Hypertension In Elderly Research Articles

COMPARISON OF BASIL LEAF EVECTIVITY WITH CUCUMBER ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN ELDERLY HYPERTENSION AT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH KOTA BOGOR CITY IN 2022

elderly. According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2018 hypertension in the elderly was 55.2%. One alternative treatment is using basil leaves (Ocimum Basilicum) and cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L). Objective: to determine the comparison of the effectiveness of basil leaves with cucumber on blood pressure in elderly hypertension. Methodology: Research using quasi-experiment with two groups pretest and posttest. Sampling using non probability sampling technique as many as 40 respondents and simple random sampling technique to determine both groups. The analysis used paired t test and independent t test: Average systolic and diastolic blood pressure pretest 147.50 / 94 mmHg and on cucumber 154.90 / 94.00 mmHg. In the posttest, it decreased in basil leaves 134.15/83.60 and cucumberp135.25 / 82.25. Obtained p-value of systolic blood pressure 0,86> ? (0.05) and r-value of diastolic blood pressure 0,49. The results of the independent t test showed no significant difference in the mean blood pressure in the intervention group given both basil and cucumber leaves. Conclusion: Cucumber jelly is more effective for reducing blood pressure for people with hypertension. Suggestion: This study is expected that patients who experience hypertension can consume cucumber jelly as an additional therapy for hypertension and it is hoped that the results of the study can be useful in dealing with high blood pressure in the elderly.

RISK LEVEL OF FALLS IN ELDERY WITH HYPERTENSION

Introduction: Hypertension in the elderly is caused by decreased arterial elasticity so that blood pressure tends to increase. Hypertension cannot be ignored, because it can cause damage to the blood vessels in the heart. Damage to the heart's blood vessels will result in blood flow to the heart muscles being obstructed. Increasing age, especially in the elderly who often do physical activity. The author conducted this study aiming to describe the level of risk of falling in the elderly who have hypertension. Methods: This research uses a descriptive method in the form of a case study. The population of this study were all elderly people with hypertension in Lumbangsari Village, Bululawang District, Malang Regency as many as 116 elderly, 56 elderly had moderate hypertension, 40 elderly had mild hypertension and 20 other elderly had prehypertension. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling with a sample size of 116 respondents. The research instrument was the MFS (Morse fall scale) with univariate data analysis using a frequency distribution. Results: Based on the results of the research that has been conducted regarding the description of the level of risk of falling in elderly hypertensives that the elderly who have fallen, the results show that most of the 56 respondents (48.3%) have a high risk of falling, a small proportion of 32 respondents (27.6%) have a moderate risk of falling and a small portion of 28 respondents (24.1%) did not have a risk of falling. This is influenced by several factors, namely age, gender, education, occupation, income, disease, smoking, excessive salt consumption. Conclusion: Based on this research, it is hoped that it can motivate residents, especially the elderly, to better maintain their diet and always maintain safety and health as well as the risks that may be experienced, especially by the elderly.

Parameters of Auditory Evoked Related Potentials P300 in Disorders of Different Cognitive Function Domains (Visuospatial/Executive and Memory) in Elderly Hypertensive Persons.

The neurophysiological correlates of certain types of cognitive impairment in relation to the spatial pattern of auditory cognitive evoked-related potentials (ERPs) in hypertensive persons remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the parameters of ERPs (N200, P300) in impaired different domains (visuospatial/executive and memory) of cognitive function in arterial hypertension, including cardiovascular ischemic events. A total of 46 patients (65-84 years) were observed. The clinical diagnosis of vascular dementia, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA test) and the spatial pattern of ERPs (N200, P300) were the parameters used to identify three groups: the Control Group without cognitive impairment (n = 13), the group with a leading memory disturbance (Memory Group, n = 20) and the group with a leading visuospatial/executive disturbance (VS/E Group, n = 13). In persons belonging to the Memory Group, N2 latency was prolonged in the central (C3 C4) and right parietal (P4) brain parts; latency of the motor component (P300) may remain similar to that of the ControlGroup. In persons belonging to theVS/E Group, maximal prolonged recognition time (N2), especially in the left central (C3), frontal-midline (Fz), right parietal (P3) and temporal (P4) brain parts, was observed; P300 latency in the central-midline (Cz) and left anterior-temporal (F7) brain parts among all the groups was revealed.

The Effect of Hypertension Exercise on Blood Pressure Reduction in The Elderly at Wisma Seruni UPT PSTW Jember

As the elderly population increases and the aging process they experience, triggers the occurrence of various diseases, especially hypertension. Improper management of hypertension causes a decrease in quality of life and morbidity in the elderly. This study aims to determine the effect of hypertension exercise on the blood pressure of the elderly at Wisma Seruni UPT PSTW Jember. The design of this study used a quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest one group design. The sampling technique used was a total of 8 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Changes in blood pressure were measured using an aneroid sphygmomanometer and data analysis using the statistical test T-Test Dependent. The results showed that the average systolic blood pressure (SBP) before the first day of therapy was 147.5 mmHg and the second day 138.75 mmHg while the average systolic blood pressure after the elderly hypertension exercise was carried out on the first day of 140 mmHg and the second day 131.25 mmHg, the average diastolic blood pressure (DBP) before the first and second day of therapy was 84.38 mmHg while after the first day of therapy it was 82.5 mmHg and the second day was 80.63 mmHg. Based on the results of the analysis test using the dependent t-test, the SBP results before and after the intervention were 0.000 (p<0.005). There was an effect on the decrease in systolic blood pressure on the first and second day of intervention. Hypertension exercise therapy is an alternative solution to reduce blood pressure in the elderly with hypertension.

The Experience of Elderly Hypertension Getting Family Care in Yogyakarta

The Experience of Elderly Hypertension Getting Family Care in Yogyakarta

32. Correlation between Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference with Hypertension in Elderly at Seroja Health Center, Bekasi City

Background: In 2020, Indonesia is estimated to have around 80,000,000 individuals aged >65 years old. The types of diseases that often occur in the elderly are non-communicable diseases (NCD), chronic and degenerative diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension is one of the diseases with the highest mortality and morbidity rates in Indonesia. The risk factor that is closely related to this disease is obesity. Central obesity has played a significant role in the occurrence of hypertension. Objective: This study aims to assess the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC) with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly population at Seroja Public Health Center, Bekasi. Method: This study is a cross-sectional study, conducted in December 2022 at Seroja Public Health Center, with a total of 65 residents aged $60 years enrolled in this study. A face-to-face questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted. Result: The overall prevalence rate of hypertension was 44,6% with 13,8% males and 30,8% females. 43,1% of the samples were obese and 76,9% of the total population had central obesity. There was a positive correlation between BMI and WC with hypertension (P < 0,001 and p = 0,007 respectively). The multivariate logistic analysis showed that age, history of dyslipidaemia, and waist circumference were a predictor of hypertension in the elderly (P < 0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between BMI and WC with the incidence of hypertension, WC is found to be one of the predictors of hypertension in elderly

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of stomach causing gastric outlet obstruction: a diagnostic dilemma

Gastric neuroendocrine tumour (GNET), also known as carcinoids, are a very rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction and arise from entero-chromaffin like cells of the mucosa. They account for 0.2/1000001 population and 8.7% of all Gastrointestinal carcinoids. They are four types based on the degree of differentiation, cell of origin and other pathologic features. Type 4 GNET are referred to as neuroendocrine carcinoma accounting for <1% of GNET. They are aggressive, poorly differentiated, locally invasive tumours with metastatic potential. Hence, they require an aggressive approach in terms of surgery and multimodality adjuvant treatment. Our patient is an elderly hypertensive who had complaints of projectile vomiting over ten days associated with weight loss over the last two years. A diagnosis of gastric outlet obstruction was made, and she underwent a contrast CT scan and endoscopy twice, both being suggestive of malignancy involving the antrum region however, the endoscopic biopsy showed unremarkable histology. Subsequently, she underwent emergency laparotomy in which there was a hard growth palpable in the antrum for which distal gastrectomy, D1 lymphadenectomy and gastrojejunostomy were done. Post-op HPE was suggestive of neuroendocrine carcinoma, thus, depicting our difficulty with diagnosis based on pre-op biopsy report given its rarity.

FEATURES OF AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING WITH DIFFERENT BLOOD PRESSURE PROFILES IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION DISEASE OF MIDDLE AND ELDERLY AGE

Background. Insufficient night-time reduction of blood pressure (BP) and night hypertension are associated with an increased risk of death regardless of the average daily BP. The study of daily BP profiles is very relevant in patients with hypertension of different age categories due to the high risk of thrombotic complications.
 Aim: of the study was to determine the peculiarities of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) indices in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients depending on the daily BP profile.
 Materials and methods. ABPM indicators were determined in 125 patients who were divided into 2 groups. 1st group (n=82) – middle-aged hypertensive patients (45-59 years old); 2nd group (n=43) – elderly hypertensive patients (60-74 years old). In the groups of middle-aged and elderly subjects 2 groups of daily BP profiles were distinguished: "dipper" and "non-dipper".
 Indices of ABPM were determined using a portable recorder ABPM-04 (company "Meditech", Hungary). Measurements of BP were performed every 15 minutes during the day (from 6 to 22 hours) and every 30 minutes at night (from 22 to 6 hours). We determined the following indices: the average daily systolic BP (SBP) (mm Hg), the average daly diastolic BP (DBP) (mm Hg), the average BP (mm Hg); the maximal daily SBP (mm Hg), the maximal daily DBP (mm Hg). The daily index (DI) was also calculated − the percentage of BP decrease at night compared to daytime BP calculated in % DI of SBP, DI of DBP, DI of average BP.
 Results. The baseline BP level in the average daily SBP and DBP in middle-aged patients of dipper group was significantly higher by 49,6% and corresponded to 155,9±12,0 mm Hg (p<0,001) and 50,4% and was 97,3±6,1 mm Hg (p<0,01). Similar results are observed in the average BP and the maximal daily SBP and the maximal daily DBP values which were significantly higher than the control group by 21,5% (p<0,05) and equaled 110,0±3,6 mm Hg and 21,3% and amounted to 176,3±23,5 mm Hg (p<0,05) and 23,6% and amounted to 117,0±19,2 mm Hg (p<0,05). The baseline BP level in the average daily and maximal SBP, the average daily DBP and the average BP in patients of non-dipper group was significantly higher by 50,8% (p<0,01) and corresponded to 157,1±12,9 mm Hg and 27,4% and equal to 176,9±24,0 mm Hg (p<0,05), 63,8% and amounted to 106,0±1,0 mm Hg (p<0,05) and 44% and was 124,3±6,8 mm Hg (p<0,05) too. In the surveyed elderly patients only the average daily DBP was significantly different from the corresponding control indicator and was lower by 21,4% (p<0,05) and amounted to 91,5±0,7 mm Hg in dipper and 23,1% (p<0,01) and was 93,5±0,7 mm Hg in non-dipper group.
 Conclusion. Non-dipper group predominates in the structure of daily BP rhythm in elderly hypertensive patients (62,8% versus 37,2%). The average BP decreases in elderly patients of non-dipper group by 11,1% (p<0,05) reliably to patients of middle age.

Asociación del nivel de ácido úrico en suero con los beneficios del control intensivo de la presión arterial

Introduction and objectivesIntensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) control improved outcomes in the Strategy of Blood Pressure Intervention in the Elderly Hypertensive Patients (STEP) trial. Whether the serum uric acid concentration at baseline alters the benefits of intensive SBP control is unknown. MethodsThe STEP trial was a randomized controlled trial that compared the effects of intensive (SBP target of 110 to<130mmHg) and standard (SBP target of 130 to <150mmHg) SBP control in Chinese patients aged 60 to 80 years with hypertension. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular disease events. This post hoc analysis was performed to examine whether the effects of intensive SBP intervention differed by the baseline uric acid concentration using 2 models: restricted cubic spline curves and subgroup analyses, both based on the Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model in the analysis of the primary outcome and secondary outcomes (excluding all-cause death). In the analysis of all-cause death, the Cox regression model was used. We also examined the change in the follow-up uric acid concentrations. ResultsOverall, the risk of the primary outcome rose as the cumulative uric acid concentration increased in both the intensive and standard treatment groups. Patients with intensive treatment had a lower multivariable-adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio for the primary outcome, but with a wide overlap of 95%CI. Next, we stratified patients according to their baseline uric acid concentration (tertile 1 [T1], <303.0μmol/L; tertile 2 [T2], 303.0 to <375.8μmol/L; and tertile 3 [T3], ≥375.8μmol/L). Subgroup analyses using tertiles provided HRs and 95%CI in T1 (HR, 0.55; 95%CI, 0.36–0.86; P=.008), T2 (HR, 0.80; 95%CI, 0.56–1.14; P=.22) and T3 (HR, 0.86; 95%CI, 0.60–1.21; P=.39), with an interaction P value of .29. The results for most of the secondary outcomes followed the same trends. ConclusionsThere was no evidence that the benefit of the intensive SBP control differed by baseline uric acid concentrations. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (Identifier: NCT03015311).

The Most Common Predictors of Uncontrolled Blood Pressure Among Hypertensive Elders: A Systematic Review

Aging process implies challenges for the elderly, specifically related to degeneration in the vascular system. The uncontrolled blood pressure has detrimental effects on brain, heart and kidney that cause organ failure. Hypertension is getting harder to control if the patients unaware with the factors that outweigh blood pressure control. Medication nonadherence and unhealthy behavior are known as the essential factors related to uncontrolled blood pressure. The study aims to assess the most common predictors of uncontrolled blood pressure, which involved elders with hypertension. The method used is a systematic review obtained from databases of Scopus, Science Direct, PMC, and SAGE. The total of eight full text articles in English language and randomized controlled trial design determined from 2018 to 2022 included in the assessed articles. The result did not reveal medication adherence as the most common factor, but obesity as modifiable predictor is obesity, whereas unmodifiable are age and comorbid. It is indicated that the require intervention for hypertensive elder is focused on body weight and comorbid management. The implication of this systematic review is beneficial for the elderly to achieve blood pressure control by enhancing the awareness of changeable factors and adopt a healthy lifestyle. Furthermore, the nurse also easier to determine the appropriate intervention for elders.

The Effect of Warm Ginger Water Foot Bath on Blood Pressure Reduction in Hypertensive Elderly at Sialang Baru

Hypertension is a degenerative disease, a disease that occurs due to aging, and lower’s the body’s organs productivity. The aim of this research is to know the effect of warm ginger water foot bath on blood pressure reduction in hypertensive elderly at Sialang Baru. The research design used is pre-experimental with pre and post-test designs. The technique of sampling purposive was performed on 20 respondents. The instrument was in observation form. The research results were obtained from the respondent’s average blood pressure before and after giving ginger warm water foot bath (systolic blood pressure 165.50 mmhg becomes 158,55 mmHg and diastolic 98.05 mmHg becomes 90,15 mmHg). The results of the study paired sample analysis showed p=value &lt;0,005, which means a warm ginger water foot bath is effective for lowering blood pressure hypertension in the elderly at Sialang Baru. It is recommended that the puskesmas can provide counseling and information to patients suffering from hypertension to do warm ginger water foot bath as herbal medicine for hypertension.&#x0D; Keywords: foot bath, hypertension, red ginger, warm water

Association of serum uric acid with benefits of intensive blood pressure control

Introduction and objectivesIntensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) control improved outcomes in the Strategy of Blood Pressure Intervention in the Elderly Hypertensive Patients (STEP) trial. Whether the serum uric acid concentration at baseline alters the benefits of intensive SBP control is unknown. MethodsThe STEP trial was a randomized controlled trial that compared the effects of intensive (SBP target of 110 to<130mmHg) and standard (SBP target of 130 to <150mmHg) SBP control in Chinese patients aged 60 to 80 years with hypertension. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular disease events. This post hoc analysis was performed to examine whether the effects of intensive SBP intervention differed by the baseline uric acid concentration using 2 models: restricted cubic spline curves and subgroup analyses, both based on the Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model in the analysis of the primary outcome and secondary outcomes (excluding all-cause death). In the analysis of all-cause death, the Cox regression model was used. We also examined the change in the follow-up uric acid concentrations. ResultsOverall, the risk of the primary outcome rose as the cumulative uric acid concentration increased in both the intensive and standard treatment groups. Patients with intensive treatment had a lower multivariable-adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio for the primary outcome, but with a wide overlap of 95%CI. Next, we stratified patients according to their baseline uric acid concentration (tertile 1 [T1], <303.0μmol/L; tertile 2 [T2], 303.0 to <375.8μmol/L; and tertile 3 [T3], ≥375.8μmol/L). Subgroup analyses using tertiles provided HRs and 95%CI in T1 (HR, 0.55; 95%CI, 0.36–0.86; P=.008), T2 (HR, 0.80; 95%CI, 0.56–1.14; P=.22) and T3 (HR, 0.86; 95%CI, 0.60–1.21; P=.39), with an interaction P value of .29. The results for most of the secondary outcomes followed the same trends. ConclusionsThere was no evidence that the benefit of the intensive SBP control differed by baseline uric acid concentrations. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (Identifier: NCT03015311).

THE RELATIONSHIP OF SELF-EFFICACY WITH SELF CARE IN ELDERLY WITH HYPERTENSION st. ANGELA SAMARINDA

Background, the elderly in the St. Angela Samarinda, most of them are diagnosed with hypertension, and take medication throughout their life. Hypertension in the elderly is closely related to the belief in the ability to live according to a healthy lifestyle and also the ability to care for oneself. The problem that occurs in the elderly with hypertension is lack of confidence and disobedience to hypertension treatment procedures. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and self-care in the elderly with hypertension at St. Angela Samarinda. This research method uses a correlational descriptive design with a cross sectional approach. Overall the number of samples in this study were 31 elderly people with hypertension. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank test. Results: Elderly with hypertension have self-efficacy of 5 elderly (16.1%) in the medium (sufficient) category and 26 (83.9%) in the High category and have self-care of 18 elderly (58.1%) in moderate category (enough) and 13 elderly (41.9%) in the high category (good). This study shows that there is a significant relationship between self-efficacy and self-care with a value of p = 0.001 &lt;0.05 and a correlation coefficient with a positive value of 0.554. Conclusion: there is a significant relationship between self-efficacy and self-care in the elderly with hypertension and the higher the self-efficacy of the elderly with hypertension, the tendency to improve their self-care. Suggestion: Families must understand that self-efficacy is the most important prerequisite for changing behavior in elderly hypertensives to give the elderly confidence to carry out self-care activities.

A study on the prevalence and related factors of frailty and pre-frailty in the older population with hypertension in China: A national cross-sectional study.

To explore the prevalence and factors associated with frailty and pre-frailty in elderly Chinese patients with hypertension. In China, there have been few national studies into the prevalence and factors associated with frailty and pre-frailty in elderly patients with hypertension. Through the 4th Sample Survey of Aged Population in Urban and Rural China (SSAPUR) in 2015, the situation of hypertension subjects aged 60 years or older in 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China was obtained. And the frailty index was constructed based on 33 potential defects, elderly hypertensive patients are classified as robust, frailty, and pre-frailty. A total of 76,801 elderly patients with hypertension were enrolled in the study. The age-sex standardized prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty in hypertensive elderly in China was 16.1% (95%CI 15.8-16.3%), 58.1% (95%CI 57.7-58.4%). There were significant geographical differences in the prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty in elderly hypertensive patients. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that poor economic status, activities of daily living disability, and comorbid chronic diseases were related to frailty and pre-frailty. Frailty and pre-frailty are very common in elderly Chinese patients with hypertension and have similar risk factors. Prevention strategies should be developed to stop or delay the onset of frailty by targeting established risk factors in the pre-frailty population of elderly hypertension. It is also crucial to optimize the management of frailty in elderly Chinese patients with hypertension.

Cardiac Behavior and Heart Rate Variability in Elderly Hypertensive Individuals during Aerobic Exercise: A Non-Randomized Controlled Study.

High blood pressure is an important public health problem due to its high prevalence, the difficulty to control it, and its high contribution to morbidity. A series of changes may be linked to the aging process, compromising cardiac conduction, and reducing cardiovascular baroreceptor function. Advancing age promotes a decline in heart rate variability and this decrease can increase the probability of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the autonomic modulation of heart rate in hypertensive elderly individuals during and after a session of aerobic exercise, and to compare it with elderly individuals without cardiovascular or metabolic disease. Our study was a non-randomized controlled study with hypertensive elderly (HBP group) and elderly without cardiovascular and/or metabolic diseases (control group). Data on blood pressure and heart rate variability (HRV) were collected before, during, and after 30 min of aerobic physical exercise on a treadmill. There was a reduction in HF (ms2) and SD1 (ms) in the 5 min of recovery for the elderly in the control group. The elderly in the control group also had greater RMSSD and SD1 30 min post-exercise when compared to the initial mins of recovery. We concluded that there was no difference in autonomic modulation and global heart rate variability between elderly individuals without cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and hypertensive individuals after a bout of aerobic exercise. Elderly individuals without metabolic diseases showed a decrease in parasympathetic modulation and global variability between the time of rest and 5 min of recovery. However, up to 30 min of post-exercise recovery, they restored parasympathetic activity.

Effect of Modifiable factors on Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) in Elderly Population: A study from a tertiary care hospital in Delhi

Hypertension (HTN) is a major public health problem in all age group but isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is the commonest form of hypertension in elderly population and it is a better predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared to diastolic blood pressure. Aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of modifiable factors on systolic blood pressure (SBP) in elderly population on systolic blood pressure in elderly patients. This prospective observational study was conducted on the patient attending OPD &amp; IPD of HAHC Hospital, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi. All the elderly hypertensive with elevated systolic BP were included in the study, after explaining the details about the study and taking written consent data were recorded on a proforma. The patients were followed every regularly and the effect of drugs on SBP were assessed and recoded at monthly interval. Data were analysed by using IBM SPSSv20. This study documented that among the 220 hypertensive patients who completed the study 51% were female. The maximum numbers of patients were from of age group of 56 to 65 years (44.54%). This study also shows that 40.90% patients were tobacco user. Morbidity and mortality are increased by elderly hypertension. The number of elderly hypertension patients will increase for practitioners as the US aging population rises. Most ISH in elderly hypertension. Most difficult to treat. Evidence is quite strong for treating ISH. SBP management must come before DBP reduction. Clinical studies demonstrate that lowering SBP lowers cardiovascular and renal disease more than keeping SBP uncontrolled. Prioritizing elderly SBP management is necessary.

Projecting prescribing issues and patient patterns on the way to therapeutic appropriateness at the community level through elderly hypertensives

Introduction: Despite treatment, up to 50% of older hypertensives have poorly controlled blood pressure in the community. Possibly, the management advice does not reach the intended. Who stands responsible; the prescriber, the system (social dynamics) or the patients themselves? The study aims to showcase various prescribing practices and patient behaviours that influence therapeutic delivery and thus patient care. Appropriate redressals to such practices and behaviours as and when required during health planning/practice could result in the percolation of the best possible care unto all socioeconomic strata within a community. Materials and Methods: Older patients on antihypertensives (n = 143) were interviewed by visits to various urban slums of a district in Western Maharashtra, India, between December 2018 and October 2020 for this cross-sectional, descriptive study. Demographic and clinical data were recorded on a predesigned pro forma with reasons for the patient's behavior concerning disease/treatment. Finally, available prescriptions and the latest blood/urine evaluations were recorded. Prescribing practices were recorded with available tools and data was analysed. Results: The mean age of the study population was 68 ± 7.39 years. Optimal control of the blood pressure was not achieved in 72.03% of patients (P < 0.0001%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.94–53.54%), whereas adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurred in 35.66% of patients. Physician's prescription was available in 101 patients for prescription quality assessment; however, 12 patients had never been prescribed and 30 lost their prescriptions. Even patients under regular follow-up with a physician failed to achieve the blood pressure targets or prevent an ADR. Finally, the patients' behavior was studied, wherein 41.22% became lost to follow-up and 64.13% of patients had old prescriptions. Forty-two patients could explain such behaviors. Conclusions: Both physicians and patients were responsible for poor blood pressure control. The means of assisting a physician on physician-patient communication would reduce physician workload (thus increasing efficiency) and reduce confusion/misconception (about drug/disease etc) that patient upholds (thus addressing counterproductive patient behaviours).

S-12-1: PAST AND FUTURE OF HYPERTENSION RESEARCH

Research on hypertension has achieved, in the last few decades, important results on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of the high blood pressure (BP) condition. However, as listed in the 2018 European guidelines, several aspects remain unclarified either because they have not been explored by properly designed studies or because data remain controversial. This presentation will discuss some of the questions that represent important unmet needs for hypertension research. One, absence of randomized evidence-based trials on the benefit of antihypertensive treatment in important clinical conditions such as white coat hypertension, masked hypertension, resistant hypertension, hypertension of the very elderly people (e.g. nonagenarians) and hypertensives classifiable as frail because of the high number of comorbidities and poor life expectancy. Two, hypertension of relatively young people (e.g. &lt; 45 or 40 years) in whom low event incidence prevents the performance of event-based trials, making prevention or progression of subclinical organ damage probably the only reliable and feasible approach. Three, the benefit of funding treatment on out-of-office (ambulatory and/or home) BP either as an alternative or an addition to classical office BP reduction, a fundamental therapeutic issue never addressed in the past. Four, the BP threshold at which to start treatment in naive hypertensives and the goal BP value to try to reach in different demographic and clinical hypertension subgroups. And finally, the problem of residual risk in apparently well treated hypertensive individuals, i.e. their persistence at a risk level clearly higher than that of the control population. A final consideration will be that assessing this issue by randomized trials will probably be difficult and that future research will thus have to rely more and more frequently on observational studies which can now be based on large population data-bases that extend over many years and can, via extensive information and high quality analysis, substantially reduce the risk of the risk of confounding associated with this approach.

Medication Adherence and Influencing Factors of Elderly Hypertensive Patients during the COVID-19 Period: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chengdu, China

Medication Adherence and Influencing Factors of Elderly Hypertensive Patients during the COVID-19 Period: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chengdu, China

Retracted: Additional Acupuncture Confers a Favorable Long‐Term Prognosis for Elderly Hypertensive Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis after Atorvastatin Treatment

Retracted: Additional Acupuncture Confers a Favorable Long‐Term Prognosis for Elderly Hypertensive Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis after Atorvastatin Treatment