Hypocotyl Growth Research Articles

Transcription factors BBX11 and HY5 interdependently regulate the molecular and metabolic responses to UV-B.

UV-B radiation acts as a developmental cue and a stress factor for plants, depending on dose. Activation of the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) in a UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8)-dependent manner leads to the induction of a broad set of genes under UV-B. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating this process are less understood. Here, we use molecular, biochemical, genetic, and metabolomic tools to identify the B-BOX transcription factor B-BOX PROTEIN 11 (BBX11) as a component of the molecular response to UV-B in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). BBX11 expression is induced by UV-B in a dose-dependent manner. Under low UV-B, BBX11 regulates hypocotyl growth suppression, whereas it protects plants exposed to high UV-B radiation by promoting the accumulation of photo-protective phenolics and antioxidants, and inducing DNA repair genes. Our genetic studies indicate that BBX11 regulates hypocotyl elongation under UV-B partially dependent on HY5. Overexpression of BBX11 can partially rescue the high UV-B sensitivity of hy5, suggesting that HY5-mediated UV-B stress tolerance is partially dependent on BBX11. HY5 regulates the UV-B-mediated induction of BBX11 by directly binding to its promoter. BBX11 reciprocally regulates the mRNA and protein levels of HY5. We report here the role of a BBX11-HY5 feedback loop in regulating photomorphogenesis and stress tolerance under UV-B.

Mechanism and technology of stand establishment improvements through regulating the apical hook formation and hypocotyl growth during seed germination and emergence in cotton

<p id="C3">Realizing full and strong stand establishment of seedlings is the basis for achieving high yields and bump harvests in cotton. However, cotton is a dicotyledonous plant whose cotyledons are successfully all unearthed for standing. Seedling emergence is susceptible to environmental conditions and seeding techniques. Therefore, it is generally more difficult for cotton to get full and strong stand establishment than other major crops. The apical hook formation and the hypocotyl growth at seed germination and emergence stages play key roles in seedling emergence and stand establishment. Here we systemically reviewed the regulation mechanism of cotton seedling growth for the first time and put forward the key agronomic cultivation techniques to promote cotton seedling growth, focusing on the physiological and molecular mechanism of hook formation and hypocotyl growth and their influencing factors. Precision monoseeding can improve timely and moderate expression of the key genes <italic>HLS1</italic> and <italic>COP1</italic> related to hypocotyl elongation and hook formation, which assures better stand establishment by timely formation and expansion of the hooks and timely shedding of seed shells. The hypocotyl can grow steadily and form strong seedings by regulating the expression of key genes <italic>HY5 </italic>and <italic>ARF2</italic> related to hypocotyl growth under precision monoseeding. In this paper, the key cultivation techniques of cotton precision monoseedling, combined with fine soil preparation, improving seed quality, plastic mulching, and drip irrigation under mulching were summarized and reviewed. This review provides important reference and guidance for the improvement and development of cotton sowing and cultivation technology in cotton.

SMAX1 Integrates Karrikin and Light Signals into GA-Mediated Hypocotyl Growth during Seedling Establishment.

Morphogenic adaptation of young seedlings to light environments is a critical developmental process that ensures plant survival and propagation, as they emerge from the soil. Photomorphogenic responses are facilitated by a network of light and growth hormonal signals, such as auxin and gibberellic acid (GA). Karrikins (KARs), a group of butenolide compounds produced from burning plant materials in wildfires, are known to stimulate seed germination in fire-prone plant species. Notably, recent studies support that they also regulate seedling growth, while underlying molecular mechanisms have been unexplored yet. Here, we demonstrate that SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1), a negative regulator of KAR signaling, integrates light and KAR signals into GA-DELLA pathways that regulate hypocotyl growth during seedling establishment. We found that SMAX1 facilitates degradation of DELLA proteins in the hypocotyls. Interestingly, light induces the accumulation of SMAX1 proteins, and SMAX1-mediated degradation of DELLA is elevated in seedling establishment during the dark-to-light transition. Our observations indicate that SMAX1-mediated integration of light and KAR signals into GA pathways elaborately modulates seedling establishment.

Influence of proline and methyl jasmonate priming on in vitro seed germination and seedling development of Chelidonium majus L

Drought, salinization and heavy metal pollution of soils are main stress factors with an increasing impact on the deterioration of soil quality, yield and crop quality. Seed priming shows good results in improving seed germination, seedling growth and plant development. Proline (Pro) and metyl jasmonate (MeJA) show stimulating activity and help plants overcome stress. The study investigated the effect of Pro, MeJA and hydropriming on seeds sown on water agar supplemented with different concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn) (HM), NaCl or Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000). Chelidonium majus is a medicinal species which is grown as a crop in some parts of Europe. It is an ingredient in some remedies and is becoming an increasingly popular object of research regarding its biological activities. The low concentrations of all heavy metals applied increased the germination of all variants of seeds – control, hydroprimed and those which were Pro and MeJA primed. Seed priming with Pro and MeJA promoted high germination percentage of seeds germinated on water agar with NaCl. PEG 6000 at its higher concentration (5%) slightly increased the seed germination of all variants. The growth of roots and hypocotyls was inhibited by HM and NaCl. However, PEG 6000 slightly influenced their growth.

Binding of 14-3-3κ to ADF4 is involved in the regulation of hypocotyl growth and response to osmotic stress in Arabidopsis

14–3-3 proteins, a family of conserved molecules in eukaryotes, target a number of protein clients through their ability to recognize well-defined phosphorylated motifs. ADF4, as one of Actin-Depolymerizing Factor (ADF) family of proteins, is involved in plant development, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we show that 14–3-3κ specially interacted with ADF4 in vitro and in vivo. The 14–3-3κ×adf4 double mutant displayed less F-actin bundle and shorter hypocotyl compared with adf4 mutant, indicating that 14–3-3κ acts upstream of ADF4 to mediate the hypocotyl growth in the dark-grown seedlings. Under the osmotic stress, 14–3-3κ mutants displayed less survival rate than wild-type plants. The adf4 mutants exhibited markedly enhanced survival rate under osmotic treatment, while ADF4-overexpressing plants displayed the opposite results, indicating that ADF4 plays a negative role in response to osmotic stress in Arabidopsis. The interaction between ADF4 and 14–3-3κ inhibited the association of ADF4 with actin filament. Moreover, the in vitro phosphorylation assay demonstrates that the phosphorylation of ADF4 by CASEIN KINASE1-LIKE PROTEIN2 (CKL2) was enhanced by binding 14–3-3κ. Collectively, our data infer a fundamental role for the interaction between 14–3-3κ and ADF4 in regulating hypocotyl growth and osmotic tolerance of plants.

APYRASE1/2 mediate red light-induced de-etiolation growth in Arabidopsis seedlings.

In etiolated seedlings, red light (R) activates phytochrome and initiates signals that generate major changes at molecular and physiological levels. These changes include inhibition of hypocotyl growth and promotion of the growth of primary roots, apical hooks, and cotyledons. An earlier report showed that the sharp decrease in hypocotyl growth rapidly induced by R was accompanied by an equally rapid decrease in the transcript and protein levels of two closely related apyrases (APYs; nucleoside triphosphate-diphosphohydrolases) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), APY1 and APY2, enzymes whose expression alters auxin transport and growth in seedlings. Here, we report that single knockouts of either APY inhibit R-induced promotion of the growth of primary roots, apical hooks, and cotyledons, and RNAi-induced suppression of APY1 expression in the background of apy2 inhibits R-induced apical hook opening. When R-irradiated primary roots and apical hook-cotyledons began to show a gradual increase in their growth relative to dark controls, they concurrently showed increased levels of APY protein, but in hook-cotyledon tissue, this occurred without parallel increases in their transcripts. In wild-type seedlings whose root growth is suppressed by the photosynthesis inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, the R-induced increased APY expression in roots was also inhibited. In unirradiated plants, the constitutive expression of APY2 promoted both hook opening and changes in the transcript abundance of Small Auxin Upregulated RNA (SAUR), SAUR17 and SAUR50 that help mediate de-etiolation. These results provide evidence that the expression of APY1/APY2 is regulated by R and that APY1/APY2 participate in the signaling pathway by which phytochrome induces differential growth changes in different tissues of etiolated seedlings.

Effect of exposing the seeds of tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to diode laser rays on the germination, growth of hypocotyl stems callus of their seedlings and its content of lycopene

The current study succeeded in demonstrating the role of red laser beams at a wavelength of 650 nm and a power of 50 milliwatts / cm2 when exposed to the seeds of the tomato plant Solanum lycopersicum L. at times of 0,5,10,15 minutes on their germination rate and seedlings growth, and then estimating the growth of its callus and its content of lycopene. Also the results showed that the time period of 10 minutes exceeded others in encouraging seed germination with a full percentage (100%) after 5 days of planting them on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with distinct growth of its seedlings, whose roots and vegetative total lengths reached 3.9, 7.1 cm after 20 days compared to seeds not exposed to radiation, the percentage reached 80% after 7 days, with seedlings growing at a rate of 2.3 and 3.4 cm, respectively. The study was able to initiate callus by cutting stems of its sub cotyledon seedlings on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg /l TDZ and 0.5 mg/l NAA.

Remembering a warm day: daytime temperature influences nighttime hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis.

Remembering a warm day: daytime temperature influences nighttime hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis.

Hysteresis in PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 and EARLY-FLOWERING 3 dynamics dominates warm daytime memory in Arabidopsis.

Despite the identification of temperature sensors and downstream components involved in promoting stem growth by warm temperatures, when and how previous temperatures affect current plant growth remain unclear. Here we show that hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis thaliana during the night responds not only to the current temperature but also to preceding daytime temperatures, revealing a short-term memory of previous conditions. Daytime temperature affected the levels of PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) and LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) in the nucleus during the next night. These factors jointly accounted for the observed growth kinetics, whereas nighttime memory of prior daytime temperature was impaired in pif4 and hy5 mutants. PIF4 promoter activity largely accounted for the temperature-dependent changes in PIF4 protein levels. Notably, the decrease in PIF4 promoter activity triggered by cooling required a stronger temperature shift than the increase caused by warming, representing a typical hysteretic effect; this hysteretic pattern required EARLY-FLOWERING 3 (ELF3). Warm temperatures promoted the formation of nuclear condensates of ELF3 in hypocotyl cells during the afternoon but not in the morning. These nuclear speckles showed poor sensitivity to subsequent cooling. We conclude that ELF3 achieves hysteresis and drives the PIF4 promoter into the same behavior, enabling a short-term memory of daytime temperature conditions.

CINCINNATA-Like TCP Transcription Factors in Cell Growth - An Expanding Portfolio.

Post-mitotic cell growth is a key process in plant growth and development. Cell expansion drives major growth during morphogenesis and is influenced by both endogenous factors and environmental stimuli. Though both isotropic and anisotropic cell growth can contribute to organ size and shape at different degrees, anisotropic cell growth is more likely to contribute to shape change. While much is known about the mechanisms that increase cellular turgor and cell-wall biomass during expansion, the genetic factors that regulate these processes are less studied. In the past quarter of a century, the role of the CINCINNATA-like TCP (CIN-TCP) transcription factors has been well documented in regulating diverse aspects of plant growth and development including flower asymmetry, plant architecture, leaf morphogenesis, and plant maturation. The molecular activity of the CIN-TCP proteins common to these biological processes has been identified as their ability to suppress cell proliferation. However, reports on their role regulating post-mitotic cell growth have been scanty, partly because of functional redundancy among them. In addition, it is difficult to tease out the effect of gene activity on cell division and expansion since these two processes are linked by compensation, a phenomenon where perturbation in proliferation is compensated by an opposite effect on cell growth to keep the final organ size relatively unaltered. Despite these technical limitations, recent genetic and growth kinematic studies have shown a distinct role of CIN-TCPs in promoting cellular growth in cotyledons and hypocotyls, the embryonic organs that grow solely by cell expansion. In this review, we highlight these recent advances in our understanding of how CIN-TCPs promote cell growth.

INFLUENCE OF RED LASER RADIATION ON THE VIGOR OF TOMATO SEEDS AFFECTED BY AGING

The loss of vigour in tomato seeds (Solanum lycopersicum L.) due to aging is a normal condition. This study provides a future reference in regard to the possible applications pre-sowing of red laser radiation treatments on tomato seeds to improve the vigour of the aged seeds. The objective of the study was to analyse the effects of laser radiation on aged tomato seeds, on the rate of germination and growth. It is hypothesized that at least one treatment of red laser radiation could improve the seed vigour. Two groups of seeds were used, one with 11 years of aging and another with seeds aged 11 years plus 24 h of artificial aging. For the radiation, a red laser diode of 660 nm was used with a potency of 100 mW, at a radiation density of 0.2 mW cm-2, eight exposure times to the laser radiation and a control. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance and the means were compared with the Tukey test (HSD; p ≤ 0.05). In seeds with 11 years of aging, the laser treatment at 120 s improved seed vigour by 125 %, resulting from an increase in the growth of the radicle (167 %, p ≤ 0.05) compared to the control (100 %). On the other hand, the laser treatment at 60 s improved the tolerance to stress from artificial aging, the vigour index increased 143 % compared to the control (100 %), as a result of an improvement in germination of 162 % and in the hypocotyl growth (130 %, p ≤ 0.05), compared to the control (100 %). Red laser radiation on tomato seeds affected by natural or artificial aging can influence the processes of photo morphogenesis and increase seed vigour.

Epigenetic regulation of thermomorphogenesis and heat stress tolerance.

Many environmental conditions fluctuate and organisms need to respond effectively. This is especially true for temperature cues that can change in minutes to seasons and often follow a diurnal rhythm. Plants cannot migrate and most cannot regulate their temperature. Therefore, a broad array of responses have evolved to deal with temperature cues from freezing to heat stress. A particular response to mildly elevated temperatures is called thermomorphogenesis, a suite of morphological adaptations that includes thermonasty, formation of thin leaves and elongation growth of petioles and hypocotyl. Thermomorphogenesis allows for optimal performance in suboptimal temperature conditions by enhancing the cooling capacity. When temperatures rise further, heat stress tolerance mechanisms can be induced that enable the plant to survive the stressful temperature, which typically comprises cellular protection mechanisms and memory thereof. Induction of thermomorphogenesis, heat stress tolerance and stress memory depend on gene expression regulation, governed by diverse epigenetic processes. In this Tansley review we update on the current knowledge of epigenetic regulation of heat stress tolerance and elevated temperature signalling and response, with a focus on thermomorphogenesis regulation and heat stress memory. In particular we highlight the emerging role of H3K4 methylation marks in diverse temperature signalling pathways.

A missense mutation in WRKY32 converts its function from a positive regulator to a repressor of photomorphogenesis.

CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) mediates various cellular and physiological processes in plants by targeting a large number of substrates for ubiquitination and degradation. In this study, we reveal that a substitution of Pro for Leu at amino acid position 409 in WRKY32 largely suppresses the short hypocotyls and expanded cotyledon phenotypes of cop1-6. WRKY32P409L promotes hypocotyl growth and inhibits the opening of cotyledons in Arabidopsis. Loss of WRKY32 function mutant seedlings display elongated hypocotyls, whereas overexpression of WRKY32 leads to shortened hypocotyls. WRKY32 directly associates with the promoter regions of HY5 to activate its transcription. COP1 interacts with and targets WRKY32 for ubiquitination and degradation in darkness. WRKY32P409L exhibits enhanced DNA binding ability and affects the expression of more genes compared with WRKY32 in Arabidopsis. Our results not only reveal the basic role for WRKY32 in promoting photomorphogenesis, but also provide insights into manipulating plant growth by engineering key components of light signaling.

Phytochrome interacting factor MdPIF7 modulates anthocyanin biosynthesis and hypocotyl growth in apple.

Light affects many physiological and developmental processes of plants by regulating the expression and activity of light-responsive proteins. Among them, phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs) play pivotal roles in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation and hypocotyl growth. However, the molecular mechanism is not well understood, especially in woody plants, such as apple (Malus × domestica). In this study, we identified a light-responsive PIF protein, MdPIF7, in apple and investigated the molecular mechanism of its regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis and hypocotyl growth. We found that overexpression of MdPIF7 decreased anthocyanin accumulation in transgenic apple materials and promoted hypocotyl elongation in ectopically expressed Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Further investigation showed that MdPIF7 functioned by interacting with B-box 23 (MdBBX23), a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple and hypocotyl growth inhibition in ectopically expressed Arabidopsis, and attenuating the transcriptional activation of MdBBX23 on LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 (MdHY5). In addition, MdPIF7 interacted with basic region leucine zipper 44 (MdbZIP44) and ethylene response factor 38 (MdERF38), two positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and it negatively regulated MdbZIP44- and MdERF38-promoted anthocyanin accumulation by interfering with the interaction between MdbZIP44/MdERF38 and MdMYB1. Taken together, our results reveal that MdPIF7 regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple and hypocotyl growth in ectopically expressed Arabidopsis through MdPIF7-MdBBX23-MdHY5 and MdPIF7-MdbZIP44/MdERF38-MdMYB1 modules. Our findings enrich the functional studies of PIF proteins and provide insights into the molecular mechanism of PIF-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis and hypocotyl growth.

Role of MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2) protein in regulation of karrikin and strigolactone signalling pathways

MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2) is an F-box protein, containing leucine-rich repeats. It is a common regulator in signalling pathways of both karrikin and strigolactone, and has several homologs such as MAX1, MAX3, and MAX4, which play a key role in the biosynthesis of strigolactone. It also interacts with various receptors and repressors of karrikin and strigolactone. Karrikins are a group of plant growth regulators found in the smoke of burning plant material and had the ability to stimulate seed germination, whereas strigolactone is a newly discovered plant hormone that regulates shoot and root branching and plays a vital role in hypocotyl growth and photomorphogenesis; strigolactone also helps in establishing the symbiosis between root and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi regarding symbiosis. MAX2 protein also acts against drought, salt, and osmotic stresses. It interacts with various phytohormones in order to regulate seed germination as well as shoot and root branching. This review discusses about the relationship of MAX2 protein with other proteins and repressors during signalling pathways of karrikin and strigolactone and their antagonistic effects on seed and plant's life.

Modelling of plant circadian clock for characterizing hypocotyl growth under different light quality conditions.

To meet the ever-increasing global food demand, the food production rate needs to be increased significantly in the near future. Speed breeding is considered as a promising agricultural technology solution to achieve the zero-hunger vision as specified in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2. In speed breeding, the photoperiod of the artificial light has been manipulated to enhance crop productivity. In particular, regulating the photoperiod of different light qualities rather than solely white light can further improve speed breading. However, identifying the optimal light quality and the associated photoperiod simultaneously remains a challenging open problem due to complex interactions between multiple photoreceptors and proteins controlling plant growth. To tackle this, we develop a first comprehensive model describing the profound effect of multiple light qualities with different photoperiods on plant growth (i.e. hypocotyl growth). The model predicts that hypocotyls elongated more under red light compared to both red and blue light. Drawing similar findings from previous related studies, we propose that this might result from the competitive binding of red and blue light receptors, primarily Phytochrome B (phyB) and Cryptochrome 1 (cry1) for the core photomorphogenic regulator, CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1). This prediction is validated through an experimental study on Arabidopsis thaliana. Our work proposes a potential molecular mechanism underlying plant growth under different light qualities and ultimately suggests an optimal breeding protocol that takes into account light quality.

PHYTOTOXIC ACTION OF Machaerium amplum BENTH. LEAVES EXTRACT

The indiscriminate use of herbicides can guide to some environmental damages. Thus, the search for alternative bioherbicides from natural sources with biodegradable properties and less toxicity to the microbiota is essential. The focus of this work is the chemistry and phytotoxic study of the hydroethanolic extract of Machaerium amplum Benth. leaves. The chemical study by FIA-ESIIT-MSn experiments allowed the detection of apigenin and luteolin C-glycoside derivatives, quinic acid, the A-type proanthocyanidin dimer and trimer, and a saponin Soyasapogenol B type. Phytotoxicity assays were performed with the extract and a group of fractions against tomato and onion seeds under the parameters of germination, hypocotyl growth, and root length. The extract showed a 70% of inhibition effect at 0.8 mg.mL-1 on tomato root length. For the onion seeds, the percentual of inhibition was 65% at 0.4 mg.mL-1 . All groups of fractions tested showed significant inhibition on tomato seedling root length at 0.8 mg.mL-1 . The flavonoids fraction showed interesting activity at 0.4 mg.mL-1 . The same fraction showed a percentage of inhibition above 50% at 0.2 mg.mL-1 on onion seedling root length. This activity may be associated with the C-flavones presence in this fraction. According to the ecotoxicity test with Artemia salina Leach, the extract presents no toxicity at the concentrations tested, and no antimicrobial activity against Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum and Aspergillus flavus, thus reinforcing the potential of the extract.

Etiolated Hypocotyls: A New System to Study the Impact of Abiotic Stress on Cell Expansion.

Abiotic stress impacts a wide range of plant developmental processes. Among them, cell expansion is particularly important given its contribution to plant growth and morphogenesis. Here, we describe a new phenotypic system to quantify accurately the impact of different sources of abiotic stress on the cell's capacity to expand. This approach monitors hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis thaliana etiolated seedlings, as in the dark this embryonic organ is known to grow solely by expanding its cells, without cell division.

UV-B Irradiation Results in Inhibition of Hypocotyl Elongation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Decreased Endoreduplication Mediated by miR5642.

UV-B as a component of natural solar radiation can induce damage and morphological development in plants. The UV-B response from germination and early development in seedlings is still largely unknown, with most studies focused on older, light-exposed seedlings. We used fluence response curves measuring hypocotyl length after UV-B exposure coupled with RNA-seq and sRNA-seq evaluation of the early seedling response in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified miR5642 as a potential novel key regulator of UV-B responses. miR5642 is a noncanonical miRNA predicted to target previously known and unknown components involved in hypocotyl growth inhibition. These include (i) SMAX1, a signal transmitter for seedling germination and growth; (ii) ZAT1, an uncharacterized transcription factor; and (iii) membrane pores and transporters (VHA-E1, VHA-E3, EPSIN-LIKE and PIP1.4) implicated in cell elongation. In addition, HY5 and HYH, two homologous and redundant transcription factors involved in seedling photomorphogenesis, may interact with these newly identified components. Interestingly, UV-B-induced DNA photodimer formation seems to be the direct trigger leading to inhibition of hypocotyl growth through a combination of cellular decisions including cell cycle arrest, reduced endoreduplication and reduced cell elongation, and this inhibition appears to be modulated by miR5642 target genes.

Allelopathy and allelochemical quantitative analysis in Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi)

Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi) considered as a perennial legume animal fed plant with good soil fertility improvement was uesed for its allelopathy that had been reported on the germination of Ageratum conyzoides L, Comnyza canadensis L. Cronq., Bidens pilosa L., Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum annum. through the solutions extracted from different parts of pinto peanut on mustard greens (Brassica juncea), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and junglerice (Echinochloa colonum). Consideration of the growth of hypocotyls and rootlets at 48 hours after incubation with pinto peanut extracts, results showed that 1.0 g/ml of the methanolic pinto peanut stem extract greatly inhibited 100% mustard greens growth, 77.7% and 93.5% the hypocotyls and rootlets growth of barnyardgrass, 57.2% and 92.7% the hypocotyls and rootlets growth of junglerice, respectively. The allelopathic activity after liquid-liquid extraction of the ethyl acetate phase greater than the aqueous phase. Allelopathic extract loading from C18 chromatographic column was purified by HPLC to obtain 6 phenolic compounds with the contents in 1 g fresh pinto peanut weight were 0.214 μg (cinamic acid), 0.8344 μg (caffeic acid), 7.7676 μg (coumaric acid), 2.2354 μg (ferullic acid), 0.045 μg (2-4 dimehydroxy benzoic) and 32.1162 μg (salicylic acid). These results should be accordingly considered in the production of biological herbicides.