Hypertension In Residents Research Articles

Neighborhood Fast-Food Environments and Hypertension in Canadian Adults

Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death worldwide. Neighbourhoods characterized by a high proportion of fast-food outlets may also contribute to hypertension in residents; however, limited research has explored these associations. This cross-sectional study assessed associations between neighbourhood fast-food environments, measured hypertension, and self-reported hypertension. Data from 10,700 adults living in urban areas was obtained from six Canadian Health Measures Survey cycles (2007-2019). Each participant's blood pressure was measured at a mobile clinic six times. Measured hypertension was defined as having an average SBP of ≥140, a DBP ≥90 mm Hg or being on blood pressure-lowering medication. Participants were also asked if they had been diagnosed with high blood pressure or if they take blood pressure-lowering medication (i.e., self-reported hypertension). The proportion of fast-food outlets relative to the sum of fast-food outlets and full-service restaurants in each participant's neighbourhood was obtained from the Canadian Food Environment Dataset, and analyses were conducted in 2022. The mean proportion of fast-food outlets was 23.3% (standard deviation (SD): 26.8%). A one SD increase in the proportion of fast-food outlets was associated with higher odds of measured hypertension in the full sample (OR=1.17, 95% CI 1.05, 1.31) and in sex-specific models (women: OR=1.14, 95% CI 1.01, 1.29; men: OR=1.21, 95% CI 1.03, 1.43). Associations between the proportion of fast-food outlets and self-reported hypertension were inconclusive. Findings suggest that reducing the proportion of fast-food restaurants in neighbourhoods may be a factor that could help reduce hypertension rates.

Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris schard) and Melon (Cucumis melo) Effective Reduce Blood Pressure in Prehypertension Patients

Cases of hypertension based on the number of cases of hypertension patients in Indonesia nationally experienced an increase in hypertension in residents aged 18 years above who experienced hypertension from 25.8% in 2013 to 2018, as many as 34.1% based on doctors' diagnoses and people taking antihypertensive drugs as many as 8.8%. Efforts that can be made to treat high blood pressure can use watermelons and melons. To determine the effect of watermelons and melons on blood pressure in people with prehypertension in Giyanten Hamlet, Temanggung Regency. The research design uses an experimental design with a pretest and post-test control group design; the sampling technique uses simple random sampling. Population aged 25-50 years, the study sample was 30 in the intervention group and 30 in the control group; data analysis used paired t-test and independent t-test. The average pretest systolic blood pressure in the intervention group given watermelon and melon fruit was 126.90 mmHg and 82.70 mmHg diastolic. After being given treatment, systolic 118.30 mmHg and diastolic 79.73 mmHg with a p-value of 0.000. In the control group, the systolic pretest blood pressure was 119.17 mmHg and 82.10 mmHg diastolic, while the post-test blood pressure in the control group was 122.93 mmHg systolic and 83.37 mmHg diastolic with a p-value of 0.000. There is an effect of the consumption of watermelons and melons on systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Patients given watermelon and melon consumption experienced an average decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, while in the control group, blood pressure increased.

Evaluating the risk of hypertension in residents in primary care in Shanghai, China with machine learning algorithms.

ObjectiveThe prevention of hypertension in primary care requires an effective and suitable hypertension risk assessment model. The aim of this study was to develop and compare the performances of three machine learning algorithms in predicting the risk of hypertension for residents in primary care in Shanghai, China.MethodsA dataset of 40,261 subjects over the age of 35 years was extracted from Electronic Healthcare Records of 47 community health centers from 2017 to 2019 in the Pudong district of Shanghai. Embedded methods were applied for feature selection. Machine learning algorithms, XGBoost, random forest, and logistic regression analyses were adopted in the process of model construction. The performance of models was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy and F1-score.ResultsThe XGBoost model outperformed the other two models and achieved an AUC of 0.765 in the testing set. Twenty features were selected to construct the model, including age, diabetes status, urinary protein level, BMI, elderly health self-assessment, creatinine level, systolic blood pressure measured on the upper right arm, waist circumference, smoking status, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, frequency of drinking, glucose level, urea nitrogen level, total cholesterol level, diastolic blood pressure measured on the upper right arm, exercise frequency, time spent engaged in exercise, high salt consumption, and triglyceride level.ConclusionsXGBoost outperformed random forest and logistic regression in predicting the risk of hypertension in primary care. The integration of this risk assessment model into primary care facilities may improve the prevention and management of hypertension in residents.

Associations between neighbourhood fast-food environments and hypertension in Canadian adults.

ObjectivesHypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Neighbourhoods characterized by a high proportion of fast-food outlets may contribute to hypertension in residents; however, limited research has explored these associations. The objectives of this study were to assess associations between neighbourhood fast-food environments, measured and self-reported hypertension.
 ApproachWe used data from 10,700 adults who participated in six cycles of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). Measured hypertension was defined as having an average systolic blood pressure (BP) of ≥140, a diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg or being on BP lowering medication. Participants were also asked if they had been diagnosed with high BP or if they take BP lowering medication (i.e., self-reported hypertension). We characterized the fast-food environment of each participant’s neighbourhood using the Canadian Food Environment Dataset (Can-FED). We considered the proportion of fast-food outlets relative to fast-food outlets and full-service restaurants as a continuous variable.
 ResultsThe mean proportion of fast-food outlets was 23.3% (SD 26.8%). A one standard deviation (SD) increase in the proportion to fast-food outlets was associated with higher odds of measured hypertension in the full sample (OR=1.17, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.31) and in sex-specific models (women: OR=1.14, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.29; and men: OR=1.21, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.43). A one standard deviation (SD) increase in the proportion to fast-food outlets was associated with higher odds of self-reported hypertension in the full sample (OR=1.13, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.24); however, associations were inconclusive in sex-specific models (women: OR=1.11, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.26; and men: OR=1.14, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.33).
 ConclusionBy linking neighbourhood food environment measures that were created from an administrative data source (the Statistics Canada Business Register) to individual-level data from the CHMS, we were able to demonstrate that reducing the proportion of fast-food outlets in neighbourhoods may reduce rates of hypertension and support individually targeted interventions.

Gaps in Hypertension Management in a Middle-Income Community of Quito-Ecuador: A Population-Based Study.

Optimal hypertension care and control at population level significantly reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The study objective was to measure the gaps in the diagnosis, care, and control of hypertension in residents of an urban community in Quito, Ecuador. A cross-sectional population-based study with a sample of 2160 persons was performed using a survey and direct blood pressure measurement. Logistical regression models were used for analyzing factors associated with the gaps, expressed as percentages. The prevalence of hypertension was 17.6% [CI 95% 17.3–17.9%]. The diagnosis gap was 6.1% [CI 95% 5.9–6.2%] among the entire population and 34.5% [CI 95% 33.7–35.3%] among persons with hypertension. No access gaps were detected; whereas the follow-up gap was 22.7% [CI 95% 21.8–23.6%] and control gap reached 43.5% [CI 95% 42.6–44.2%]. Results indicated that being male, older than 64 years, an employee, without health insurance, and not perceiving a need for healthcare, increased the risk of experiencing these gaps. Data showed appropriate access to health services and high coverage in the diagnosis was due to the application of a community and family healthcare model. Notwithstanding, we found significant gaps in the follow-up and control of hypertensive patients, especially among older males, which should warrant the attention of the Ministry of Health.

Moderating Effect of Country of Residence in Predicting Adherence to Treatment Among Black Adults Diagnosed with Hypertension

Background: Uncontrolled hypertension (HTN) is the major global risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Black individuals have worse cardiovascular health outcomes than their racial counterparts. High incidences of HTN-related strokes, heart failure, and chronic kidney diseases are prevalent in Black communities. Long-term adherence to HTN treatment is efficacious in hypertension control but challenged by psychosocial factors and the asymptomatic nature of HTN. Purpose: This research aims to assess if the country of residence moderates the relationship between adherence and each of its potential predictors in Black adults with HTN residing in the United States and Nigeria. Methodology: This is a secondary data analysis of two studies conducted in New York and southeast Nigeria (n=226). Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistical software Version 27. Descriptive differences in adherence and predicting variables, bivariate analyses for significant predicting variables within each sample, and general linear model analyses with plots for country of residence interaction effects were conducted. Results: The mean ages of the US and Nigerian samples were 57.3 ± 11.9 years (70.9% female) and 46.6 ± 8.9 years (67.1% female), respectively. Significant differences (p <.05) were noted between levels of adherence, age, self–efficacy, illness perception, annual income, and herbal use. Adherence was significantly associated (p < .05) with social support, self-efficacy, provider-patient communication, depressive symptoms, herbal use, employment, and income status within the Nigerian sample. Adherence was significantly associated with depressive symptoms and income status within the US sample. The interaction of country of residence with illness perception, social support, self-efficacy, and provider-patient communication significantly predicted adherence but not for the other variables. Interestingly, there was an opposite relationship between illness perception and adherence between the two samples. Conclusions: The country of residence moderated the relationship between adherence and illness perception, social support, self-efficacy, and provider-patient communication. These findings have clinical, cultural, and policy implications. Understanding the similarities and differences between the US and Nigeria will help clinicians working with Black patients and tailor interventions to meet the unique needs of this population. Future studies and culturally relevant strategies to improve HTN treatment adherence could target factors unique to hypertensive patients’ country of residence.

The alleles of AGT and HIF1A gene affect the risk of hypertension in plateau residents.

Plateau essential hypertension is a common chronic harmful disease of permanent residents in plateau areas. Studies have shown some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associations with hypertension, but few have been verified in plateau area-lived people. In this paper, we examined some hypertension-related gene loci to analyze the relationship between risk SNPs and plateau essential hypertension in residents in Qinghai-Tibet plateau area. We screened hypertension-related SNPs from the literature, Clinvar database, GHR database, GTR database, and GWAS database, and then selected 101 susceptible SNPs for detection. Illumina MiSeq NGS platform was used to perform DNA sequencing on the blood samples from 185 Tibetan dwellings of Qinghai, and bioinformatic tools were used to make genotyping. Genetic models adjusted by gender and age were used to calculate the risk effects of genotypes. Four known SNPs as well as a new locus were found associated with PHE, which were rs2493134 (AGT), rs9349379 (PHACTR1), rs1371182 (CYP2C56P-PRPS1P1), rs567481079 (CYP2C56P-PRPS1P1), and chr14:61734822 (HIF1A). Among them, genotypes of rs2493134, rs9349379, and rs567481079 were risk factors, genotypes of rs1371182 and chr14:61734822 were protective factors. The rs2493134 in AGT was found associated with an increased risk of the plateau essential hypertension by 3.24-, 3.24-, and 2.06-fold in co-dominant, dominant, and Log-additive models, respectively. The rs9349379 in PHACTR1 is associated with a 2.61-fold increased risk of plateau essential hypertension according to the dominant model. This study reveals that the alleles of AGT, HIF1A, and PHACTR1 are closely related to plateau essential hypertension risk in the plateau Tibetan population.

Epidemiological Determinants of Mental Well-Being and Quality of Life among Homemakers with Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Background:Stress is a major contributor to the physiology of hypertension (HTN) and is linked closely to mental well-being and overall quality of life (QoL). Health issues pertaining to women's health have usually focused on reproduction, while mental well-being has largely been neglected.Objectives:The objective of the study was to assess the perceived stress and QoL among homemakers with HTN.Materials and Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out, among 426 homemakers with HTN residing in Udupi, Karnataka. The sociodemographic and disease characteristics, Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale-10, World Health Organization QoL Brief Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF), anthropometry, and vitals were measured.Results:Of the study participants, 245 (57.5%) were aged ≤60 years and 317 (74.4%) had been diagnosed with HTN in the past decade. Low and high perceived stress was seen among 306 (71.8%) and 120 (28.2%) women, respectively. Among the four domains of WHOQOL-BREF, the physical domain had the highest mean (±standard deviation) score of 67.44 (±16.50), whereas the lowest score of 54.49 (±19.75) was observed in the social domain. The odds of high stress among single women and those with a pill burden of >2/day were 1.93 (P=0.004, 95% CI=1.228, 3.054) and 1.77 (P=0.038, 95% CI CI=0.962, 3.270) respectively. The QoL was significantly better among those aged <60 years, married, and literate women.Conclusions:Mental well-being among the hypertensive homemakers was good, with low perceived stress and high mean scores of QOL domains.

Hypertension in Relation to Dioxins and Polychlorinated Biphenyls from the Anniston Community Health Survey Follow-Up.

Background: In 2014, we conducted a longitudinal study [Anniston Community Health Survey (ACHS II)] 8 y after the baseline (ACHS I).Objectives:We investigated the relationship between persistent chlorinated compounds and hypertension in residents living around the former polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) production plant in Anniston, Alabama. We also examined the potential role of inflammatory cytokines in those with hypertension.Methods:A total of 338 participants had their blood pressure measured and medications recorded, gave a blood sample, and completed a questionnaire. Prevalent hypertension was defined as taking antihypertensive medication or having systolic blood pressure and/or diastolic pressure ; incident hypertension used similar criteria in those who developed hypertension since the baseline in 2005–2007. PCB congeners were categorized into structure–activity groups, and toxic equivalencies (TEQs) were calculated for dioxin-like compounds. Descriptive statistics, logistic and linear regressions, as well as Cox proportional hazard models, were used to analyze the associations between exposures and hypertension.Results:Prevalent hypertension (78%) in ACHS II showed statistically significant adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for PCBs 74, 99, 138, 153, 167, 177, 183, and 187, ranging from 2.18 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 4.33] to 2.76 (95% CI: 1.14, 6.73), as well as for two estrogenic-like PCB groups, and the thyroid-like group [ORs ranging from 2.25 (95% CI: 1.07, 4.75) to 2.54 (95% CI: 1.13, 5.74)]. Furthermore, analysis of quartiles demonstrated a monotonic relationship for dioxin-like non-ortho (non-o)-PCB TEQs [fourth vs. first quartile: 3.66 (95% CI: 1.40, 9.56)]. Longitudinal analyses of incident hypertension supported those positive associations. The results were strongest for the di-o-PCBs [ (95% CI: 0.93, 4.00)] and estrogenic II PCB group [ (95% CI: 0.96, 3.78)] but were weaker for the dioxin TEQs.Discussion:Findings supportive of positive associations were reported for dioxin-like mono-o- and non-o-PCBs as well as for nondioxin-like estrogenic and thyroid-like congeners with prevalent and incident hypertension, suggesting that multiple pathways may be involved in hypertension development. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5272

A Case of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension in a High-Altitude Dweller

Chronic hypoxia causes sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling leading to development of pulmonary hypertension in high-altitude residents. Although pulmonary hypertension is of mild to moderate degrees in most cases, some high-altitude residents may develop severe pulmonary hypertension. We report a case of a 47-year-old female highlander of Kyrgyz ethnicity who presented with exertional breathlessness and echocardiographic signs of severe pulmonary hypertension, who was diagnosed as having chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of severe CTEPH in a high-altitude dweller. This case illustrates that causes other than hypoxia may underlie and/or contribute to severe pulmonary hypertension in residents of high altitude.

Factors associated with atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension and preserved left ventricle systolic function

Overall, 273 consecutive patients with HTN residing in urban area were included in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the first - 60 patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF (33% men, age 62, 28 (10,02), the second - 213 patients without AF (33% men, age 59,37 (8,27). Stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated AF presence was associated with alcohol intake ≥ 7 drinks per week (OR 4,12; 95%CI: 1,04-16,35), low physical activity (OR 3,18; 95% CI: 1,32-7,68), higher hip circumference (OR 1,19; 95% CI: 1,08-1,31) and history of HTN (OR 1,10; 95% CI: 1,04-1,17). BMI was not associated with presence of AF (OR 0,75; 95% CI: 0,61-0,91). Thus in our urban population with hypertension, AF is associated with alcohol intake ≥ 7 drinks per week, low physical activity, increased hip circumference and history of hypertension.AF prevention should include modification of lifestyle.

A study of relationship between blood mercury concentration and hypertension in residents living in old mine fields and related factors.

BackgroundIn Korea, around the abandoned metal mines, heavy metals are being accumulating in the cultivated areas. Among exposed heavy metals, mercury is known to harm for cardiovascular system known to affect blood pressure. So, we studied the relationship between blood mercury level and hypertension in residents around abandoned metal mines.MethodsFrom 2008 to 2011, we surveyed 7,055 residents in provinces affected by abandoned metal mines and collected data from 6 Hospitals. We conducted a personal questionnaire interview survey with residents on the basis of household questionnaires, sex, age, household income, smoking, and drinking items. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between blood mercury level and hypertension.ResultsWe compared residents with low and high groups based on blood mercury level 5.8 μg/L, and higher group was significantly higher risk of hypertension than lower group (odds ratio [OR]: 1.277; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.135–1.436), also in adjusted model, higher group was significantly higher risk of hypertension than lower group (OR: 1.276; 95% CI: 1.117–1.457).ConclusionsThis study showed a significant correlation between mercury and hypertension in residents around abandoned metal mines. Therefore, we should continuously monitor people who are higher than the standard value and the hypertensive patients.

Association of Hypertension, Body Mass Index, and Waist Circumference with Fluoride Intake; Water Drinking in Residents of Fluoride Endemic Areas, Iran.

Hypertension is becoming a global epidemic for both rural and urban populations; it is a major public health challenge in Iran. Fluoride can be a risk factor for hypertension. Cross-sectional analysis was conducted in two study areas to assess the relation of fluoride with blood pressure prevalence, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) among different age groups in both sexes. The mean value of fluoride concentration in the drinking water from the four study villages varied from 0.68 to 10.30mg/L. The overall prevalence of HTN and prehypertension in all subjects was 40.7%. The prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension, isolated diastolic hypertension, systolic-diastolic hypertension, and prehypertension in the total sample population was 1.15, 0.28, 9.53, and 29.76%, respectively. The odd ratio of hypertension in residents who drank water with high fluoride levels was higher than that in residents who drank water with lower level of fluoride (OR 2.3, 1.03-5.14). Logistic regression results showed that age (P < 0.001), sex (P = 0.018), BMI (P = 0.015), and the fluoride level in drinking water (P = 0.041) had a significant relationship with increased blood pressure. There were no statistically significant correlations between fluoride and BMI, hip circumference, and waist to hip ratio (WHR). The findings of this study are important for health care personnel and policymakers.

DESKRIPSI KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI WARGA RT 05 RW 02 TANAH KALI KEDINDING SURABAYA

Hypertension is a disease that is dangerous because it can lead to narrowing of the arteries until death occurs. The prevalence of hypertension during October 2015–February 2016, total of 259 cases in Puskesmas Tanah Kali Kedinding Surabaya. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of hypertension in residents of RT 05/RW 02 Tanah Kali Kedinding Surabaya. This research is a descriptive study with qualitative approach and design case studies. Total population taken a number of 125 families. The sampling method is purposive sampling as many as 95 respondents. The results showed that blood pressure are residents of RT 05/RW 02 Tanah Kali Kedinding of 150/90 mm Hg-170/80 mmHg (36.8%), have family history of hypertension (84.2%), lack of exercise (82.1%), smoking (66.3%), eating sweet foods (69.5%), salty foods (74.7%), fatty foods (71.6%), and good knowledge(68.4%). Conclusion of the study are residents of RT 05/RW 02 Tanah Kali Kedinding Surabaya have high blood pressure and eating sweet foods, salty, and fatty foods. The residents should preferably be a routine health check to healthcare.Keywords: Hypertension, Consumption, Knowledge

HUBUNGAN ANTARA MEKANISME KOPING TERHADAP STRES DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA WARGA DI DESA NGELOM SROYO JATEN KARANGANYAR

Background: Based on preliminary observations of researchers in Ngelom SroyoJaten Karanganyar village, some people who have a disease due to hypertensionor problem-solving coping mechanism against stress effectively so that stress isincreasing and causing hypertension.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between copingmechanisms against stress with hypertension in residents in the village NgelomSroyo Jaten Karanganyar.The subjects were residents of the village of Karanganyar Jaten Ngelom Sroyototaling 40 residents. Sampling was done by purposive samplingMethods in this study is analytical research design correlation to determine therelationship between coping mechanisms against stress with hypertension inresidents in the village Ngelom Sroyo Jaten Karanganyar. The collected datawere then analyzed with the chi square test with p = 0.05.The results of the study there were 13 respondents to the mechanism of copingwith stress effectively have hypertension, 3 respondents to the mechanism ofcoping with stress effectively does not have hypertension, 17 respondents with acoping mechanism to stress ineffective hypertension and 7 respondents with acoping mechanism to stress ineffective does not have hypertension, the resultobtained p equal to 0.004 so that the value of P &lt;0.05, which means that Horefused and Ha accepted.The conclusion of this study there is a relationship between coping mechanismsagainst stress with hypertension in residents in the village Ngelom Sroyo JatenKaranganyar.Keywords: coping mechanism to stress, hypertension

EXISTENCE OF RULE OF HALVES IN HYPERTENSION: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS IN AN INDIAN VILLAGE.

Introduction:India is a country in transition, the population is graying and the non communicable diseases are rising. In the rural areas of India, the detection of hypertension is poor because of limited healthcare facilities and poor awareness among the people. In one such village, Mirzapur, adopted by the Aligarh Muslim University, there is a planned project to control hypertension in the villages through some innovative approaches. This study was the assessment phase of this project for mass management of hypertension to steer and guide the next phase of the project.Aim:The main objectives of this study were: to determine the prevalence of hypertension in residents ≥ 40 years in Mirzapur village, Aligarh, and, to assess the presence of rule of halves in hypertensionResults and Discussion:The present study in residents more than 40 years of age in the Mirzapur village in Aligarh found that the prevalence of hypertension in the study population was 41.9%, with a higher prevalence in older age groups. The mean blood pressure of the study population was found to be 100.03±13.17 mm Hg. The high prevalence reported in the present study reflects and reaffirms the increasing trend of hypertension in not only the urban, but also rural India, at least in the older age group. The problem of hypertension, due to its silent and asymptomatic nature, frequently depicts a rule of halves in places with weaker health system and an equally weaker health awareness and information among populations and the same is true for this village.Conclusion:There is an urgent need to conduct similar researches in other adopted villages of the country for the sake of inclusive development to find the exact burden of this silent and asymptomatic killer. More importantly, there is a need to find innovative solutions to combat the problem of hypertension detection and management.

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes complicated with hypertension in adult residents in Liuyang

To investigate the risk factors for type 2 diabetes complicated with hypertension in adult residents in Liuyang, Hunan Province, P. R. China. The residents aged at or over 18 were selected through a method of multi-stage cluster random sampling from 10 towns in Liuyang. Questionnaires, physical measurements and laboratory tests were conducted. Type 2 diabetes complicated with hypertension were served as an experimental group, while simple diabetes, non-diabetes and non-hypertension (healthy control), or non-complication and healthy group (simple hypertension, simple diabetes, and healthy group) were served as control group, respectively. Three kinds of logistic regression model were used to analyze the risk factors for type 2 diabetes complicated with hypertension. A total of 5 669 residents were included in the analysis, and the response rate was 97.74%. The results showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes complicated with hypertension of residents at or over 18 years old in Liuyang was 2.6% (95%CI: 2.2%, 3.1%). Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that for people at or over 60 years old, obesity and abnormal triglyceride were the independent risk factors for type 2 diabetes complicated with hypertension. Aging, obesity and abnormal triglyceride can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes complicated with hypertension in adult residents in Liuyang.

Effect of comprehensive intervention residents health literacy in hypertensive patients with diabetes

Objective To investigate the comprehensive intervention residents health literacy with the therapeutic efficacy of hypertensive patients on diabetes, and to provide a reference for the implementation of clinical interventions. Methods 1 684 cases of community residents were selected as the research objects. Lectures on health, one on one counseling, health manuals mode on the implementation of comprehensive intervention residents health literacy. Comparison of the residents after comprehensive interventionChina citizen health literacy questionnairesurvey results,and the awareness rate of diabetes, high blood pressure, diabetes hypertension compared after comprehensive intervention, the awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate of blood pressure,blood glucose were investigated. Results After comprehensive intervention, the basic knowledge and concept healthy residents of the ratio of 81.94%,healthy lifestyle and behavior of the ratio of 82.18%to 81.77%the proportion of health,skills, health literacy was 54.98%,which were significantly higher than those of intervention, the difference(χ2=17.88,90.67,193.72,413.88,all P<0.05);the number of patients of hypertension in 537 cases,the incidence was 31.89%.The prevalence of hypertension in residents after comprehensive intervention,the awareness rate was 64.06%, the standardized treatment rate was 51.02%and the control rate of hypertension was 35.01%,which were significantly higher than those of intervention(χ2=67.93,24.85,30.66,all P<0.05);prevalence of diabetes in 269 cases,the incidence was 15.97%.The prevalence of diabetes in residents after comprehensive intervention,the awareness rate of diabetes was 78.07%,standardized treatment rate was 60.97%,the blood sugar control rate was 37.17%,which were significantly higher than those of intervention(χ2=68.78,6.33,17.48,all P<0.05). Conclusion The comprehensive intervention residents health literacy is the effective measures to improve the residents'health literacy and health literacy, improve help control blood pressure in patients with hypertension and diabetes, glycemic index, which is of positive significance to promoting the control hypertension, diabetes. Key words: Health literacy; Comprehensive intervention; Diabetes; Hypertension

Is there an association between aircraft noise exposure and the incidence of hypertension? A meta-analysis of 16784 participants.

To determine if aircraft noise exposure causes an increased incidence of hypertension among residents near airports. We conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies to evaluate the association between aircraft noise exposure and the incidence of hypertension. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched without any restrictions. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted. The pooled ORs were calculated using both the fixed effects model and random effects model. All analyses were performed using STATA version 12.0 software (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA). We examined five studies, comprising a total of 16,784 residents. The overall OR for hypertension in residents with aircraft noise exposure was 1.63 (95% CI, 1.14-2.33), and one of our included studies showed that there was no evidence that aircraft noise is a risk factor for hypertension in women. According to our subgroup analysis, the summary OR for the incidence was 1.31 (95% CI, 0.85-2.02) with I2 of 80.7% in women and 1.36 (95% CI, 1.15-1.60) with moderate heterogeneity in men. The pooled OR for the incidence of hypertension in residents aged over 55 years and under 55 years was 1.66 (95% CI, 1.21-2.27) with no heterogeneity and 1.78 (95% CI, 1.33-2.39) with I2 of 29.4%, respectively. The present meta-analysis suggests that aircraft noise could contribute to the prevalence of hypertension, but the evidence for a relationship between aircraft noise exposure and hypertension is still inconclusive because of limitations in study populations, exposure characterization, and adjustment for important confounders.

無医地区住民を対象とした薬剤師・医師協働定期的健康相談により高血圧症改善に寄与した3症例

Optimal blood pressure (BP) control is extremely important because hypertension is a risk factor for stroke, and heart and blood vessel disease. We have been performing periodic health consultations with collaboration among pharmacists and physicians in a doctorless area. We here report three cases in which these consultations contributed to improvement in hypertension. The first consultation involved a woman in her 70s who feared starting an antihypertensive drug after hypertension had been diagnosed during a medical checkup. After introducing interventions based on lifestyle modifications and home BP measurements, her BP stabilized without medication. The second consultation, with a woman in her 50s, had been taking tofisopam and captopril for autonomic nervous symptoms and hypertension, respectively. The consultation occurred after she had redeveloped marked hypertension caused by ceasing tofisopam of her own accord. She agreed to resume taking this drug again, after which her BP dropped to normal levels. The third consultation, with a woman in her 80s, was suspected of having hypertension induced by pseudo-aldosteronism caused by long-term use of an herbal medicine containing licorice. We recommended consultation with a primary care doctor, after which she discontinued taking the herbal medicine. Health interviews, active listening, BP measurement, and recommendations for lifestyle modifications and appropriate drug use provided by pharmacists, as well as coordination with primary care doctors and medical specialists, are useful for managing hypertension in residents of doctorless areas.