Hypomagnesemia In Patients Research Articles

Association between proteinuria and mineral metabolism disorders in chronic kidney disease: the Japan chronic kidney disease database extension (J-CKD-DB-Ex)

Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) are recognized as a systemic disease affecting the prognosis of patients with CKD. Proper management of CKD-MBD is important to improve the prognosis of patients with CKD. Although proteinuria is recognized as a poor prognostic factor in these patients, few reports have examined its association with CKD-MBD. We examined the association between proteinuria and CKD-MBD using data from the Japan Chronic Kidney Disease Database Extension (J-CKD-DB-Ex). Among the patients registered in the J-CKD-DB-Ex, 30,977 with CKD stages G2–G5 who had serum creatinine, albumin, calcium, and phosphate concentrations measured at least once and urinalysis performed were included. The patients were divided into four groups (negative, 1+, 2+, and 3+) according to the degree of proteinuria. The association between proteinuria and CKD-MBD was examined by a logistic regression analysis. In a model adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the odds ratio of the 3 + group compared with the negative group significantly increased to 2.67 (95% confidence interval, 2.29–3.13) for hyperphosphatemia, 2.68 (1.94–3.71) for hypocalcemia, and 1.56 (1.24–1.98) for hypomagnesemia. Proteinuria is associated with hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia in patients with CKD independently of eGFR.

Efficacy of Magnesium Supplementation in Cancer Patients Developing Hypomagnesemia Due to Anti-EGFR Antibody: A Systematic Review.

Hypomagnesemia is a common side effect of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies, which may lead to arrhythmia. However, there are no evidence-based guidelines for magnesium (Mg) supplementation in the management of hypomagnesemia in patients with anti-EGFR antibodies. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to address clinical questions regarding these cancer patients. Three electronic databases were searched for articles published until June 18, 2021. The main outcomes used were "anti-EGFR antibody" and "hypomagnesemia". After screening 78 references in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ICHUSHI-web databases, three studies were included in the review. One study revealed the effectiveness of Mg supplementation in the management of hypomagnesemia in patients receiving cetuximab. However, no studies have investigated whether correcting hypomagnesemia can lead to the suppression of arrhythmias as a clinical outcome. Weak evidence suggests that Mg supplementation, as a preventive measure when developing hypomagnesemia following the initiation of anti-EGFR antibody therapy, may prevent the worsening of hypomagnesemia, and subsequently prevent associated arrhythmia occurrence.

#646 SGLT2 inhibitor alleviates hypomagnesemia in patients with chronic kidney disease: a retrospective observational study

Abstract Background and Aims Magnesium (Mg2+) is a critical component in numerous biological processes. Hypomagnesemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and vascular calcification in individuals with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been proposed for treating CKD, based on their reported benefits to the kidney and cardiovascular system and in increasing serum Mg2+ levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to investigate the changes in serum Mg2+ levels after administering SGLT2 inhibitors and to identify factors contributing to these changes. Method We retrospectively examined 57 patients with CKD who received treatment at Wakayama Medical University between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022. We assessed changes in serum Mg2+ levels at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment. Patients were stratified into tertiles based on baseline Mg2+ levels. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with changes in Mg2+ levels. Results SGLT2 inhibitor treatment was associated with a significant increase in serum Mg2+ levels in the low and intermediate tertiles but not in the high tertile. Multivariate analysis revealed that gender, baseline serum Mg2+, and sodium-chloride difference were independent predictors of the increase in serum Mg2+ levels. Conclusion SGLT2 inhibitor treatment in CKD patients is associated with an increase in serum Mg2+ levels, particularly in those with lower baseline levels. The serum Mg2+-improving effect of SGLT2 inhibitors is influenced by baseline serum Mg2+ levels, sodium-chloride difference, and gender. These findings suggest the potential utility of SGLT2 inhibitors for treating hypomagnesemia in CKD.

Prevalence of Dysmagnesemia among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and the Associated Health Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Magnesium is a vital intracellular cation crucial for over 320 enzymatic reactions related to energy metabolism, musculoskeletal function, and nucleic acid synthesis and plays a pivotal role in human physiology. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of dysmagnesemia in patients with diabetes mellitus and evaluate its correlations with glycemic control, medication use, and diabetic complications. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, including 316 patients aged 18 years or older with diabetes mellitus. Data included demographics, medical history, medications, and biochemical parameters. Serum total magnesium concentrations were measured, and dysmagnesemia was defined as magnesium ≤ 0.69 mmol/L for hypomagnesemia and ≥1.01 mmol/L for hypermagnesemia. Results: The prevalence of hypomagnesemia in patients with diabetes was 17.1% (95% CI: 13.3-21.7%), and hypermagnesemia was 4.1% (95% CI: 2.4-7.0%). Females were significantly overrepresented in the hypomagnesemia group, while the hypermagnesemia group showed a higher prevalence of hypertension, retinopathy, an increased albumin/creatinine ratio, chronic kidney disease (CKD), elevated creatinine levels, and a lower adjusted calcium concentration. The multinominal logistic regression exhibited that the female sex and higher serum-adjusted calcium were independent risk factors of hypomagnesemia. In contrast, the presence of hypertension, higher levels of albumin/creatinine ratio, and stage 5 CKD were independent risk factors of hypermagnesemia. Conclusions: Hypomagnesemia was common among patients with diabetes mellitus; however, hypermagnesemia was associated with microvascular complications.

QIM24-181: Joining Forces to Minimize Hypomagnesemia in Patients Receiving Cisplatin and Cetuximab Infusions.

QIM24-181: Joining Forces to Minimize Hypomagnesemia in Patients Receiving Cisplatin and Cetuximab Infusions.

Frequency of Hypomagnesemia in Patients with Type 2 DiabetesMellitus

Frequency of Hypomagnesemia in Patients with Type 2 DiabetesMellitus

Dietary Magnesium Replacement for Prevention of Hypomagnesemia in Patients With Ovarian Cancer Receiving Carboplatin-Based Chemotherapy.

Hypomagnesemia is a common side effect of platinum-based chemotherapy and predicts poor overall survival in some cancers. Standard magnesium replacement strategies are often inadequate for maintaining magnesium levels. We hypothesized that a daily dietary magnesium replacement approach through magnesium-rich foods would help maintain adequate magnesium levels during platinum-based treatment. We conducted a prospective feasibility study of magnesium-rich diets in patients 18 years and older with previously untreated ovarian cancer scheduled to receive carboplatin-containing chemotherapy of at least six consecutive cycles. Education about magnesium-rich diets was provided at enrollment and then weekly during chemotherapy. Feasibility was defined as ≥60% completion of dietary recalls and ≥280 mg average daily dietary magnesium intake across all patients. Twenty-one of 26 patients enrolled completed at least five chemotherapy cycles and were included in the analysis. Adherence to the study diet was 76%. Daily dietary magnesium intake was 100.5 mg at baseline and increased throughout each cycle: 6% of patients at baseline, 24% after the first cycle, and 67% after the fifth cycle reached ≥280-mg/day magnesium intake. Seven (33%) of 21 had at least one incident of hypomagnesemia. Patients who were adherent had significantly lower incidence of hypomagnesemia (19% v 80%, P = .03) and less need for intravenous magnesium (6% v 60%, P = .03) than those who were nonadherent. The study achieved primary feasibility objectives of retention and adherence to the study intervention. Weekly education about magnesium-rich diets was effective in increasing dietary magnesium intake. Adequate dietary magnesium appeared to be protective against hypomagnesemia.

Dysmagnesemia as a predictor of developing diabetic levels of hemoglobin A1c

The aim of this study was to assess the possible association between P-Mg and subsequent high levels of HbA1c. The study involves data from primary health care patients and data from patients treated in hospitals located in the capital region of Denmark. P-Mg and HbA1c levels were analyzed from 121,575 patients in the period 2010–2022. Patients were categorized in a diabetic and non-diabetic group. Out of 121,575 patients, 8,532 were categorized as diabetic. A reverse J-shaped association between P-Mg and HbA1c levels ≥ 48 mmol/mol was observed with nadir at P-Mg of 0.90 mmol/L. The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for having a first HbA1c measurement ≥ 48 mmol/mol is 1.54 (95% Cl 1.50; 1.57) per 0.1 mmol/L decrease in P-Mg when P-Mg is lower than 0.90 mmol/L. After adjusting for age and gender, the HR remained significant at 1.45 (95% Cl 1.41; 1.48). For P-Mg levels above 0.90 mmol/L, the unadjusted HR per 0.1 mmol/L increase in P-Mg was 1.04 (95% Cl 1.02; 1.06). After adjusting for age and gender the HR remained significant at 1.06 (95% Cl 1.05; 1.08). In conclusion, this study found that patients with dysmagnesemia have a higher risk of developing diabetes even after adjusting for age and gender. Hyper- or hypomagnesemia in patients could be a biomarker for predicting the risk of developing diabetes.

Hypomagnesemia and Survival in Patients with Cervical Cancer Treated with Definitive Chemoradiotherapy

Hypomagnesemia is a common side effect of platinum-based chemotherapy regimens. Although there are data reporting that hypomagnesemia is associated with worse survival in patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (CRT), this has not been documented in patients with cervical cancer treated with definitive CRT. We hypothesized that in patients with cervical cancer undergoing definitive CRT, on-treatment hypomagnesemia would be associated with longer treatment duration and worse cancer-specific survival (CSS). Patients with cervical cancer treated with definitive CRT from 1999 to 2015 were identified from a single cancer center's clinicopathologic database. Lowest on-treatment magnesium value was recorded and categorized as per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 grading (grade 1: <0.7 - 0.5 mmol/L, grade 2: <0.5 - 0.4 mmol/L, grade 3: <0.4-0.3 mmol/L, and grade 4 <0.3 mmol/L). Grade 0 was defined as ≥ 0.7 mmol/L. Treatment duration was defined as the number of days between the first day of radiotherapy until the last day of pelvic treatment (either brachytherapy or pelvic external beam radiotherapy boost). Prolonged treatment was considered as any treatment duration greater than 63 days. CSS for patients with either grade 0-1 or grade ≥ 2 CTCAE v5.0 magnesium toxicity was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Peto & Peto modification to the generalized Gehan-Wilcoxon was used to determine statistical significance between groups. Associations with prolonged treatment duration was explored using logistic regression. P-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. A total of 186 patients were identified; median follow-up was 7 (IQR 2-11) years. 125 (67%) had stage I-II disease and 61 (33%) stage III-IV. Median treatment duration was 51 (IQR 48-57) days. All patients received concurrent weekly cisplatin-based chemotherapy with RT: the majority (n = 133; 72%) received 5 or 6 cycles. 147 (79%) patients received routine IV magnesium infusion with their chemotherapy and 173 (93%) received routine IV mannitol. During treatment the highest CTCAE v5.0 magnesium toxicity score was grade 0-1 in 158 (85%) and grade ≥ 2 in 28 (15%). Magnesium grade ≥ 2 was associated with worse 5-year CSS [grade 0-1: 5yr CSS 67.2%, (95% CI 60.1-75.1); grade ≥ 2: 5yr CSS 50%, (95% CI 34.5-72.4); p = 0.039]. Magnesium status was not associated with an increase in treatment duration [OR 1.465 (95% CI 0.3177 - 6.753); p = 0.625]. On-treatment hypomagnesemia ≥ grade 2 (CTCAE v5.0) was associated with worse CSS but did not predict longer treatment duration. This is the first study that shows a detrimental survival impact of on-treatment hypomagnesemia in this patient population. These findings highlight the need to ensure adequate monitoring, support and correction of magnesium during definitive CRT.

A Study of Hypomagnesemia in Patients Admitted to the ICU.

Introduction After potassium, magnesium (Mg2+) is the most prevalent cation found intracellularly in the human body. The maintenance of excitability by Mg2+ and other cations is crucial for the neuromuscular junction to operate normally. Magnesium shortages are frequently overlooked compared to other electrolyte disorders such as hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and hypocalcemia. The present study aimed to study the factors and effects of hypomagnesemia amongintensive care unit (ICU) patients who are critically ill at atertiary care hospital. Methods This is a prospective observational study done among the patients who got admittedto the Medical ICUat Maharajahs Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Nellimarla, Vizianagaram, from January 2020 to June 2021. A total of 100 patients were included in the study, of which 50 were cases and 50 were controls. The cases are those patients admitted to the medical ICU with critical illness and hypomagnesemia, and the controls are selected from those patients admitted with critical illness to the medical ICU with normal magnesium levels. Patients with severe infections, including sepsis, respiratory failure, cardiac failure,renal failure, cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), poisonings, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), were included in the study. Patients who were treated with magnesium before admission to our ICU were excluded from this study. Serum magnesium was tested within24 hours of admission and is correlated with the outcomes of the patients in terms of APACHE II score, length of ICU stay, and requirementand duration ofventilatory support. Results Out of a total of 50 cases, 29 (58%) are of males. The mean age of cases was57.6 ∓ 8.2 years. Most cases were admitted due to organ failure (30%), followed by sepsis (26%) and poisoning (22%). The mean magnesium levels were 1.19 mg/dL among the cases, which was significantly lower when compared to the control group (2.16 mg/dL) (p-value= 0.01). The mean length of stay in the ICU was 6.12∓5.16 days in cases, whereas it was 5.28∓3.37 days in the control group (p-value = 0.33). 12% of cases needed non-invasive ventilation (NIV) when compared to 8% of controls (p-value= 0.50). 48% of the cases needed invasive ventilator support when compared to 28% in the control group (p-value= 0.03). The duration of invasive ventilation was higher among the cases (mean = 10 ∓3-17 days) compared to the controls(mean = 3 ∓2-4 days);p-value = 0.001.Mortality was higher in the case groupat 28% (14) and was 10% (5) in the control group (p-value = 0.02). Conclusion The need for invasive ventilation and duration of invasive ventilation were significantly higher among thepatients with hypomagnesemia compared to the patients with normal magnesium levels (p-value<0.05).Mortality was higher in the cases than in the controls (p-value<0.05).

Frequency of Hypomagnesemia in Patients with Hypokalemia Admitted in A Tertiary Care Hospital

Deficiencies of electrolytes (hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia) are of clinical importance in hospitalized patients. Hypomagnesemia is often associated with hypokalemia and concomitant hypomagnesemia potentiates hypokalemia and makes it difficult to treat with potassium replacement alone. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of hypomagnesemia in hypokalemic patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Total 75 patients with admission hypokalemia (serum potassium &lt;3.5 mmol/l) were approached for inclusion in the study. Overall frequency of hypomagnesemia (serum Mg2+ level &lt;0.66 mmol/L) were present in 58.7% (n=44) patients. A positive correlation was observed between serum level of potassium and magnesium in our study population. (Pearson’s correlation co-efficient, r=0.801, P &lt;0.001). However, before any final comment further multicenter study is recommended.

Incidence of hypomagnesemia in patients with HER2+ breast cancer treated with pertuzumab.

e12569 Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women. HER2 gene amplification/protein overexpression is seen in about 20% of breast cancer cases. Pertuzumab (P), an EGFR inhibitor, is a monoclonal antibody administered with Trastuzumab in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Breast oncologists across multiple institutions have noted hypomagnesemia in patients receiving P-containing regimens. Retrospective data from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and University of Florida Health have reported the incidence of hypomagnesemia in patients treated with P neoadjuvantly (8/90 and 7/25, respectively). Cetuximab and Panitumumab, also EGFR inhibitors, are well known to cause hypomagnesemia. Hypomagnesemia can be clinically associated with convulsions, atrial tachycardias, hypocalcemia and hypokalemia. This prospective study details the incidence, severity, and timeline of hypomagnesemia in HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with P. Methods: 27 eligible patients were identified at two institutions through medical oncology clinic visits and weekly tumor board screenings. Inclusion criteria was HER2+ breast cancer patients initiating treatment with P. Patients receiving platinum agents were excluded (8/27). Following informed consent, magnesium levels were obtained along with standard of care comprehensive metabolic panels at the first four P infusions (19/27). Results: A one-sample binomial test was used to compare the proportion of hypomagnesemia at 3 months among subjects who receive P with 2% (historical control). Results demonstrated that only one patient developed a magnesium level below normal range, resulting in no significant difference with historical control (P = 0.291) This patient’s magnesium level was low at baseline and did not significantly improve or worsen throughout treatment with P. Conclusions: There was no significant incidence of hypomagnesemia noted in HER2+ breast cancer patients treated with P. This emphasizes the safety of P in patient populations prone to developing hypomagnesemia such as those receiving concurrent Carboplatin. Our results do not indicate clinical monitoring of hypomagnesemia is necessary for patients receiving P. [Table: see text]

Associations of hypomagnesemia in patients seeking a first treatment of alcohol use disorder

IntroductionHypomagnesemia (hypoMg) has not yet been extensively studied in alcohol use disorder (AUD) . We hypothesize that chronic, excessive alcohol consumption favors oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory alterations that may be exacerbated by hypoMg. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence and associations of hypoMg in AUD. Patients and MethodsCross-sectional study in patients admitted for a first treatment of AUD in six tertiary centers between 2013 and 2020. Socio-demographic, alcohol use characteristics, and blood parameters were ascertained at admission. Results753 patients (71% men) were eligible; age at admission was 48 years [IQR, 41–56 years]. Prevalence of hypoMg was 11.2%, higher than that observed for hypocalcemia (9.3%), hyponatremia (5.6%), and hypokalemia (2.8%). HypoMg was associated with older age, longer duration of AUD, anemia, higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, glucose levels, advanced liver fibrosis (FIB-4 ≥3.25) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min. In multivariate analysis, advanced liver fibrosis (OR, 8.91; 95% CI, 3.3–23.9) and eGFR < 60 mL (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.0–26.2) were the only factors associated with hypoMg. ConclusionsMg deficiency in AUD is associated with liver damage and glomerular dysfunction suggesting that both comorbidities should be assessed in the course of serum hypoMg.

Frequency of Hypomagnesemia in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of hypomagnesemia among COPD patients (COPD). Study design: A cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: I have been offered a position in the Medicine &amp; Pulmonology Department at Nishtar Hospital in Multan, Pakistan, which I will begin in March 2016 and remain in until February 2018. Methodology: The non-probabilistic sequential sampling technique used to choose the final pool of 137 cases. Quantitative variables' means and standard deviations were determined. Quantitative evaluation included frequency counts and percentages for qualitative factors. Several effect modifiers have been taken into consideration via stratification, including age, diabetes, body mass index, COPD, high blood pressure, smoking, socioeconomic status, place of residence (race/ethnicity), and gender. A chi-square test for stratification was used to examine the data, and a P value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 30.81±14.74 Nearly eighty-one percent of the sample had illnesses that lasted more than 18 months, and the median duration of illness was also months (112). Fifty patients, or 36.5% of the total, were found to have low magnesium levels, with a mean blood magnesium level of 1.520.54 meq/liter. Practical Implementation: There is a lack of data on the function of magnesium in preventing COPD exacerbations. Hypomagnesemia may prove to be helpful in establishing COPD exacerbation as a predictive factor, according to the research that is now being conducted. This could lead to the development of COPD intervention strategies other than the standard treatments, enhancing COPD patients' life quality, morbidity, and mortality. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that hypomagnesemia is common among people with COPD. Male gender, greater age, lower socioeconomic status, diabetes, hypertension, tobacco use, and longer disease duration were all associated with low magnesium levels. Keywords: Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), frequency, hypomagnesemia.

Assessment of serum magnesium and correlation with glycemic control and complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus – A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in eastern zone of India

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an expanding global health problem. Type 2 DM (T2DM) patients account about 90% of total DM patients. Magnesium is important for different physiological mechanism. Hypomagnesemia is common in T2DM patient. Magnitude of hypomagnesemia is related with glycemic control and is associated with complications of T2DM. Aims and Objectives: Our aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in patients of T2DM patients and to find their correlation with glycemic control and complications of T2DM patients in rural population of eastern zone of India. Materials and Methods: The hospital-based cross-sectional study includes 99 male and female DM patients between 15 and 60 years age. Fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, HbA1c, serum total magnesium, and urine albumin creatinine ratio were measured. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and then analyzed by SPSS (version 25.0; SPSS Inc.) and GraphPad Prism (version 5.0). P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: From our study, we observed that hypomagnesemia is common in T2DM patients. The magnitude of hypomagnesemia is correlated with glycemic control (P &lt; 0.0001). Moreover, hypomagnesemia is associated with diabetic kidney diseases (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that serum magnesium should be monitored in all T2DM patients and should be managed appropriately because hypomagnesemia may induce complications in T2DM patients.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Hypomagnesemia in Patients of Surgical Intensive Care Unit of Taibh University Madinah Hospitals

Incidence and Risk Factors of Hypomagnesemia in Patients of Surgical Intensive Care Unit of Taibh University Madinah Hospitals

Hypomagnesemia and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been suggested to be the most common metabolic disorder associated with several macrovascular and microvascular complications. Hypomagnesemia has been reported to occur at an increased frequency among patients with type-2 DM. Those who have poor glycemic control and longtime DM are more likely to decrease the blood magnesium (Mg) level. Mg deficit may also coexist with deficiencies of other dietary elements, such as vitamins, calcium (Ca++) and potassium (K+). Despite numerous reports linking hypomagnesemia to chronic diabetic complications, attention to this issue is poor among clinicians. This article reviews the literature on physiology &amp; biochemistry of Mg++ diagnosis and incidence, features, causes, complications and management of hypomagnesemia in patients with type-2 DM.&#x0D; EMCJ. January 2022; 7(1): 26-31

Preoperative Low Serum Magnesium Level is a Significant Predictive Factor for Postoperative Hypomagnesemia in Patients Who Underwent Parathyroidectomy for Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Preoperative Low Serum Magnesium Level is a Significant Predictive Factor for Postoperative Hypomagnesemia in Patients Who Underwent Parathyroidectomy for Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Relationship between long-term use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and hypomagnesemia in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Background:The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the long-term use of PPI and hypomagnesemia in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.Methods:This case control study was conducted on GERD patients with long-term use of proton pump inhibitor and patients with no history of gastroesophageal reflux and proton pump inhibitor referring to gastrointestinal clinic in 2019. Then concentration of serum magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to protocol. Other data were extracted from medical records. Statistical tests such as t-test, chi-square test and ONE WAY ANOVA were used for analysis of data.Results:In the current study, 263 patients were classified into two groups (case: 132, control: 131). The mean level of potassium in case and control groups was 3.92±0.64 and 4.20±0.43, respectively (P=0.001). Moreover, the mean level of Mg in two groups was 2.03±0.36 and 2.09±0.52, respectively (P=0.24). In addition, significant difference was seen between serum level of K, regarding the type of proton pump inhibitor and duration of medication use (p<0.01). However, no significant difference was seen between serum levels of Mg, regarding the type of proton pump inhibitor such as omeprazole, pantoprazole and other drugs (p>0.05).Conclusion:Based on these results, long-term use of proton pump inhibitors is not associated with hypomagnesemia in GERD patients. However, long-term use of PPIs may reduce serum potassium levels in these patients. Therefore, periodic evaluation of serum Mg level in PPI-treated patients seems to be unnecessary.

Does the association of therapeutic exercise and supplementation with sucrosomial magnesium improve posture and balance and prevent the risk of new falls?

BackgroundFracture of the proximal femur is the most feared complication of osteoporosis. Given the numerous physiological functions that magnesium performs in our body, in the literature there is a correlation between osteoporosis and low serum levels of magnesium.AimEvaluate the incidence of hypomagnesemia in patients with lateral fragility fracture of the proximal femur, the possible correlation between serum magnesium levels and fractures, and the effectiveness of supplementing Sucrosomial® magnesium associated with therapeutic exercise on the outcome of these patients.MethodsWe divided the study into two parts. In the first part, we assessed the preoperative incidence of hypomagnesemia in patients using a blood test. In the second part, patients with hypomagnesemia were divided, in the post-operative period, into two groups, who received, respectively, only therapeutic exercise or oral supplementation with sucrosomial magnesium associated with therapeutic exercise.ResultsHalf of the patients with fragility femoral fracture had hypomagnesemia, with a higher incidence of the subclinical form. From the comparison between the two groups, the T1 treatment group showed a significant improvement in blood levels of magnesium (2.11 ± 0.15 vs. 1.94 ± 0.11; p < 0.05), on the NRS scale (5.7 ± 0.81 vs. 6.6 ± 1.18; p < 0.05), the Tinetti scale (17.3 ± 1.15 vs. 15.2 ± 2.98; p < 0.05) and the SarQoL questionnaire (47.3 ± 5.21 vs. 44.9 ± 5.54; p < 0.05).ConclusionsMore attention would be needed in the diagnosis and correction of subclinical hypomagnesemia and not just the simple and clinically evident one, including hypomagnesemia among the modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis.