Hypertonic Glucose Research Articles

Endoscopic Treatment of Bleeding Diversion Pouchitis with High-Concentration Dextrose Spray

Surgical closure of stoma with the reestablishment of gut continuity is the only curative intervention available for inflammatory bowel disease patients with diversion pouchitis, proctitis, or colitis. For patients who are not candidates for surgical reestablishment of bowel continuity, the alternative nonsurgical approaches, such as topical therapy with mesalamine, corticosteroids, or short-chain fatty acids, have only shown modest efficacy. The management of massive bleeding from diversion pouchitis has not been described. We present a patient with ulcerative colitis with severe hematochezia and diffuse mucosal bleeding in a diverted ileal pouch, which was successfully treated with endoscopic spray of hypertonic glucose.

13 The effects of bio sugar influence on toad sciatic nerve-trunk action potential

Objectives MSD is a type of bio sugar made by an MS bio sugar research institute in South Korea. The bio sugar has a glycan structure with a functional group on the monosaccharide. Our objective was to observe the effects of different concentrations of MSD on toad sciatic nerve-trunk action potential, and whether MSD can improve the inhibitory effect on toad sciatic nerve-trunk action potential of hypertonic glucose solution. Methods Toad sciatic nerve trunks were randomly divided into three groups, namely a control group, an MSD group and a hypertonic glucose group. Following soaking with different concentrations of MSD, toad sciatic nerve-trunk action potential amplitudes and conduction velocities were determined using a BL-420 biological function experimental system. Results Compared with the control group, 1% MS inhibited toad sciatic nerve-trunk action potential amplitude and conduction velocity but the effects disappeared after 10 min, while 0.5% MSD decreased action potential amplitude and increased conduction velocity. Soaking in 10% hypertonic glucose with 0.5% MSD after processing permanently inhibited toad sciatic nerve-trunk action potential. MSD can inhibit toad sciatic nerve-trunk action potential amplitude and conduction velocity. Conclusions The activity of 0.5% MSD is better than that of 1% MSD. MSD can improve the inhibitory effects of 10% hypertonic glucose solution on toad sciatic nerve-trunk action potential. Acknowledgments This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31260207).

Myths in peritoneal dialysis.

To clarify misconceptions about the feasibility and risks of peritoneal dialysis that unnecessarily limit peritoneal dialysis uptake or continuation in patients for whom peritoneal dialysis is the preferred dialysis modality. The inappropriate choice of haemodialysis as a result of these misconceptions contributes to low peritoneal dialysis penetrance, increases transfer from peritoneal dialysis to haemodialysis, increases expenditure on haemodialysis and compromises quality of life for these patients. Peritoneal dialysis is an excellent renal replacement modality that is simple, cost-effective and provides comparable clinical outcomes to conventional in-centre haemodialysis. Unfortunately, many patients are deemed unsuitable to start or continue peritoneal dialysis because of false or inaccurate beliefs about peritoneal dialysis. Here, we examine some of these 'myths' and critically review the evidence for and against each of them. We review the feasibility and risk of peritoneal dialysis in patients with prior surgery, ostomies, obesity and mesh hernia repairs. We examine the fear of mediastinitis with peritoneal dialysis after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and the belief that the use of hypertonic glucose dialysate causes peritoneal membrane failure. By clarifying common myths about peritoneal dialysis, we hope to reduce overly cautious practices surrounding this therapy.

Transcutaneous pneumatic injection of glucose solution: a morphometric evaluation of in vivo micropig skin and tissue-mimicking phantom.

Needle-free, transcutaneous pneumatic injection systems can be used to deliver therapeutic solutions to targeted layers of skin in a minimally invasive manner. To evaluate jet infiltration patterns and tissue reactions, 5% isotonic and 20% hypertonic glucose solutions were pneumatically injected into in vivo micropig skin. Gelatin TM phantom was additionally prepared to analyze penetration and dispersion patterns for different experimental settings. As immediate tissue reactions in the in vivo micropig skin, distinct pneumatic injection injury zones (PIIZs) in the dermis, extending from the papillary dermis deep into the dermo-subcutaneous junction, were generated with the 5% and 20% glucose solutions and with pneumatic pressures of 4.64 and 5.7 bars, respectively. PIIZs markedly decreased in appearance at 1 day after treatment, accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration, and disappeared at 7 days post-treatment with increased collagen and elastin production. In TM phantom study, the PIIZs created by 20% glucose mainly comprised a single, homogenous, round to oval zone, whereas those created by 5% glucose were irregular and multi-lobular. The present study suggests that transcutaneous pneumatic injection therapy may exert mechanical stimulatory effects, immediate tissue shrinkage via hypertonic solutions, and late tissue regeneration effects during wound healing.

Peritoneal dialysis: from bench to bedside and bedside to bench.

For patients with end-stage kidney disease unable to receive a kidney transplant, replacement of kidney function with dialysis is necessary to extend life. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) are the two major forms of dialysis therapy. HD involves the passage of blood via an extracorporeal circuit whereby removal of small solutes, toxins, and water is achieved across a synthetic, semipermeable dialysis membrane. In contrast, in PD, the dialysis membrane is the highly vascularized internal lining of the peritoneal cavity. Intraperitoneal installation of hypertonic high glucose PD solution creates a transmembrane osmotic and diffusive gradient that facilitates water removal [ultrafiltration (UF)], convection, and diffusion of uremic toxins. Insight into the physiology of solute and water transport across the peritoneal membrane has been enhanced by the proposal of the ''three-pore model'' of peritoneal membrane transport. Transport characteristics and UF capacity of the peritoneal membrane vary among individuals, and deleterious changes in the membrane may ensue over time. The degree to which these changes are a direct consequence of the type and composition of currently available PD solutions, recurrent infectious episodes, genetic differences among individuals, or a combination thereof is the subject of intense study. Adverse consequences resulting from the systemic and local metabolic effects of intraperitoneal glucose exposure, infection of the PD fluid, PD catheter dysfunction, and patient burnout from self-care often limit the long-term success of the therapy. Research aimed at addressing these challenges will examine the use of more biocompatible PD solutions and strategies aimed at attenuating progressive peritoneal membrane injury.

The Impact of Different Plasma Glucose Levels on Heart Rate in Experimental Rats With Acute Myocardial Infarction.

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of different plasma glucose levels on heart rate (HR) in experimental rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).MethodsOne hundred and twenty-one male Wistar rats were randomly divided into AMI group (n = 70) and sham-operation group (n = 51). Both groups had low, normal and high glucose levels, respectively. In the former group, hypertonic glucose was injected into the rats to make their blood glucose levels above 16 mmol/L and insulin below 3.3 mmol/L; then, the left anterior descending artery was ligated. In the later group, the models of different blood glucose levels were the same as the former ones, but false operations, thread without ligating, were given to the rats. Electrocardiogram and troponin I (TnI) confirmed that the models were prepared successfully. Electrocardiogram expression of AMI was the formation of Q-wave in over three adjacent leads and abnormal elevation of TnI.ResultsThe HR of the rats in the hypoglycemic group is higher than that of the hyperglycemic group and normal blood glucose group before AMI (P < 0.05). The HR of the hyperglycemic rats is higher than that of the hypoglycemic group and normal blood glucose group after AMI (P < 0.05). In the hypoglycemic group, the HR of the rats who suffered from AMI was lower than that of the rats of the sham group (P < 0.05).ConclusionHypoglycemia allows faster HR and the HR in the rats with hyperglycemia is higher than that in the rats with hypoglycemia among the AMI rats.

Evaluation of three therapeutic alternatives for the early treatment of ovine pregnancy toxaemia.

BackgroundOvine pregnancy toxaemia is a common metabolic disorder of ewes due to increased foetal energy requirements in late pregnancy. This pathology is a metabolic condition characterized by hypoglycaemia and hyperketonaemia resulting in the inability of the animal to maintain an adequate energy balance. The response to treatment is effective, if it is started in the early stages of the disease, when irreversible neurological injuries have not yet been established. The aim was to evaluate three therapeutic alternatives to effectively reverse the disease process in its early stages.For this, thirty adult Corriedale ewes, pregnant with a single lamb, were randomly separated in three groups of ten animals each, at day 130 of gestation. From that day onwards, ewes were locked up for forage fasting until glycaemia reached clinical values defining sub-clinical pregnancy toxaemia (1.59 ± 0.24 mmol/L). After fasting, ewes grazed and received a treatment for 4 days: 50 ml i.v. infusions of hypertonic glucose and 20 UI insulin/ewe/day s.c. or 100 ml/sheep/12 h of glycerol together with propylene glycol oral solution or fed with pasture supplemented with two daily intakes 300 g/sheep of cracked corn. Glycaemia and ß-hydroxybutyrate were determined in all the animals from the beginning of fasting until the completion of the treatment.ResultsFasting caused a decline in blood glucose in the 3 groups. This decline continued until fasting was withdrawn and treatment began. Thereafter blood glucose increased in all three groups, although in the group supplemented with glycerol and propylene glycol it started to increase significantly after 12 h. The values of ß-hydroxybutyrate decreased in the 3 groups at the start of treatment, and this decline was more pronounced earlier on and in the group supplemented with glycerol and propylene glycol. We found no significant differences between all experimental groups. No animal showed clinical signs of pregnancy toxaemia throughout the research.ConclusionsThe three treatments administered to sheep affected by sub-clinical pregnancy toxaemia were able to restore normal concentration of glucose and ß-hydroxybutyrate in blood, although per os administration of 100 ml/sheep/12 h of glycerol with propylene glycol, was the most successful treatment, normalizing the aforementioned biochemical parameters in a shorter time.

Clinical observation of new method for removal of corneal foreign bodies with corneal edema

Objective To observe the efficacy of annular separation and whole foreign body removal combined with hypertonic glucose eye drops in the treatment of corneal iron foreign bodies with corneal edema. Methods One hundred and eight eyes of 108 patients of corneal iron foreign bodies with corneal edema were randomly devided into observation group (54 patients, 54 eyes) and control group (54patients, 54 eyes). The patients in observation group underwent annular separation whole foreign body removal, then were given levofloxacin eye drops, recombinant human epidermal growth factor eye drops and 50% glucose eye drops. The patients in control group underwent annular separation whole foreign body removal, then were given the eye drops as observation group except for 50% glucose eye drop. Patients visited on the 2, 4, 6, 8 d after removal of corneal foreign bodies. The ocular symptoms, corneal edema and wound healing of the cornea were observed. Central corneal thickness was measured using OCT. Results On the 4th day after removal of corneal foreign bodies, the cure rate was 70.37% in the observation group and 48.15% in control group (χ2=39.19, P=0.028). On the 6th day after removal of corneal foreign bodies, the cure rate was 96.30% in the observation group and 87.04% in control group (χ2=64.36, P=0.035). The average time of corneal edema cure was (3.92±0.18) days in the observation group and (4.75±0.25) days in control group (t=5.32, P=0.023). The average time of corneal wound healing was (5.25±0.15) days in the observation group and (6.95±0.21) days in control group (t=4.59, P=0.016). Conclusion Annular separation and whole corneal foreign body removal combined with hypertonic glucose eyedrops for treatment of corneal iron foreign bodies with corneal edema is remarkably effective, it can significantly accelerate detumescence and shorten the course. Key words: Foreign body, cornea; Conrneal edema; Glucose solution, hypertonic

A novel facial rejuvenation treatment using pneumatic injection of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid and hypertonic glucose solution.

A novel facial rejuvenation treatment using pneumatic injection of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid and hypertonic glucose solution.

高張ブドウ糖液の血管外漏出により皮膚壊死を生じた 2 例と，当院における血管外漏出時の対応について

高張ブドウ糖液の血管外漏出により皮膚壊死を生じた 2 例と，当院における血管外漏出時の対応について

N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate, iso-amyl-2-cyanoacrylate and hypertonic glucose with 72% chromated glycerin in gastric varices.

To compare n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate, iso-amyl-2-cyanoacrylate and a mixture of 72% chromated glycerin with hypertonic glucose solution in management of gastric varices. Ninety patients with gastric varices presented to Endoscopy Unit of Ain Shams University Hospital were included. They were randomly allocated into three groups; each group included 30 patients treated with intravariceal sclerosant injections in biweekly sessions till complete obturation of gastric varices; Group I (n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate; Histoacryl(®)), Group II (iso-amyl-2-cyanoacrylate; Amcrylate(®)) and Group III (mixture of 72% chromated glycerin; Scleremo(®) with glucose solution 25%). All the procedures were performed electively without active bleeding. Recruited patients were followed up for 3 mo. 26% of Scleremo group had bleeding during puncture vs 3.3% in each of the other two groups with significant difference, (P < 0.05). None of Scleremo group had needle obstruction vs 13.3% in each of the other two groups with no significant difference, (P > 0.05). Rebleeding occurred in 13.3% of Histoacryl and Amcrylate groups vs 0% in Scleremo group with no significant difference. The in hospital mortality was 6.6% in both Histoacryl and Amcrylate groups, while it was 0% in Scleremo group with no significant difference. In the first and second sessions, the amount of Scleremo needed for obturation was significantly high, while the amount of Histoacryl was significantly low. Scleremo was the less costly of the two treatments. All used sclerosant substances showed efficacy and success in management of gastric varices with no significant differences except in total amount, cost and bleeding during puncture.

Polidocanol versus hypertonic glucose for sclerotherapy treatment of reticular veins of the lower limbs: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe prevalence of chronic venous disease is high and occurs more frequently in females. According to the clinical, etiological, anatomical, and pathological classification (CEAP) definition, the reticular veins are included in the C1 class and are mainly associated with aesthetic complaints. Several invasive techniques are used for treatment, including mini phlebectomy, laser ablation, and radiofrequency ablation. However, a wide range of sclerosing agents may serve as minimally invasive alternatives, promoting chemical sclerosis of the vein wall. Although this technique is routinely performed around the world, there is no consensus on the most efficacious and safe chemical agent to be used.Methods/designInclusion criteria are women between 18 and 69 years old with at least 10 cm long reticular veins in the lower limbs, on the outer side of the leg/thigh. Patients with CEAP 2 to 6, or with allergies, pregnancy, performing breastfeeding, or with any dermatologic or clinical problems will be excluded. Patients with venous ultrasound mapping showing involvement of saphenous trunks and/or a deep venous system will also be excluded. Patients will be randomized into two groups, one receiving 75% pure glucose and the other group receiving 0.2% polidocanol diluted in 70% glucose. Just one limb and one session per patient will be performed. The sclerosing agent volume will not exceed 5 mL. Clinical follow-up will include visits on days 7 and 60, always with photographic documentation.DiscussionThis project aims to enroll 96 patients and subject them to a double-blind treatment after the randomization process. The design is intended to evaluate efficacy through a primary end point and safety through a secondary end point. Forty-eight patients have currently been enrolled. Preliminary results for these patients showed that 25 received treatment, 2 were excluded, and 22 returned after 7 days and showed no greater adverse events. To date, establishing efficacy criteria has not been possible, and no patients have reached the 60-day return point. These data may help doctors choose the best chemical agent for the treatment of reticular veins.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02054325, 3/02/2014.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1745-6215-15-497) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Study of Protoscolicidal Effects of Hypertonic Glucose on Protoscolices of Hydatid Cyst at Different Concentrations and Exposure Times.

Surgical operation is the treatment of choice for hydatid cyst. To date, many protoscolicidal substances have been used for inactivation of hydatid cyst contents but most of these compounds may produce several side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protoscolicidal effects of hypertonic glucose on protoscolices of hydatid cyst at different concentrations and exposure times. Protoscolices were obtained aseptically from the livers of slaughtered sheep at Qazvin abattoir, Iran. Protoscolices were exposed to different concentrations of hypertonic glucose (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) at different times (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min). Viability of protoscolices was evaluated by 0.1% eosin and the movement of protoscolices flame cells. The highest protoscolicidal effect (100%) of hypertonic glucose was obtained at concentrations 40% and 50% following 40 and 20 min exposure times, respectively. Some protoscolicidal agents show a variety of dangerous complications such as biliary tract fibrosis and liver necrosis; however, hypertonic glucose especially at a concentration of 40% may demonstrate less side effects compared with glucose 50%. Further in vivo investigations are suggested.

Hypertonic conditions enhance cartilage formation in scaffold-free primary chondrocyte cultures.

The potential of hypertonic conditions at in vivo levels to promote cartilage extracellular matrix accumulation in scaffold-free primary chondrocyte cultures was investigated. Six million bovine primary chondrocytes were cultured in transwell inserts in low glucose (LG), high glucose (HG), or hypertonic high glucose (HHG) DMEM supplemented with fetal bovine serum, antibiotics, and ascorbate under 5 % or 20 % O2 tension with and without transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 for 6 weeks. Samples were collected for histological staining of proteoglycans (PGs) and type II collagen, analysis by quantitative reverse transcription plus the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of mRNA expression of aggrecan and procollagen α1 (II) and of Sox9 and procollagen α2 (I), and quantitation of PGs and PG separation in agarose gels. Cartilage tissues produced at 20 % O2 tension were larger than those formed at 5 % O2 tension. Compared with LG, the tissues grew to larger sizes in HG or HHG medium. Histological staining showed the strongest PG and type II collagen staining in cartilage generated in HG or HHG medium at 20 % O2 tension. Quantitative RT-PCR results indicated significantly higher expression of procollagen α1 (II) mRNA in cartilage generated in HHG medium at 20 % O2 tension compared with that in the other samples. TGF-β3 supplements in the culture medium provided no advantage for cartilage formation. Thus, HHG medium used at 20 % O2 tension is the most beneficial combination of the tested culture conditions for scaffold-free cartilage production in vitro and should improve cell culture for research into cartilage repair or tissue engineering.

Does increased glucose exposure lead to increased body fat and reduced lean body mass in anuric peritoneal dialysis patients?

Residual renal function has been reported to be a major determinant of peritoneal dialysis (PD) technique survival for patients with end-stage kidney disease. Anuria leads to increases in PD prescriptions designed to maintain small solute clearances and ultrafiltration volumes, resulting in greater exposure to hypertonic glucose dialysates. We reviewed the effect of developing anuria in a cohort of 136 PD patients followed for a median of 12 months, to determine whether increasing exposure to higher glucose dialysates affected body composition by increasing body fat and reducing muscle mass. Despite increasing prescription of 22.7 and 38.6 g/l glucose dialysates there was no increase in body fat (31.1±15.4 vs 30.9±16.3 kg) or loss of fat-free weight (36.4±12.1 vs 35.8±12.3 kg). Changing PD prescriptions to maintain small solute clearances and ultrafiltration volumes did not lead to detrimental changes in body composition in the short term.

Hyperosmolarity in the small intestine contributes to postprandial ghrelin suppression.

Plasma levels of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin are suppressed by meals with an efficacy dependent on their macronutrient composition. We hypothesized that heterogeneity in osmolarity among macronutrient classes contributes to these differences. In three studies, the impact of small intestinal hyperosmolarity was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. In study 1, isotonic, 2.5×, and 5× hypertonic solutions of several agents with diverse absorption and metabolism properties were infused duodenally at a physiological rate (3 ml/10 min). Jugular vein blood was sampled before and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 300 min after infusion. Plasma ghrelin was suppressed dose dependently and most strongly by glucose. Hyperosmolar infusions of lactulose, which transits the small intestine unabsorbed, and 3-O-methylglucose (3-O-MG), which is absorbed like glucose but remains unmetabolized, also suppressed ghrelin. Glucose, but not lactulose or 3-O-MG, infusions increased plasma insulin. In study 2, intestinal infusions of hyperosmolar NaCl suppressed ghrelin, a response that was not attenuated by coinfusion with the neural blocker lidocaine. In study 3, we reconfirmed that the low-osmolar lipid emulsion Intralipid suppresses ghrelin more weakly than isocaloric (but hypertonic) glucose. Importantly, raising Intralipid's osmolarity to that of the glucose solution by nonabsorbable lactulose supplementation enhanced ghrelin suppression to that seen after glucose. Hyperosmolar ghrelin occurred particularly during the initial 3 postinfusion hours. We conclude that small intestinal hyperosmolarity 1) is sufficient to suppress ghrelin, 2) may combine with other postprandial mechanisms to suppress ghrelin, 3) might contribute to altered ghrelin regulation after gastric bypass surgery, and 4) may inform dietary modifications for metabolic health.

Palliative care for patients with malignancy and end-stage renal failure on peritoneal dialysis.

Background:Many patients on peritoneal dialysis experience a poor quality of life because of a high burden of comorbid conditions. Dialysists must pay more attention to reducing a patient's pain and suffering, both physical and psychological and improve the quality of life for the patients as much as possible. A consensus regarding eligibility for palliative care and the delivery of these inventions does not currently exist.Objective:The present study aimed to describe the implementation of palliative care for end-stage renal failure patients on peritoneal dialysis.Design:A report on three cases.Materials and Methods:This study included three outpatients on peritoneal dialysis who received palliative care and died between January 2008 and June 2010.Measurements:The patients' comorbidities, nutritional status, and functional status were evaluated using the Charlson comorbidity score, subjective global assessment, and Karnofsky Performance Score index, respectively. The Hamilton depression and Hamilton anxiety scales were also employed. The patients' clinical manifestations and treatments were reviewed.Results:Each patient displayed 11-16 symptoms. The Charlson comorbidity scores were from 11 to 13, the subjective global assessment indicated that two patients were class assigned to “C” and one to class “B”, and the mean Karnofsky index was <40. Among these patients, all experienced depression and two experienced anxiety, Low doses of hypertonic glucose solutions, skin care, psychological services, and tranquillizers were intermittently used to alleviate symptoms, after making the decision to terminate dialysis. The patients died 5 days to 2 months after dialysis withdrawal.Conclusion:The considerable burden associated with comorbid conditions, malnutrition, poor functional status, and serious psychological problems are predictors of poor patient prognoses. Withdrawal of dialysis, palliative care, and psychological interventions can reduce patient distress and improve the quality of life before death, with the care provided.

Use of hypertonic glucose in the surgery of uncontrolled acute angle-closure combined with cataract

We describe the use of hypertonic glucose to lessen the corneal edema resulting from persistent high intraocular pressure (IOP) in acute primary angle-closure (APAC) patients’ cataract surgery. Some patients are unresponsive to the antiglaucoma drugs, and the persistent high IOP make the corneal edema severe, which make it impossible to perform laser iridotomy or phacoemulsification directly. We perform a temporal incision on the transparent cornea and use the gossypium asepticum with 50 % hypertonic glucose over the cornea for 5 min in the surgery; the corneal edema alleviates as a result, and the cornea is clear enough to perform the surgery. The technique has been used in five cases and made the surgeries implement easier.

A Case of Isoniazid-Induced Delirium

A Case of Isoniazid-Induced Delirium

Effect of maternal gestational diabetes on rat's offspring

Background & Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a state of glucose intolerance that is diagnosed during pregnancy. Maternal GDM increases the risk of some complications in children, which includes macrosomia and the risk of cardiovascular and renal disorders. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the outcomes of gestational diabetes on progenies in an experimental rat model. Materials & Methods: Female pregnant rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: intact control, sham, diabetics treated with streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg), and gestational diabetics treated with hypertonic glucose (2g/kg) and medroxyprogesterone (3mg/kg) (GM). On postnatal day 1, the weights of several organs such as, kidney and heart, as well as body weight of progenies were measured. Furtheremore, some histological studies were performed on the heart and kidney tissues, and several parameters such as total heart volume, cardiac ventricle volume, wall thickness of aorta, renal cortical volume and total number of glomeruli in each kidney were determined. Results: The average body weight of progenies in STZ group was significantly higher than control (P<0.001), sham (P<0.05) and GM (P<0.001) groups. The body weight of progenies in GM group was lower than sham group (P<0.01). A significant decrease was observed in the kidney weight of progenies in GM group in comparison to sham (P<0.05). Histological analysis on the tissues showed no significant difference between groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the hyperglycemic pregnant rat model is a reliable model for gestational diabetes in human. In addition, induction of STZ diabetes or hyperglycemia in pregnant rats lead to some changes in body or organ weights of progenies, however, it does not induce structural changes in various tissues