lactis IBB500 strain. Lactococcus lactis / adaptation / gene-cassette / horizontal gene transfer / pullulanase

Freud's letters to Fliess. From seduction to sexual biology, from psychopathology to a clinical anthropology.

The author describes the development of Freud's theory of neurosis from 1892 onwards, starting with his distinction between the actual neuroses and the psychoneuroses and his discovery of a specific, sexual aetiology for both, until which point it remained limited to pathology. The problem of the aetiology of perversion, however, confronted him with a paradox within the theory of seduction: how can an infantile sexual pleasure produce unpleasure when it is remembered at the time of puberty? This problem could not be solved within the framework of the seduction theory because the sexuality of childhood was essential to this theory. For an answer Freud had to turn to biology. He considered that the transformation of an infantile pleasure into unpleasure presupposed an organic repression of non-genital sexual pleasure. This hypothesis of organic repression radically changed the anthropological claim of Freud's theory. As long as he was looking for a specific aetiology of neurosis and perversion, Freud's theory remained restricted to pathology. However, when he introduced infantile sexuality and its organic repression as universal organic processes, the strict distinction between normality and pathology could not be maintained. The author concludes that by turning to sexual biology, Freud transformed psychopathology into a clinical anthropology.

Freud's letters to Fliess: From seduction to sexual biology, from psychopathology to a clinical anthropology

The author describes the development of Freud's theory of neurosis from 1892 onwards, starting with his distinction between the actual neuroses and the psychoneuroses and his discovery of a specific, sexual aetiology for both, until which point it remained limited to pathology. The problem of the aetiology of perversion, however, confronted him with a paradox within the theory of seduction: how can an infantile sexual pleasure produce unpleasure when it is remembered at the time of puberty? This problem could not be solved within the framework of the seduction theory because the asexuality of childhood was essential to this theory. For an answer Freud had to turn to biology. He considered that the transformation of an infantile pleasure into unpleasure presupposed an organic repression of non‐genital sexual pleasure. This hypothesis of organic repression radically changed the anthropological claim of Freud's theory. As long as he was looking for a specific aetiology of neurosis and perversion, Freud's theory remained restricted to pathology. However, when he introduced infantile sexuality and its organic repression as universal organic processes, the strict distinction between normality and pathology could not be maintained. The author concludes that by turning to sexual biology, Freud transformed psychopathology into a clinical anthropology.

A novel function of 20-hydroxyecdysone: translational repression of the lysosomal protease mRNA in the mosquito fat body

In the female fat body of the mosquito Aedes aegypti, lysosomes play important roles during the cessation of vitellogenesis by degrading the biosynthetic machinery and aiding the remodeling of the fat body cells. A detailed study of a mosquito lysosomal aspartic protease (AaLAP) has shown a unique expression pattern in the vitellogenic fat body: the level of AaLAP mRNA dramatically rises and peaks at 24 h post blood meal (PBM) correlating with the high titer of ecdysteroids; however, there is a 12 h lag before peak levels of AaLAP protein and its enzymatic activity has been observed. These observations suggest that the high titer of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) may hinder translation of the AaLAP mRNA. Here, we used an in vitro organ culture to study the effect of 20E on the protein synthesis of AaLAP in the fat body. The increase in the AaLAP protein level in the fat body, dissected at 24 h PBM and incubated for 6 or 12 h, was inhibited by the presence of 10 −5 M 20E in the medium. Incubation in the hormone-free medium did not effect accumulation of the AaLAP protein which proceeded at the levels comparable to the intact insect. Furthermore, the effect of 10 −5 M 20E on the AaLAP accumulation was reversible. These experiments support the hypothesis of the 20E-mediated repression of lysosomal protease mRNAs at the translational level in the regulation of vitellogenic and postvitellogenic events in the mosquito fat body. Analysis of the 5′ and 3′ -end untranslated regions (UTR) of AaLAP mRNA form secondary structures suggest that they may also contribute to mRNA stability and 20E-mediated translational inhibition.

The Savings Ratio and Financial Repression in Trinidad and Tobago*

This paper investigates the hypothesis financial repression in the context of the Determinates of the private savings ratio in Trinidad and Tobago, using the Multivariate, cointegration time-series methodology. Four alternative proxies are Used to represent financial repression, including the real interest rate, the real interest Rate differential between the world and domestic economy and two alternative Measures of exchange rate misalignment, We find that there is strong evidence to Support the hypothesis of financial repression in Trinidad and Tobago over the sample Period and that financial liberalization may significantly enhance the growth of real Per capita income. [E2, F4, O1]

The relationship between repressive and defensive coping styles and monocyte, eosinophile, and serum glucose levels: support for the opioid peptide hypothesis of repression.

The opioid peptide hypothesis of repression (1) predicts that repressive coping is associated with increased functional endorphin levels in the brain, which can result in decreased immunocompetence and hyperglycemia. In a random sample of 312 patients seen at a Yale Medical School outpatient clinic, significant main effects of coping style were found for monocyte and eosinophile counts, serum glucose levels, and self-reports of medication allergies. Specifically, repressive and defensive high-anxious patients demonstrated significantly decreased monocyte counts. In addition, repressive coping was associated with elevated eosinophile counts, serum glucose levels, and self-reported reactions to medications. This behavioral, immunologic, and endocrine profile is consistent with the opioid peptide hypothesis, which provides an integrative framework for relating the attenuated emotional experience of pain and distress characteristic of repressive coping with reduced resistance to infectious and neoplastic disease.

DNA synthesis studies in pre-meiotic mouse oogenesis

DNA fiber autoradiography was used in mouse oogenesis to test Callan's hypothesis that a longer S phase results from a reduction in the number of active initiation sites. The data indicated that the premeiotic increase in the duration of S phase in mouse oogenesis was characterized by a rapid initial rate of chain growth and a larger replicon size when compared with replicating DNA of somatic mouse cells. These findings were at variance with those in mouse spermatogenesis and also did not support the Callan hypothesis of activation site repression.

Misrecall of Pre-Manipulation Opinion: Repression or Recency Effect?

The misrecall of pre-manipulation opinion is a phenomenon subject to either an explanation based on motivational defensive repression or one of non-motivational self-attribution. A before-after study of persuasive communication was conducted in which all participants completed measures of defensiveness, repression, and self-racing of independence. On the basis of an hypothesis of defensive repression it was predicted that opinion changers who mistakenly report their prior opinion as close to or identical with their final opinion would score significantly higher on measures of defensiveness and repression and would rate themselves as more independent than opinion changers who correctly recall their initial opinion. None of these predicted differences occurred. The results constitute an operational disconfirmation of the defensive repression hypothesis. However, a conceptual disconfirmation of the hypothesis may require a more precise formulation of the “self-esteem theory” set of ideas from which the present hypothesis of defensive repression was derived. It is suggested that the attempt to develop such a formulation and attempts to answer the general question of the importance of ego-defensiveness might appropriately be launched from the perspective of functional theories of attitudes and belief systems.

Research findings on the kibbutz adolescent: a response to Bettelheim.

Deductions from Bruno Bettelheim's hypothesis of repression in kibbutz youth were tested, using personality measures chosen for their measurement of relevant self-reported behaviors. A comparison was made between kibbutz and moshav samples, and little support was found in the score patterns for the repression hypothesis.

C. G. JUNG'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO PSYCHOANALYSIS.

During a decade which was of decisive importance for the later development of psychoanalysis Jung made many significant contributions. His association experiments confirmed Freud's hypothesis of repression which proved to be the cornerstone of psychoanalytic theory. In turn, Jung applied the knowledge he gained from Freud to dementia praecox and never wavered in his conviction that the illness could be treated by psychological means. By stressing the connection between the physiological and psychological aspects of the disease, he was able to construct the first psychosomatic model for dementia praecox. Jung was instrumetnal in bringing Freud's writings to the attention of the scientific world and later played an important part in organizing the psychoanalytic movement. According to Jung, it was he who suggested to Freud that all psychoanalysts should go through a training analysis(28). Jung's application of psychoanalytic theory to the understanding of myths and their relationship to dreams and neuroses,...