Hypoglycemic Activity Of Aqueous Extract Research Articles

Unlocking the anti-diabetic potential of Gymnema sylvestre, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and their combination thereof: Anin-vivo evaluation.

The current study aimed to explore the anti-diabetic effect of aqueous extracts of Gymnema sylvestre, Trigonella foenum-graecum and mixture of both the plants in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. A total of 30 rabbits were grouped into six equal groups as: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with 300 mg/kg body weight (bw) G. sylvestre, diabetic treated with 300 mg/kg bw T. foenum-graecum, diabetic treated with 300 mg/kg bw mixture of both the plants and diabetic treated with 500 mg/kg bw metformin for 4 weeks. Diabetes was induced to all the study group animals except normal control by intravenous administration of alloxan monohydrate (80 mg/kg bw). Blood glucose was measured by glucometer and other biochemical parameters were determined through various kit methods. Serum insulin was measured through ELISA kit method. Results showed that both the plants and metformin significantly (p < .05) decreased the fasting blood glucose. Hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract of G. sylvestre and metformin was found slightly higher than aqueous extract of T. foenum-graecum and the mixture of both the plants. However, a significant (p < .05) rise in insulin secretion was observed in studied plants extract treated rabbits. Serum urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes were found reduced significantly (p < .05) in treated rabbits whereas packed cell volume was also returned to normal in treated animals as compared to control group. The study concluded that G. sylvestre and T. foenum-graecum extracts have comparable effects with metformin in normalizing the blood glucose level and have more pronounced effect than metformin in restoring the serum biochemical parameters to normal levels. Hence, these plants may be the good alternative medicine in managing the diabetes mellitus.

Hypoglycemic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Latex from Hancornia speciosa Gomes: A Study in Zebrafish and In Silico

Hancornia speciosa Gomes is a tree native to Brazil and has therapeutic potential for several diseases. Ethnopharmacological surveys have reported that the plant is used as a hypoglycemic agent and to lose weight. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the aqueous extract from H. speciosa latex (LxHs) in a zebrafish model of diabetes. The extract was evaluated through high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HTPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). We then tested treatments with LxHs (500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg) by assessing blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic animals, and metformin was used as a control. The toxicity was evaluated through histopathology of the pancreas and biochemical assessment of serum levels of AST, ALT, creatinine, and urea. The extract was also assessed for acute toxicity through several parameters in embryos and adult animals. Finally, we performed in silico analysis through the SEA server and docking using the software GOLD. The phytochemical study showed the compounds cornoside, dihydrocornoide, and 1-O-methyl-myoinositol (bornesitol). The treatment with all doses of LxHs significantly decreased alloxan-induced hyperglycemia without any significant histological or biochemical abnormalities. No significant frequency of teratogenesis was observed in the embryos exposed to the extract, and no significant behavioral changes or deaths were observed in adult animals. In silico, the results showed a potential interaction between inositol and enzymes involved in carbohydrates’ metabolism. Overall, the results show a hypoglycemic activity of the extract in vivo, with no apparent toxicity. The computational studies suggest this could be at least partially due to the presence of bornesitol, since inositols can interact with carbohydrates’ enzymes.

Antihyperglycemic Activity and Phytochemical Screening of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Khaya Senegalensis&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (Meliaceae) in Wistar Rats

The aim of this study was to identify the chemical group, evaluate an acute toxicity study and analyze the effect of aqueous extract Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae), on experimentally induced hyperglycemic condition in rats. The phytochemical study of the aqueous extract of Khaya senegalensis revealed the presence of active secondary metabolic compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, catechol tannins, quinones, saponins, sterols and terpenes. The stem bark of Khaya senegalensis was used for acute toxicity study by gavage in Swiss mice. The aqueous extract of Khaya senegalensis (AEKS) at the dose of 35±5 mg/kg administrated by gavage showed that all the mice treated were living after 24 hours. The lethal dose obtained by intraperitoneal administration with graded doses to the mice was 1778 mg/kg. This extract could be non-toxic. The study of AEKS activity on blood glucose in rats showed a significant (p <0.01) the concentration of glucose in the serum of the treated rats with the AEKS (96.2 ± 30 mg/dl) and Glibenclamide (92.4±10 mg/dL), compared to glucose concentrations in the serum of hyperglycemic rats (197.1 ± 50 mg/dl). Thus, the study showed hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract of Khaya senegalensis. In conclusion, the administration of AEKS causes hypoglycemic activity in rats given oral glucose load. Hypoglycemia this is due to the presence of active chemical groups in the extract of this plant, such as flavonoids, catechin tannins, polyphenols, quinones, sterols and terpenes. These results confirm the therapeutic indication in traditional medicine Khaya senegalensis in the treatment of diabetic disease.

Antidiabetic effect of combined spices of Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale and Capsicum frutescens in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Allium sativum (garlic), Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Capsicum frutescens (cayenne pepper) are common dietary spices also traditionally used in the treatment of various diseases including diabetes mellitus. The antidiabetic activity of each individual spice is well documented, but their effect when combined is unknown. Polyherbalism is of current interest because polyherbal formulations enhance therapeutic action and reduce the concentrations of single herbs, thereby reducing adverse events. This study evaluated the hypoglycaemic activity of aqueous extract of combined garlic, ginger and cayenne pepper (GGCP) at different doses in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were treated with GGCP at 200 mg and 500 mg/kg body weight/day, or glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight/day) for 7 days. GGCP extract significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the elevated fasting blood glucose, lipid and haematological indices. The mixture markedly attenuated cellular toxicity, and reduced tubular degeneration and necrosis in the kidney, fatty degeneration and necrosis in the liver and pancreatic hyperplasia in diabetic rats. These effects were more pronounced at 500 mg/kg and equipotent with glibenclamide, suggesting that in addition to its hypoglycaemic activity, GGCP protects the blood, kidney, liver and pancreas against diabetic injury. This is the first pilot study to evaluate a possible role for this spice mixture in the treatment of diabetes.

Hypoglycaemic activity of aqueous extract of &lt;i&gt;Pentaclethra macrophylla&lt;/i&gt; Benth. (Fabaceae) stem bark in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats

The aqueous stem bark extract of Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth. (Fabaceae) was evaluated for hypoglycaemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin, 50 mg/kg (i.p.) in fasted rats and the blood glucose levels were monitored at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 h and on the 14th day post treatment with the extract (250 and 500 mg/kg). Results showed that the extract (500 mg/kg) significantly reduced blood glucose in diabetic animals from the 4th h (p&lt;0.01), 26.5% and was sustained throughout the entire period of the experiment. The maximum effect was seen at the 8th h (p&lt;0.001), 38.6% and this was comparable to that of glibenclamide (p&lt;0.001), 40.0%. The extract showed significant reduction in massive loss of body weights at 400 mg/kg (p&lt;0.05) and 800 mg/kg (p&lt;0.05) in diabetic rats. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides. Acute toxicity studies did not show any mortality at a dose of 10 g/kg. These results confirm the hypoglycaemic properties of the aqueous stem bark of P. macrophylla thus supporting the usage of the plant in traditional medicine in Eastern Nigeria in the treatment of diabetes mellitusKeywords: Hypoglycemic, streptozotocin, Pentaclethra macrophylla

Comparative Hypoglycemic Effects of Cassia Glauca Lam. in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate comparative hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract of Cassia glauca leaf and bark. The various parameters studied included effect on fasting blood glucose levels of normoglycemic rats, oral glucose tolerance test and hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. On oral administration , aqueous extract showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) effect by reducing the effect of external glucose load in diabetic rats. In chronic model of treatment, the difference between the experimental (Cassia glauca bark extract) rats in lowering the fasting plasma glucose levels was statistically significant (P < 0.001) as compared in diabetic rats on day 21. These findings suggest the significant hypoglycemic potential of the Cassia glauca bark extracts in ameliorating the diabetic conditions in diabetic rats. No significant effects were found in the normal rats. Source of Support: The authors sincerely thank Dr. F. V. Manvi, Principal, KLES’s College of Pharmacy for providing the necessary facilities for this work.

Hypoglycemic activity of two Brazilian Bauhinia species: Bauhinia forficata L. and Bauhinia monandra Kurz.

The hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extracts from Bauhinia forficata L. and Bauhinia monandra Kurz leaves (10% w/v) was evaluated in normoglycemic mice. Both extracts have shown hypoglycemic activity using this methodology. It was also possible to isolate two flavonoids from B. forficata L., 3,7-di-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosylquercetin and 3,7-di-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosylkaempferol (kaempferitrin), whose structures were elucidated by usual NMR techniques. Only the quercetin derivative was identified in B. monandra aqueous extract by HPLC.

Hypoglycemic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Pleurotus pulmonarius. in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice

Mushrooms have been valued throughout the world as both food and medicine for thousands of years. In the current study, we report the hypoglycemic effects of aqueous extract of one variety of mushroom, Pleurotus pulmonarius. (Fr.) Quel.-Champ (Lentinaceae), in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Pleurotus pulmonarius. extract was administrated orally at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg to separate groups of mice (normal and alloxan-treated mice), and serum glucose and body weight were measured. In the separate group of mice, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out. Acute oral toxicity data showed no mortality in the normal mice up to 5000 mg/kg. Oral administration of extracts reduced the serum glucose level in alloxan-treated diabetic mice in all the doses tested after acute and chronic (28 days) administration. The extract also showed increased glucose tolerance in both normal and diabetic mice. These results suggest that the extract possesses hypoglycemic activity.

Hypoglycemic effects of Murraya koenigii on normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbits

In past there have been many medicinal plants, which have been used in traditional medicines for their antidiabetic properties without any scientific support and pharmacological evidence. The aqueous extract of Murraya koenigii leaves has been taken to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rabbits. This plant is promising as it is widely and regularly used as a spice for food flavoring and as such it appears to be without any side effects and toxicity. Adequate characterization of hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract has not been yet done, as no such reports are available in the literature though the activity is reported. The scientific evaluation of its hypoglycemic activity was, therefore, explored and also compared with the effect of a standard hypoglycemic drug, tolbutamide. A single oral administration of variable dose levels (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg) of aqueous extract led to lowering of blood glucose level in normal as well as in diabetic rabbits. The maximum fall of 14.68% in normal and 27.96% in mild diabetic was observed after 4 h of oral administration of 300 mg/kg. The same dose also showed a marked improvement in glucose tolerance of 46.25% in sub-diabetic (AR) and 38.5% in mild diabetic rabbits in glucose tolerance test after 2 h. The findings from this study suggest that the aqueous extract of these leaves may be prescribed as adjunct to dietary therapy and drug treatment for controlling diabetes mellitus.

Hypoglycemic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Eucalyptus globulus in Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

ABSTRACT Single and repeated oral administration of the aqueous extract of Eucalyptus globulus leaves at the doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight exhibited a significant, dose-dependent hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin diabetic rats. In rats with a normal functioning pancreas, however, no significant changes in blood glucose levels were observed after a single or repeated oral administration of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract. In diabetic rats, the repeated oral administration of Eucalyptus globulus aqueous leaf extract significantly increased the basal plasma insulin concentrations (P < 0.05). The oral acute toxicity study in mice demonstrated that the LD50 value for the Eucalyptus globulus leaf tissue was 4.5 g/kg. The results support the validity of empirical uses of EG in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Hypoglycaemic Activity of an Aqueous Extract from Ficus Carica (Fig Tree) Leaves in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

To investigate the hypoglycaemic activity of Ficus carica leaf aqueous extract, a decoction was administred to rats in lieu of drinking water for three weeks. The groups were: untreated non-diabetic (n = 13), untreated diabetic (n = 13), treated non-diabetic (n =13) and treated diabetic (n = 13) animals. The extract decreased (p < 0.025) plasma glucose in diabetic (27.9 ± 4.5 mmol/L to 19.6 ± 9.9 mmol/L) while not in normal rats. Plasma insulin levels were decreased by treatment (p < 0.05) in non-diabetic rats from 4.9± 1.6 ng/mL to 3.3 ± 1.2 ng/mL. Glucose uptake (µmol/min) by rat hindquarters perfused was: 5.9 ± 2.2 (untreated non-diabetic rats), 4.8 ± 2.3 (treated non-diabetic rats, p < 0.05 vs. untreated non-diabetic rats), 2.0 ± 2.0 (untreated diabetic rats, p < 0.01 vs. untreated non-diabetic rats) and 4.1 ± 3.6 (treated diabetic rats) in absence of insulin; 7.0 ± 1.7 (untreated non-diabetic rats), 8.3 ± 0.8 (treated non-diabetic rats, p < 0.05 vs. untreated non-diabetic rats), 5.0 ± 1.6 (untreated diabetic rats, p < 0.05 vs. untreated non-diabetic rats) and 6.4 ± 2.4 (treated diabetic rats) in presence of insulin. Lactate released was lower in untreated diabetic vs. untreated non-diabetic rats. Thus, Ficus carica extract showed a clear hypoglycaemic effect in diabetic rats. Such an effect cannot be mediated by an enhanced insulin secretion, so an as yet undefined insulin-like peripheral effect, may be suggested.