Prevalence Of Hypodontia Research Articles

Orthodontic anomalies and malocclusions in Late Antique and Early Mediaeval period in Croatia

ObjectiveMalocclusions are relative infrequently analysed in bioarchaeological investigations and if investigated the samples are very small. This research provides analysis of orthodontic anomalies of even 1118 individuals from the Late Antique (LA) and Early Mediaeval (EM) period. Aims were to describe the prevalence of orthodontic anomalies in this historical period and to analyse which orthodontic anomalies are best suitable for bioarchaeological investigations. Methods1118 skulls were examined for anomalies of tooth number, tooth displacement (rotation, malposition, diastema and crowding) as well as for malocclusions. ResultsThe prevalence of hypodontia in the LA was 41.02% and 30.61% in the EM sample. Tooth displacement was noticed in 15.63% individuals from the LA and in 12.42% individuals from EM. About 26% of the LA sample and 7.19% of the EM sample were affected with tooth crowding and the difference was statistically significant. ConclusionOrthodontic anomalies affecting only one tooth or group of teeth are more suitable for examination in bioarchaeological investigations than orthodontic features requiring presence of both jaws and all or almost all teeth. Clinical investigation protocols and methodology should be adopted for bioarchaeological researches and international standards and recommendations should be established for this kind of investigation on skeletal remains.

Dental anomalies in Chinese children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate

To investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies in Chinese children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Dental histories and radiographs of 244 Chinese children with UCLP were collected. The diagnosis of dental anomalies was based on panoramic radiographs before alveolar bone grafting. All patients were over 8 years old. In the UCLP group, 66.8% of the patients was presented with hypodontia. The maxillary lateral incisors were the most common teeth affected, followed by maxillary second premolars, mandibular incisors and mandibular second premolars. A total of 33.6% the patients was presented with dental malformation, most were microdontic laterel incisors. A total of 4.9% the patients was presented with hyperdontia. The supernumerary teeth were more frequently found in the cleft region. The prevalence of missing maxillary lateral incisor in the noncleft side was statistically different between genders, which was higher in male (P < 0.050). This group of Chinese children with UCLP demonstrated significantly higher prevalence of hypodontia, hyperdontia, and malformation on the cleft side than on the noncleft side (P < 0.01). Hypodontia is the most common type of dental anomalies. The prevalence of dental anomalies is higher in the UCLP patients than in the normal population. Dental anomalies occur more frequently on the cleft side than on the noncleft side.

Investigation of Hypodontia as Clinically Related Dental Anomaly: Prevalence and Characteristics

Objective. Patients with hypodontia are relatively common in clinical dentistry. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of hypodontia of permanent teeth in Korean orthodontic patients and whether such prevalence is associated with the type of dental clinic, patient gender, or the type of malocclusion. Materials and Methods. Over a five-year period, we evaluated 3,055 patients (mean age, 15.1 years; range 9~30) from two geographically separated orthodontic clinics: 1,479 from University Hospital and 1,576 from a private clinic. Hypodontia was diagnosed using panoramic radiographs, clinical examination, and dental casts. Results. The overall prevalence of hypodontia, excluding the third molars, was 11.3%, and there was no statistically significant association with the type of dental clinic, gender, or malocclusion patterns. The most commonly missing teeth were the mandibular second premolars (44.2%), followed by the mandibular lateral incisors (36.6%), and the maxillary second premolars (34.0%). In both sexes, 86.0% of patients with hypodontia were missing one or two teeth. Conclusion. The relatively high prevalence of hypodontia emphasizes the importance of dental examination in early childhood with radiographic screening for hypodontia as standard public oral health policy and warrants further investigation of the orthodontic treatment strategies to prevent resultant oral health impairments of hypodontia.

Bilateral agenesis of mandibular canines in a patient with isolated cleft palate

The prevalence of hypodontia is less than 6.5% in the UK. This is, however, higher in the oral cleft population and commonly affects teeth within the cleft region. The incidence of missing mandibular canines is very low in non-cleft and cleft populations. There are very few cases reported in the literature, with an incidence of less than 0.1%. In this paper, we report a case of bilateral agenesis of mandibular canines in a patient with a cleft palate and discuss possible management options for hypodontia. The management involves a multidisciplinary approach involving general dental practitioners, paediatric dentists, orthodontists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons and restorative dentists. The teams work together to redistribute the space and/or restore spaces to achieve optimum aesthetics and function.

Tooth Abnormalities of Number and Position in the Permanent Dentition of Patients with Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

To radiographically evaluate the prevalence of tooth abnormalities of number and position in the permanent dentition of individuals with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. Cross-sectional retrospective. Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil. Two hundred five individuals with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. Analysis of patient records and panoramic radiographs. Evaluation of hypodontia and supernumerary teeth and analysis of the position of the permanent maxillary lateral incisor in relation to the alveolar cleft. Hypodontia was observed in 144 patients (70.2%), and the highest prevalence was observed for the maxillary lateral incisor. When both lateral incisors were present (43%), they were primarily located on the distal side of the cleft (25%). Supernumerary teeth were observed in 11.7% of individuals. Patients with cleft lip and palate presented high prevalence of hypodontia and supernumerary teeth. The prevailing characteristics of their location may suggest the presence of a similar genetic component for the occurrence of hypodontia and cleft.

Van der Woude syndrome: dentofacial features and implications for clinical practice

Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is the most common clefting syndrome in humans. It is characterized by the association of congenital lower lip fistulae with cleft lip and/or cleft palate. VWS individuals have a high prevalence of hypodontia. Although caused by a single gene mutation, VWS has variable phenotypic expression. This study aimed to describe the range of clinical presentations in 22 individuals with VWS to facilitate its diagnosis. A retrospective study of 22 patients with a diagnosis of VWS was undertaken at the Australian Craniofacial Unit (ACFU) in Adelaide. Three extended families with affected members were included in the study cohort. The overall prevalence of lip pits in this study cohort was 86%. Cleft phenotypes included bilateral cleft lip and palate (32%); unilateral cleft lip and palate (32%); submucous cleft palate (23%); and isolated cleft hard and soft palate (9%). Missing permanent teeth were reported in 86% of affected individuals. Submucous cleft palate in VWS may go undiagnosed if the lower lip pits are not detected. Associated hypodontia and resultant malocclusions will also require management by a dental team.

Prevalence of hypodontia in nine- to fourteen-year-old children who attended the Mashhad School of Dentistry

Hypodontia is defined as the congenital absence of one or a few teeth, and is also the most common anomaly in dental development. This condition occurs either individually or as part of the symptoms of a syndrome, and it is more common in permanent teeth than in deciduous teeth, reporting a prevalence of between 1.6 and 9.6%. The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of hypodontia for permanent teeth in nine- to 14-year-old children who attended the Mashhad School of Dentistry in 2007. We conducted this descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study, to determine the mentioned aims. In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, panoramic radiographs belonging to 600 children (351 girls and 249 boys), aged nine to 14 years, were available for examination. All related findings were recorded in the respective forms. The data were processed using Exact and Chi-square tests. The prevalence of hypodontia in the girls was 9.2%, in the boys 8.8%, and in both sexes combined 9%. The most and the least frequent cases of absent teeth were the mandibular second premolars and the maxillary central incisor (only one child), respectively. The most commonly absent teeth were the mandibular second premolars, the maxillary lateral incisors, the mandibular central incisor, and the maxillary second premolars, in that order. This study showed a high frequency of hypodontia among the understudied population. Thus, due to the complicated treatment, accurate examination of children for on-time diagnosis of this developmental anomaly is crucial.

Prevalence of hypodontia in orthodontic patients in Brasilia, Brazil

The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of hypodontia and associated dental anomalies in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in Brasília, Brazil, over a 2 year period (1998-2000). The records of 1049 orthodontic patients between 10 and 15.7 years of age (507 males and 542 females) from 16 orthodontic clinics were analysed. Descriptive statistics were performed for the study variables. A chi-square test was used to determine the difference in the prevalence of hypodontia between genders. The prevalence of hypodontia was 6.3 per cent (39.4 per cent males and 60.6 per cent females) with no statistically significant difference between the genders. One case of oligodontia was observed. The maxillary lateral incisor was the most frequently missing tooth, followed by the mandibular second premolar. All cases of hypodontia, except one, were associated with at least one other dental anomaly. These associated dental anomalies were retained primary teeth (30.3 per cent), ectopic canine eruption (25.8 per cent), taurodontism (21.2 per cent), and peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors (16.7 per cent).

The aetiology of hypodontia: The prevalence, severity and location of hypodontia within families

AimsPrevious studies have indicated that hypodontia has a significantly higher prevalence in the relatives of affected individuals than in the general population. This study aims to examine further the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of hypodontia by investigating the relationship between the severity and distribution of hypodontia between family members, and any discernable effect of maternal health during pregnancy and birth weight. Methods and results117 first degree relatives of 41 index patients were examined clinically and radiographically to identify the presence, severity and location of hypodontia. Both siblings and parents of index patients had a higher prevalence of hypodontia than the general population. The number and location of missing teeth was not related to the number and location of missing teeth in parents or siblings. The expression of hypodontia within a family was not affected by maternal health during pregnancy. ConclusionsThe variation found in the expression of hypodontia within families suggests that its occurrence is not solely determined by genetic factors, but epigenetic and environmental factors probably also are important. This finding is consistent with a multifactorial aetiology for this condition.

The pattern and prevalence of hypodontia in Koreans

The objective of this study was to evaluate the pattern and prevalence of hypodontia in the Korean population along with its association with the dental and skeletal polymorphisms. The diagnostic materials including casts, panoramic radiographs, and lateral cephalograms of 1622 Korean subjects (611 males, 1011 females) were used to evaluate the pattern and prevalence of hypodontia as well as its association with the congenital absence of the third molar. The changes in the tooth size and skeletal characteristics of the hypodontia group were evaluated using cast/cephalometric analysis and compared with the standard values of normal occlusion in Koreans. The prevalence of hypodontia in Koreans was 11.2%. The mandibular lateral incisor and second premolar were the most frequently absent. Congenital absence of the third molar was observed more frequently in the hypodontia group than in the non-hypodontia group. The prevalence of hypodontia in Class III malocclusion was significantly higher than in Class I or Class II malocclusion. The pattern and prevalence of hypodontia can vary in different ethnic groups. In Koreans, the special features of hypodontia were its association with a higher level of congenital missing third molars and skeletal Class III malocclusion.

Dental Anomalies of Number in the Permanent Dentition of Patients with Bilateral Cleft Lip: Radiographic Study

To radiographically evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies in patients with complete and incomplete bilateral cleft lip, comparing the prevalence of anomalies between genders and cleft types. Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. 150 randomly selected panoramic radiographs of individuals with complete or incomplete bilateral cleft lip; patient age 12 to 25 years (mean age 13.8 years). Data were statistically analyzed to compare the possible association between presence of hypodontia and supernumerary teeth, according to gender and cleft type. Among the 150 patients evaluated, 80 (53.3%) were male and 70 (46.6%) were female. Since no statistically significant difference was found in hypodontia between genders, data were grouped for analysis, revealing prevalence of 31.6% for complete clefts and 26.8% for incomplete clefts. Concerning supernumerary teeth, the prevalence for the male patients was 28.2% for complete cleft lip and 29.2% for incomplete cleft lip. For female patients, the prevalence was significantly (p = .006) lower for complete cleft lip (17.5%) than for incomplete cleft lip (46.6%). The present results suggest that the prevalence of hypodontia was higher in patients with complete cleft lip, and the prevalence of supernumerary teeth was higher in patients with incomplete cleft lip, in agreement with previous studies.

Hypodontia. Does the Prevalence and Distribution Pattern Differ in Orthodontic Patients?

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study was to document the prevalence of hypodontia in the permanent dentition among a group of Turkish sample who sought orthodontic treatment and to compare present results with the specific findings of other populations. The occurrence was evaluated in relation to gender, specific missing teeth, the location and pattern of distribution in the maxillary and mandibular arches and right and left sides.Materials And Methods: Orthodontic files of 2413 patients (1557 females-mean age: 17.78±5.41 years old and 856 males-mean age:17.02±5.47 years old) which included orthopantomograms, study models, and anamnestic data were examined for evidence of hypodontia.Results: The prevalence of hypodontia was 7.54% (8.09% for female and 6.54% for male). Hypodontia was found considerably more frequently in the maxilla than in the mandible. Similarity in the distribution of missing teeth between the right and left sides was detected. The most frequently missing teeth were the maxillary lateral incisors, followed by the mandibular and maxillary second premolars. The majority of patients had one or two teeth missing, but seldom three or more.Conclusions: Present data for hypodontia were within the wide range reported in the literature. The findings of patients with hypodontia involving the anterior teeth and others missing more than two teeth in the same quadrant were an indication of a great need for orthodontic treatment. By early detection of missing teeth, alternative treatment modalities can be planned and performed with a multidisciplinary team approach. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:167-173)

Angle’s classification and hypodontia, is there an association?

Aims: To find the association between different Angle’s classes of malocclusion and to estimate the distribution of hypodontia according to gender, number of missing teeth and the site of the missing teeth. In addition, the heredity role in hypodontia was investigated. Materials and Methods: About 3415 subjects, 1750 females and 1665 males aging between 18–30 years were examined clinically in addition periapical radiographs were taken for each patient to exclude a possibility of impaction. A family history of hypodontia for each patient was taken (for father, mother, brothers and sisters). Then the sample was divided into 3 groups depending on Angle’s classification of malocclusion. Results: No clear association was found between Angle's classes and hypodontia, females showed higher prevalence of hypodontia than males. Family history was obvious in patients with hypodontia. The upper lateral incisor was the most frequent absent tooth. Conclusions: No association was found between Angle’s classification and hypodontia. The upper lateral incisor was the most frequent missing tooth. Maxilla was affected by hypodontia more than mandible. Females were affected more than males with very obvious effect of family history on hypodontia.

A survey of hypodontia in Japanese orthodontic patients

The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence and distribution of hypodontia in the permanent dentition, excluding the third molars, in a sample of Japanese orthodontic patients. Orthopantomograms of 3358 Japanese orthodontic patients (1453 boys and 1905 girls) between the ages of 5 and 15 years were examined for evidence of hypodontia. The prevalence of hypodontia was 8.5% (7.5% for boys, 9.3% for girls) with no statistically significant difference between the sexes. The average number of missing teeth per child was 2.4 (2.5 for boys, 2.4 for girls). Most (76.3%) children with hypodontia were missing either 1 or 2 teeth (77.1% for boys, 75.7% for girls). The prevalence of advanced hypodontia was 10.1% (11.0% for boys, 9.7% for girls). The most commonly missing teeth were the mandibular second premolars, followed by the mandibular and maxillary lateral incisors, and the maxillary second premolars; minor differences in the order of prevalence existed among groups of children classified by the number of missing teeth. Symmetrical hypodontia was predominant, and the most commonly symmetrical hypodontia was mandibular second premolar agenesis. No consistent finding was obtained as to which jaw had more missing teeth. The distribution of missing teeth was similar between the right and left sides of the dental arches in each group of children. Anterior tooth agenesis was predominant in children with minor hypodontia, and posterior tooth agenesis increased with hypodontia severity. The distinct characteristic of hypodontia in the Japanese population compared with other populations was a higher prevalence of both advanced hypodontia and mandibular lateral incisor agenesis in children with minor hypodontia.

Hypodontia: genetics and future Hypodontia: genetics and future perspectives

Tooth development is a complex process of reciprocal interactions that we have only recently begun to understand. With the large number of genes involved in the odontogenic process, the opportunity for mutations to disrupt this process is high. Tooth agenesis (hypodontia) is the most common craniofacial malformation with patients missing anywhere from one tooth to their entire dentition. Hypodontia can occur in association with other developmental anomalies (syndromic) or as an isolated condition (non-syndromic). Recent advances in genetic techniques have allowed us to begin understanding the genetic processes that underlie the odontogenic process and to identify the mechanisms responsible for tooth agenesis. Thus far two genes have been identified by mutational analysis as the major causes of non-syndromic hypodontia; PAX9 and MSX1. Haploinsufficiency of either has been observed to cause the more severe forms of hypodontia whilst point mutations cause hypodontia to varying degrees of severity. With the prevalence of hypodontia having been observed to have increased during the 20th century, the future identification and analysis of its genetic basis is essential to allow us to better treat the condition. The clinician can facilitate this process by collaborating with the human geneticist and referring patients/families with familial hypodontia for investigative research.

Genetic Association Studies of Cleft Lip and/or Palate With Hypodontia Outside the Cleft Region

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the candidate genes previously studied in subjects with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both are associated with hypodontia outside the region of the cleft. Subjects: One hundred twenty subjects from the Iowa Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center were selected based on the availability of both dental records and genotype information. Method: The type of orofacial clefting and type and location of dental anomalies (missing teeth, supernumerary teeth, or peg laterals) were assessed by dental chart review and radiographic examination. Genotype analysis of candidate genes was performed using polymerase chain reaction/single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Results: The prevalence of hypodontia in this sample was 47.5%, with 30.0% of subjects having missing teeth outside the cleft. There was a positive association between subjects with cleft lip or cleft lip and palate who had hypodontia outside the cleft region (compared with noncle...

Genetic association studies of cleft lip and/or palate with hypodontia outside the cleft region.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the candidate genes previously studied in subjects with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both are associated with hypodontia outside the region of the cleft. One hundred twenty subjects from the Iowa Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center were selected based on the availability of both dental records and genotype information. The type of orofacial clefting and type and location of dental anomalies (missing teeth, supernumerary teeth, or peg laterals) were assessed by dental chart review and radiographic examination. Genotype analysis of candidate genes was performed using polymerase chain reaction/single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. The prevalence of hypodontia in this sample was 47.5%, with 30.0% of subjects having missing teeth outside the cleft. There was a positive association between subjects with cleft lip or cleft lip and palate who had hypodontia outside the cleft region (compared with noncleft controls) and both muscle segment homeo box homolog 1 (MSX1) (p =.029) and transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFB3) (p =.024). It was not possible in this analysis to determine whether this association was specifically associated with orofacial clefting combined with hypodontia or whether it was due primarily to the clefting phenotype. In this sample, there was a significantly greater incidence of hypodontia outside the cleft region in subjects with cleft lip and palate, compared with cleft lip only or cleft palate only. Cleft lip and/or palate with hypodontia outside the cleft region was positively associated with both TGFB3 and MSX1, compared with noncleft controls.

Dental anomalies of the permanent lateral incisors and prevalence of hypodontia outside the cleft area in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate.

To determine in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) subjects the characteristics (location, shape) of the cleft-side lateral incisor. The presence of a supernumerary tooth at the cleft side and the prevalence of hypodontia outside the cleft area were evaluated. A comparison was made of the shape of the cleft side lateral incisor to its contralateral incisor. Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies (HRCA), Sao Paulo, Brazil. Orthopantomograms of 203 subjects with UCLP and without syndromes were chronologically selected from the HRCA data bank, within an age range of 5 to 10 years. Orthopantomograms were analyzed by the same observer according to established criteria. There were no statistically significant differences between sexes for any of the criteria studied. The cleft-side lateral incisor was present in 50.2%, and it was more commonly located at the distal side (76.5%). The congenital absence of the cleft-side lateral incisor was observed in 49.8% of the sample, and its antimere was congenitally missing in 10.9%, this difference being statistically significant. The most commonly missing tooth outside the cleft area was the maxillary second premolar. The high prevalence of hypodontia of the permanent lateral incisor in the cleft side showed that the cleft could play an important role in this absence. There were different patterns for the presence of the cleft-side lateral incisor.

The interdisciplinary management of hypodontia: background and role of paediatric dentistry.

This paper is the first of a series on the comprehensive management of young people with hypodontia. The paper looks at the background to the condition, the possible aetiological factors, the prevalence of hypodontia and other related conditions. Lastly there is consideration of the role of the paediatric dentist in interdisciplinary management of the affected child and adolescent patient.

Dental Anomalies of the Permanent Lateral Incisors and Prevalence of Hypodontia Outside the Cleft Area in Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

Dental Anomalies of the Permanent Lateral Incisors and Prevalence of Hypodontia Outside the Cleft Area in Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate