Hypertensive Pregnant Women Research Articles

White-coat hypertension in pregnant women

Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy remain a global medical and social problem, complicating 2–8% of pregnancies and associated with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The traditional measurement of blood pressure in clinical practice is the most commonly used procedure for the diagnosis and control of the treatment of hypertension, but it is subject to significant inaccuracies caused, on the one hand, by the inherent variability of blood pressure itself (BP), and on the other hand, by errors arising from measurement methods and conditions. A high BP detected in the clinic should be confirmed by out-of-office BP measurement, 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, or home BP monitoring, which distinguishes chronic hypertension from white coat hypertension, in which blood pressure is elevated in the clinic, but remains normal at home, which is important to prevent excessive treatment and diagnosis of masked hypertension. White-coat hypertension is not a benign condition in which higher risks of developing preeclampsia, premature birth and small-for-gestational-age infants have been shown. In this regard, it is extremely important for clinicians to be aware of the risk factors and outcomes associated with white coat hypertension. Pregnant women should be medically monitored both during pregnancy and after delivery to detect target organ damage, cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome.

EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION IN PREGNANT WOMAN WITH HYPERTENSION AT SENTANI COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER

Low calcium intake causes an increase in high blood pressure by stimulating the release of parathyroid hormone and renin, which causes an increase in intracellular calcium concentration in the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels and results in vasoconstriction. This study aims to determine the effect of giving calcium and vitamin D supplements to pregnant hypertension women on the anthropometric outcomes of newborns. The research design was quasi-experimental with two groups of post-test-only design. A respondent of 30 hypertension pregnant women at 28-32 weeks of gestation was selected by purposive sampling—data analysis using Mann Whitney. Calcium supplements (2 x 500 mg/day) and vitamin D3 (400 IU/day) were administered and monitored for eight weeks to 15 pregnant women as the intervention group and 15 pregnant women as the control group who were assumed to receive calcium supplements from the Health Service Program. Data on blood pressure and calcium levels were taken before and after eight weeks of intervention. The results showed that there was a significant difference in mean blood pressure between the control and intervention groups, with a p-value of systolic blood pressure (0.002) and a p-value of diastolic blood pressure (0.014), and the average decrease in blood pressure was more significant in the intervention group. There were differences in anthropometric results between the intervention group and the control group, with p-value s ​​for body weight (0.000), body length (0.000), and head circumference (0.000). The intervention group's average weight, length, and head girth were higher than the control group's. Thus, for eight weeks, calcium and vitamin D supplementation in hypertensive pregnant women can reduce blood pressure and result in better baby weight, body length, and head circumference. Keywords: Anthropometry, Calcium, Hypertension, Vitamin D

Optimization of pharmacotherapy of gestational hypertension

Annotation. Hypertension in pregnant women disimprove the placental function, impairs fetal development and has an adverse effect on the condition of a woman. Usually dopegyt is used to treat gestational hypertension. However, it reduces the microcirculation of blood in the placenta, causing or increasing pre-existing placental dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of the research is to optimize the method of gestational hypertension pharmacotherapy in pregnant women with a set of infusion drugs including pentoxifylline, arginine hydrochloride with levocarnitine and reosorbilact to prevent fetoplacental dysfunction and perinatal pathology in this case. We examined 73 pregnant women, among whom we distinguished 3 groups: first group (n = 30) - pregnant women with GH, who, along with the basic therapy with dopegyt received a complex of infusion solutions (pentoxifylline, a solution containing arginine hydrochloride and levocarnitine, drug reosorbilact); second group (n=20) - patients with gestational hypertension who received only basic therapy with dopegyt; control group (n=23) - women with physiological pregnancy. Studies of the clinical effectiveness of the proposed treatment were evaluated by cases of prevention of perinatal pathology (intrauterine growth restriction of the fetus (IUGR), premature birth, etc.) and the results of clinical, laboratory and instrumental research methods. Criteria for inclusion in the study were: the presence of blood pressure ≥150/100 mm Hg, dopegyt, gestational age from 28 to 36 weeks, singleton pregnancy. Examination of pregnant women was performed using standard clinical, laboratory and instrumental (Doppler ultrasounds) research methods. The analysis of the obtained data was performed using the program “STATISTICA 5.5”. Established that in patients who received our treatment regimen, there was a significant reduction in the development of placental dysfunction (OR 0.30, 95 % CI [0.12-0.74], p=0.009), fetal IUGR (OR 0.33, 95 % CI [0.12-0.96], p=0.042), acute fetal distress (OR 0.25, 95 % CI [0.075-0.83], p=0.02), weakness of childbirth (OR 0,19, 95 % CI [0.04-0.82], p=0.03), reducing the risk of perinatal CNS damage (OR 0.22, 95 % CI [0.05-0.99], p=0.049 ) and reducing the risk of cephalohematoma (OR 0.25, 95 % CI [0.075-0.83], p=0.024).

Assessment of brain natriuretic peptide and copeptin as correlates of blood pressure in chronic hypertensive pregnant women

BackgroundHypertensive disorders of pregnancy including preexisting (or chronic) hypertension are the most common complication encountered during pregnancy that contribute significantly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and copeptin have been investigated as biomarkers in various hypertensive disorders, but studies of their clinical value in chronic hypertensive pregnant women are sparce. This study aimed to assess the levels of BNP and copeptin in chronic hypertensive pregnant women and investigate their correlation with blood pressure (BP) in chronic hypertensive pregnant women in South Western Nigeria.MethodsOne hundred and sixty consenting pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy, grouped into those with chronic hypertension (n = 80) and normotensive (n = 80), were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Age and clinical characteristics were obtained, and blood was aseptically drawn for BNP and copeptin measurement using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data was analyzed with IBM SPSS ver. 20.0. Data was analyzed using Student t-test, chi-square, and Pearson correlation test as appropriate. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsThe mean systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were significantly higher in pregnant women with chronic hypertension (158.30 ± 3.51 and 105.08 ± 2.47 mmHg, respectively) compared with normotensive pregnant women (100.72 ± 3.02 and 70.29 ± 1.96 mmHg, respectively). The mean levels of BNP and copeptin were higher in pregnant women with chronic hypertension (57.26 ± 3.65 pg/mL and 12.44 ± 1.02 pmol/L, respectively) compared with normotensive pregnant women (49.85 ± 2.44 pg/mL and 10.25 ± 1.50 pmol/L, respectively) though not statistically significant. Correlations observed between SBP and DBP with levels of BNP (r = 0.204, P = 0.200; r = 0.142, P = 0.478) and copeptin (r = − 0.058, P = 0.288; r = 0.045, P = 0.907) were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThere was no association between BP and the levels of BNP and copeptin in pregnant women with chronic hypertension who were already on antihypertensive treatment, with the implication that antihypertensive treatment may modulate BNP and copeptin release despite significantly elevated BP levels.

Early Detection of Hypertension Symptoms in Pregnancy

Hypertension in pregnant women occurs in about 10% of pregnancies worldwide and is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in mothers and their babies. The incidence of hypertension during pregnancy can be triggered by stress experienced by the mother, stress is a condition or condition of the body that is disturbed due to psychological pressure or psychological disease, the age of pregnant women if less than 20 years or more than 35 years can also increase the risk of hypertension. Various kinds of risk factors that cause preeclampsia, one of which is a history of hypertension and nutritional status of pregnant women, pregnant women with a history of hypertension will have a greater risk of experiencing preeclampsia. The counseling method was in the form of direct presentation of lecture material and measurement of blood pressure in pregnant women, amounting to 27 people . Submission of material on early detection of symptoms of hypertension in pregnant women with the effectiveness of the counseling pregnant women can gain knowledge about early detection of symptoms of hypertension in pregnant women.

Physicians’ knowledge and preferences in tactics of management and rational pharmacotherapy of arterial hypertension in pregnant women (PHYGEST study)

Introduction: The issues of rational antihypertensive therapy in pregnant women are always extremely relevant, since high blood pressure in a pregnant woman is associated with serious risks for a mother and a fetus.&#x0D; The aim of the study: To determine the knowledge and preferences of physicians in the management of pregnant women with arterial hypertension.&#x0D; Materials and methods: A multicenter study was conducted in 2018–2021 using an anonymous questionnaire among 411 doctors from 8 regions of Russia.&#x0D; Results and discussion: The levels of knowledge and preferences of specialists in the issues of diagnosing and formulating a diagnosis of arterial hypertension and preeclampsia in pregnant women, prescribing basic and additional drugs for the treatment and prevention of hypertension were revealed, and the degree of compliance with the current clinical guidelines was assessed.&#x0D; Conclusion: Due to the insufficient level of knowledge of specialists, it is required to pay increased and special attention to this problem, strengthen control over compliance with clinical guidelines, and introduce it into postgraduate recommendations and continuing education programs.

Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women at Sibuhuan Hospital, Barumun District, Regency The Old Field in 2022

Preeclampsia is still the biggest cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of the basic theories that is most responsible for the occurrence of this syndrome is endothelial dysfunction in placentation defects. (Keman, 2014). Maternal mortality in Indonesia is still dominated by the three main causes of death, namely bleeding, preeclampsia and infection. Preeclampsia affects 3-5% of pregnancies and is responsible for more than 60,000 maternal deaths and 500,000 fetal deaths per year worldwide. The purpose of this research is to find outFactors Affecting the occurrence of Pre-eclampsia in pregnant women in hospitals. Sibuhuan Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency in 2022. The type of research conducted is analytic observational with a case control approach, the population in the study is 733 people and the number of samples is 27 people using the techniquepurposive sampling. The data collected in this study is secondary data, namely data obtained from medical records. The data analysis used was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The research results areFactors that do not influence the occurrence of pre-eclampsia are age, parity, spacing of pregnancies, history of diabetes mellitus, and factors that influence the occurrence of pre-eclampsia are factors of history of hypertension in pregnant women in hospitals. Sibuhuan, Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency in 2022. It is hoped that all health workers inHOSPITAL. Sibuhuanexpected to be more active in providing counseling related tofactors that influence the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women

Low Platelet Count (Thrombocytopenia) in Females Diagnosed with Hypertensive Disorder after 20 Weeks of Gestation

Background: Platelets are produced in the bone marrow and remain in blood for about 2 weeks before they are destroyed in the reticuloendothelial system. The range of normal platelets count 150 &amp; 450 × 103/μl that is also the same and is mostly recorded throughout the normal pregnancy. A platelet counts of less than 150 x103/μl is considered to be thrombocytopenia. It’s commonly diagnosed &amp; has attracted interest from the1researchers in pregnant females during the last 20.0 years, especially in pregnant hypertensive women. Objective: To find frequency of low platelet count (thrombocytopenia)1in females diagnosed with hypertensive disorder after 20 weeks of gestation. Methodology Study Design: Cross sectional study Setting: Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Shalimar hospital, Lahore. Material and Methods: All information was noted on attached proforma after getting written informed consent. From OPD of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Shalimar Hospital Lahore, a total of 282 females fulfilling selection criteria were taken. After enrolling the cases a detailed clinical assessment was done and their demographic and gestational information were taken along with parity. Pregnancy induced hypertension was further classified as Gestational HTN, Mild preeclampsia, Eclampsia and Severe preeclampsia. Blood sample with the help of staff nurse was drawn and was sent to hospital laboratory. Values of platelet count were noted after taking reports from hospital laboratory. Moreover using operational definition thrombocytopenia was labeled. Result: The mean age of cases was 30.68 ± 5.78 years with minimum and maximum age as 17 and 40 years. The mean gestational age was 31.74 ± 5.40 weeks with minimum and maximum gestational age was 22 and 40 weeks. A total of 235(83.33%) cases had thrombocytopenia and 47(16.67%) cases had normal platelet count. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study the frequency of low plate count (thrombocytopenia) in females diagnosed with hypertensive disorder after 20 weeks of gestation was 83.33%. The statistics is very high and there must be some preventive strategies to reduce the risk of hypertensive disorder, and if it once diagnosed the further therapeutic strategies should be adopted to reduce related complications such as thrombocytopenia. Keywords: Pregnancy, Thrombocytopenia, Gestational hypertension, Thrombocytopenia.

Role of aspirin in the prevention of preeclampsia in previously hypertensive pregnant women: A Meta-Analysis.

To determine the role of low-dose aspirin in preventing preeclampsia for previously hypertensive pregnant women. The meta-analysis was conducted from February to May 2021 and comprised search on PubMed and Cochrane Library databases for randomised controlled trials consisting of previously hypertensive women aged 18-55 years, aspirin dosage range 60-100mg, and a comparison between aspirin and placebo groups. Duration of intervention till the end of gestation, the dosage of aspirin given, risk ratios or odds ratio with the confidence intervals, and preeclampsia were the main variables recorded. Data was analysed using RevMan 5.4. Of the 144 articles found, 4(%) were included, having 2238 participants. Pooled estimates revealed that aspirin, compared to placebo, did not significantly reduce the manifestation of preeclampsia (p=0.06). Besides, heterogeneity between the different trials was moderate at 59%. Aspirin was not found to substantially diminish the risk of incidence of preeclampsia, but it did show some beneficial effects. .

Hypertension arising after 20 weeks of gestation: gestational hypertension or masked chronic hypertension?

The objectives of this study were 1-to evaluate the prevalence of masked chronic hypertension in pregnant women classified as gestational hypertension 2-to compare the risks of developing preeclampsia in true gestational hypertension vs those women classified as having gestational hypertension but who had had masked hypertension in the first half of pregnancy. We conducted a cohort study in consecutive high-risk pregnancies who were evaluated before 20 weeks of gestation. Women who developed gestational hypertension (normotension in the office before 20 weeks of gestation and office BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg and/or antihypertensive treatment in the second half of gestation) were divided, according to an ABPM performed before 20 weeks of pregnancy, in two subgroups: subgroup 1-if their ABPM was normal, and subgroup 2-if they had masked chronic hypertension. Risks for preeclampsia (PE) were estimated and compared with normotensive women. Before 20 weeks of gestation, 227 women were evaluated (age 32 ± 6 years, median gestation age 15 weeks); 67 had chronic hypertension (29.5%). Of the remaining 160, 39 developed gestational hypertension (16 in subgroup 1 and 23 insubgroup 2. Compared with normotensive pregnant women, subgroup 1 of women with gestational hypertension did not increase the risk of developing PE (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.16-6.65). Conversely, subgroup 2 of gestational hypertension increased the risk of PE more than 4 times (0R = 4.47 CI = 1.16-12.63). Risk estimation did not change substantially after the adjustment for multiple possible confounders. In conclusion, the59% of women initially diagnosed as gestational hypertensive according to current recommendations had masked chronic hypertension and a very high risk of developing PE.

Factors Associated with Hypertension in Pregnant Women at Sukarejo Village, Tanjung Jabung Barat District

Hypertension in pregnant women is a factor in the occurrence of illness and death in the mothers or fetus. The causes of hypertension during pregnancy are influenced by various factors including maternal age, family history of hypertension, obesity, physical activity and parity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with hypertension in pregnant women at Sukarejo Public Health Center, Tanjung Jabung Barat District. The design of the research was Cross Sectional. The population was all pregnant women in Sukarejo Village, Tanjab Barat Regency with a sample of 71 pregnant women (total sampling). The independent variables are maternal age, maternal occupation, parity, family history of hypertension, food consumption patterns and physical activity. Data collection was carried out by interview using questionnaires and measurements. The data obtained were analyzed by univariate and bivariate analysis using the Chi Square test. The proportion of hypertension in pregnant women is 54.9%. The proportion of mothers who had a family history of hypertension among pregnant women with hypertension was 86.2%, the proportion of poor food consumption patterns among pregnant women with hypertension was 69.7% and the proportion of active mothers in pregnant women with hypertension was 87.5%. Statistical analysis showed a relationship between family history of hypertension (p = 0.000, PR = 2.58), diet (p = 0.036, PR = 1.65) and physical activity (p = 0.000, PR = 0.43) with hypertension in pregnant women. The dominant cause of hypertension in pregnant women is a family history of hypertension. Pregnant women need to always check blood pressure and pregnancy checks so that they can detect early signs of hypertension.

Evaluation of serum lipid profiles, uric acid, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels between pregnancy-induced hypertension and normotensive pregnant women attending Ambo University Referral Hospital, Ambo, Ethiopia, 2020: A case-control study.

Background and AimsPregnancy‐induced hypertension is one of the top three ranked diseases during pregnancy that cause maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. To provide adequate information to clinicians and researchers who are striving for potential interventions, biochemical profiling of such patients is required.MethodsA hospital‐based case‐control study design was conducted from August 2020 to May 2021 to evaluate serum lipid profile, uric acid, and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) among women with pregnancy‐induced hypertension compared to normotensive pregnant women. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Independent t‐test and χ 2 were used to compare the relationship of variables between the two groups. A p‐value less than 0.05 was used to test statistical significance.ResultsThe result of this study showed that while the levels (mean ± SD) of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), TC/high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), TG/HDL‐C, LDL‐C/HDL‐C were significantly elevated, HDL‐C was decreased among women with pregnancy‐induced hypertension than normotensive pregnant women (p < 0.0001). The levels (mean ± SD) of uric acid and hs‐CRP were significantly higher among women with pregnancy‐induced hypertension compared to normotensive pregnant women (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThis study indicated that pregnancy‐induced hypertension women have lipid abnormalities, increased systemic inflammatory markers, and hyperuricemia compared to normotensive pregnant women. Thus, women with PIH showing high dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and inflammation are likely to develop hypertension. Therefore, evaluation of these potential biomarkers during early antenatal care services may help seek interventions in PIH.

Comparison of gross morphological and histological features of placenta between hypertensive and normotensive pregnant women attending Muhimbili National Hospital.

Background: Placenta is the vital fetomaternal organ that is responsible for the maintenance of the pregnancy and promotion of fetal growth and development. The optimal survival, growth, and development of the fetus correspond to the appropriate formation and development of the placenta. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy exert a great impact on the placenta and reflect changes both morphological and histological.&#x0D; Objective: To compare the morphological and histological features of the placenta between hypertensive pregnant mothers and non-hypertensive pregnant mothers who attended Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH).&#x0D; Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2020 to August 2020 at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). A total of 80 placentas were studied morphologically and histologically, of which 40 placentas were from hypertensive pregnant mothers and 40 placentas were from normotensive pregnant mothers. In the morphological aspect shape, weight, the site of insertion of the umbilical cord, the number of cotyledons of each placenta and thickness of the placenta were noted. In the histological part, Neutral buffered formalin (NBF) was used the routine staining technique which was Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E) and a light microscope was used. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20 computer software and the results were summarized in means and proportions. ‘T-test’ and chi-square’ tests were used and the difference was statistically significant when the p-value&gt;0.05&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: The irregular shape of the placenta and marginal insertion of the umbilical cord were more in the hypertensive group and were statistically significant (p&gt;0.01). The mean placenta weight, mean placenta thickness and mean numbers of cotyledons were significantly less in a hypertensive group compared to the normotensive group (p&lt;0.01). A microscopic study of the placenta revealed the presence of fibrinoid necrosis, syntial knots, calcifications and villous hypoplasia in both normotensive and hypertensive group however these findings were significantly higher in the hypertensive group (p&gt;0.01).&#x0D; Conclusion: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) exert a profound impact on the placenta. Morphologically altering its dimensions and histologically fibrinoid necrosis, calcifications, syntial knots, and villous hypoplasia were significantly more in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive (p&gt;0.01).

Comparative efficacy and safety of oral nifedipine with other antihypertensive medications in the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the most frequently occurring medical condition during pregnancy, resulting in fetal and/or maternal morbidity and mortality. This meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of nifedipine with other antihypertensive medications used in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. A comprehensive search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar. The meta-analysis was carried out using Review Manager Software, and the pooled effect estimate was generated as standardized mean difference and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and two-sided P -value. The meta-analysis was comprised of 22 randomized control trials with 2595 participants. It was found that meantime and number of doses required to achieve target blood pressure were lower in the nifedipine group ( P < 0.05). Even though it is statistically insignificant, fetal APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration) scores less than seven favors nifedipine intervention. Furthermore, none of the fetal or maternal secondary outcomes were found significant. Nifedipine was found to be more effective than other antihypertensive medications to reduce blood pressure, particularly in patients with severe hypertension. However, future clinical studies, including real-world data are necessary to establish the safety profile of nifedipine concerning the fetal outcomes in hypertensive pregnant women.

Soluble concentrations of the terminal complement complex C5b-9 correlate with end-organ injury in preeclampsia.

We sought to determine if soluble levels of C5b-9, the terminal complement complex, correlate with end-organ injury in preeclampsia. Project COPA (Complement and Preeclampsia in the Americas), a multi-center observational study in Colombia from 2015 to 2016, enrolled hypertensive pregnant women into four groups: chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and preeclampsia with severe features. Trained coordinators collected clinical data, blood and urine. End-organ injury was defined by serum creatinine≥1.0mg/dl, aspartate transaminase≥70U/L, platelet count<150,000/µl, or lactate dehydrogenase≥500 U/L. Data were analyzed by χ2 or Fisher's exact test with significance at P<0.05. C5b-9 concentrations in plasma and urine, using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. In total, 298 hypertensive participants were enrolled. Plasma and urine C5b-9 levels were measured in all participants and stratified by quartile (Q1-4), from lowest to highest C5b-9 concentration. Participants with low plasma C5b-9 levels (Q1) were more likely to have end-organ injury compared to those with higher levels (Q2-Q4) [platelet count<150,000/μl (20.8% vs. 8.4%, P=0.01); elevated serum creatinine≥1.0mg/dl (14.9% vs. 4.5%, P=0.009)]. In contrast, participants with high urinary C5b-9 levels (Q4) were more likely to have end-organ injury compared to those with lower levels (Q1-Q3) [platelet count<150,000/μl (19.7% vs. 7.4%, P=0.003); elevated serum creatinine≥1.0mg/dl (12.3% vs. 4.4%, P=0.025)]. We identified a pattern of increased urine and low plasma C5b-9 levels in patients with preeclampsia and end-organ injury. Soluble C5b-9 levels may be used to identify complement-mediated end-organ injury in preeclampsia.

Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Ibu Hamil di Rumah Sakit Labuang Baji Makassar

Hypertension is a state of a person's blood pressure that is higher than normal. Hypertension is defined as an increase in systolic pressure of at least 30 mmHg, or diastolic pressure of at least 5 mmHg, or systolic pressure to approximately 140 mmHg, or diastolic to the lowest of 90 mmHg. In developed countries, hypertension of pregnant women is the cause of maternal death, but deaths from hypertension are 150/100,000 births. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal age, gestational age, antenatal care, parity with the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women at the Labuang Baji Regional General Hospital, Makassar City in 2010. This type of research is Analytical with a Cross Sectional Study Approach. Sampling of 47 pregnant women. The data collection method uses interview methods and questionnaires as research instruments. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a relationship between maternal age and the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women with a value of x² count (16.027) &gt; x² table (3.841), there was a relationship of gestational age with the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women with a value of x² count (11.153) &gt; x² table (3.841), there was a relationship of Antenatal Care with the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women with a value of x² count (11.153) &gt; x² table (3.841), there was an association of parity with the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women with a value of x² count (10.447) &gt; x² table (3.841). The results of this study are suggested so that mothers can manage their pregnancy, namely in productive age, utilizing antenatal services and having parity in accordance with healthy reproduction.

Indoor air quality and the risk of hypertension.

Indoor air quality and the risk of hypertension.

Self-monitoring of blood pressure in pregnancy: A mixed methods evaluation of a national roll-out in the context of a pandemic.

ObjectiveTo evaluate how English maternity units implemented self-monitoring of blood pressure (SMBP) in pregnancy in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignMixed methods including surveys, anonymised patient data and in-depth interviews with women.SettingMaternity units across England.Participants45 maternity units completed a survey about the implementation of SMBP (supported by the provision of guidance and blood pressure monitors) during the pandemic, 166 women completed a survey about their experiences of SMBP, and 23 women took part in in-depth interviews. Clinical data from 627 women undertaking SMBP were available from 13 maternity units.ResultsSMBP was predominantly used to provide additional BP monitoring for hypertensive or high-risk pregnant women. Overall maternity units and women were positive about its use in terms of reducing the need for additional face-to-face contacts and giving women more control and insight into their own BP. However, there were challenges in setting up SMBP services rapidly and embedding them within existing care pathways, particularly around interpreting readings and managing the provision of monitors.ConclusionsA considerable proportion of maternity units in England commenced a SMBP service for hypertensive or high-risk women from March 2020. There is a need for further research into appropriate care pathways, including guidance around white coat or masked hypertension and the use of SMBP postnatally.

Effects of Gravidity on Atherogenic Indices in Normotensive and Hypertensive Second Trimester Pregnant Women

Background: Pregnancy results in certain physiological and metabolic changes that results to shift in certain biochemical markers and could even result in hypertension in some women thus predisposing them to risk of cardiovascular disease. While this is true, some women express these predisposing risk factors in subsequent pregnancies. Therefore, it may be a significant contribution to understand the dynamics of artherogenic indices with increasing number of pregnancies.&#x0D; Aim: The goal of the study was aimed to assess gravidity effect on artherogenic indices in both normotensive and hypertensive second-trimester pregnant women.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: At Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, a cross-sectional study was carried out with 100 pregnant women. The consenting patients who met the inclusion criteria were classified into two groups: normotensive (50 normotensive pregnant women in their second trimester) and hypertensive (50 hypertensive pregnant women in their second trimester) (HPW2T). The participants were subsequently split into three subgroups depending on gravidity: primigravida (no of pregnancy=1), multigravida (no of pregnancies&gt;1), and grand multigravida (no of pregnancies≥5). For the assessment of TC, TG, HDL, and LDL, fasting blood samples were taken using the venepuncture technique. Mathematically, artheriogenic indices (AIP, CR-I, CR-II, AC, and APoB/APoA1) were calculated. At a P-value&gt;0.05, the data was examined using ANOVA and the Tukey comparison test.&#x0D; Results: There was no significant difference in artheriogenic indices between the gravidity groups in the normotensive group, with a P-value&gt;0.05, which was also the cases among those in the hypertensive group.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study has shown that gravidity does not have any effect on artheriogenic indices among normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women in the second trimester in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital.

The Augmentation Index and Pulse-Wave Velocity in Hypertensive Pregnant Women

The Augmentation Index and Pulse-Wave Velocity in Hypertensive Pregnant Women