Hyperplastic Tissue Research Articles

Laser in Dentistry- A Review

Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation, or LASER, is what the phrase refers to. In 1960, Miaman was the first to apply laser technology on both hard and soft tissues in dentistry. Over the past two decades, laser technology has advanced significantly. Soft tissue applications include wound healing, removal of hyperplastic tissue for uncovering of impacted or partially erupted teeth, photodynamic therapy for malignancies, and photostimulation of herpetic lesion. Various hard tissue applications include caries prevention, bleaching, restorative removal and curing, cavity preparation, dentinal hypersensitivity, growth modulation, and for diagnostic purposes. Although lasers have been shown to be slightly more expensive than conventional therapy, they are a useful tool for improving the effectiveness, specificity, ease, and comfort of dental treatment.

Gut microbiota promote liver regeneration through hepatic membrane phospholipid biosynthesis

Hepatocyte growth and proliferation depends on membrane phospholipid biosynthesis. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generated by bacterial fermentation, delivered through the gut-liver axis, significantly contribute to lipid biosynthesis. We therefore hypothesized that dysbiotic insults like antibiotic treatment not only affect gut microbiota, but also impair hepatic lipid synthesis and liver regeneration. Stable isotope labeling and 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx) was carried out in C57Bl/6J wild-type mice, in mice treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, in germ-free mice and mice colonized with minimal microbiota. The microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and microbial culture. Gut content, liver, blood and primary hepatocyte organoids were tested by mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), immunoblot and immunohistochemistry for expression of proliferative and lipogenic markers. Matched biopsies from hyperplastic and hypoplastic liver tissue of patients subjected to surgical intervention to induce hyperplasia were analyzed by qRT-PCR for lipogenic enzymes. Three days of antibiotic treatment induced persistent dysbiosis with significantly decreased beta-diversity and richness, but a massive increase of Proteobacteria, accompanied by decreased colonic SCFAs. After PHx, antibiotic-treated mice showed delayed liver regeneration, increased mortality, impaired hepatocyte proliferation and decreased hepatic phospholipid synthesis. Expression of the lipogenic enzyme SCD1 was upregulated after PHx but delayed by antibiotic treatment. Germ-free mice essentially recapitulated the phenotype of antibiotic treatment. Phospholipid biosynthesis, hepatocyte proliferation, liver regeneration and survival were rescued in gnotobiotic mice colonized with a minimal SCFA-producing microbial community. SCFAs induced the growth of murine hepatocyte organoids and hepatic SCD1 expression in mice. Further, SCD1 was required for proliferation of human hepatoma cells and was associated with liver regeneration in human patients. Gut microbiota are pivotal for hepatic membrane phospholipid biosynthesis and liver regeneration. Gut microbiota affect hepatic lipid metabolism through the gut-liver axis, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Perturbations of the gut microbiome, e.g. by antibiotics, impair the production of bacterial metabolites, which normally serve as building blocks for membrane lipids in liver cells. As a consequence, liver regeneration and survival after liver surgery is severely impaired. Even though this study is preclinical, its results might allow physicians in the future to improve patient outcomes after liver surgery, by modulation of gut microbiota or their metabolites.

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Parkinson’s Disease Patient with Flabby Ridge Using Modified Window Technique: A Case Report

A flabby alveolar ridge is a mobile soft tissue seen superficially affecting either maxillary or mandibular alveolar ridge. It commonly develops when alveolar bone gets replaced by hyperplastic soft tissue. It is particularly seen in maxillary anterior region of long term denture wearers. Inadequate support stability and retention of complete denture are the problems encountered in these patients. Tremors caused by Parkinsonrsquos disease can make prolonged dental treatment challenging. Various methods are used for managing flabby alveolar ridges which include surgical technique special impression procedures equalized distribution of occlusal forces and implant placement. Special impression technique that involves window technique for flabby ridge has multiple challenges. This case report discusses the use of modified window technique for managing maxillary ridge with flabby area from canine to canine in a Parkinsonrsquos disease patient. This impression technique aids in recording the impressions of the flabby ridges with minimal displacement thus enhancing retention stability and support of the denture.

EXPRESSION LEVELS OF FOXO-1, P27KIP1, MIR-27, MIR-186 AND AKT1/AKT-P PROTEINS IN WOMEN WITH ENDOMETRIAL CANCER AND HYPERPLASIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.

Despite extensive research on endometrial cancer (EC) and endometrial hyperplasia, there is still a gap in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying their development and progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of FOXO-1, P27Kip1, miR-27, and miR-186, and Akt1, Akt-P proteins in patients with EC and endometrial hyperplasia compared to control subjects. Samples of the endometrial tumor (n=30), normal (control) (n=30) and endometrial hyperplastic (n=30) tissue were obtained from patients referring to Arash and Imam Khomani hospitals, Tehran, Iran. Expression levels of genes and microRNAs were evaluated by qRT- PCR. Western blot analysis was applied for protein evaluation. The data were analyzed using t-test, Mann -Whitney U, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, ANCOVA and ANOVA. There was significant decrease in FOXO-1 in EC tissue compared to control tissue (p<0.05). Significant increase was observed in expression of miR-27 in patients with EC (p<0.001) and hyperplasia (p<0.01), whereas miR-186 expression level increased significantly only in patients with EC (p<0.05). P27Kip1 expression level did not significantly change in patients with EC and hyperplasia. There was a significant association between expression levels of miR-27 with FOXO-1 and P27Kip1 in patients with EC. Western blot analysis revealed higher endometrial AKT1-P protein levels in patients with EC and hyperplasia than control subjects (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that FOXO-1, miR-27, miR-186, and Akt1-P/Akt1 protein have the potential to serve as tissue biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and progression of EC in the human reproductive system.

Modified plasmakinetic enucleation and resection of the prostate by three glands: proposal of a novel anatomical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) cannot completely resect hyperplastic tissues and is often associated with high recurrence rate and short recurrence interval. Western and Chinese scholars have reported higher incidences of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with traditional enucleations. This study investigated the potential applicability of Modified Plasmakinetic Enucleation and Resection of the Prostate by three glands (MPKERP) in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Between April 2020 and June 2021, 28 patients underwent MPKERP for BPH. The surgical procedures included (1) surgical capsule exploration; (2) moderate range enucleation; (3) middle gland enucleation; (4) sector resection at 12 o’clock in the lithotomy position; (5) cut residual distal urethral mucosa; (6) lateral hyperplastic glands enucleation. All 28 patients recovered well after the surgery, and the curative effect was satisfactory. The average operation time was 68.9 ± 21.8 min, the average weight of excised glands was 62.5 ± 19.1 g, the average indwelling catheter time was 4.6 ± 0.6 d, and the average bladder washing time was 28.6 ± 9.5 h. The average postoperative 1-day hemoglobin decrease was 10.2 ± 9.8 g/L. Only one severe hyperplasia patient had transient SUI (incidence rate: 3.6%). No complications, such as urethral stricture, dysuria, urinary incontinence and urinary retention, were reported during follow-up. International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) and post-void residual volume (PVR) significantly improved three months after surgery (p &lt; 0.0001). The MPKERP can enucleate and resect the hyperplastic glands anatomically in an orderly manner and pay attention to expanding space, reducing resistance, reducing the damage of pushing and pulling, protecting the urethral sphincter complex (USC), and reducing the incidence of urinary incontinence. Altogether, our findings support MPKERP as an improved surgical technique worthy of promotion, and it is more suitable for grass-roots hospitals that lack hardware equipment.

Surgical Excision of Hypertrophic Tissue and Retrieval of Orthodontic Mini-implant using Diode Laser- A Rare Case Report

Orthodontic mini-implants or transient anchorage devices can be used to shift difficult teeth. There is substantial evidence showing the effectiveness of Temporary Anchorage Devices (TAD) and their anchorage requirements. However, there are also reports of failures and complications like soft tissue inflammation, tissue overgrowth, peri-implantitis and mini-implant fracture. The present case report of 22 years old female patient, discusses a rare occurrence of tissue overgrowth over the mini-implant on right buccal mucosa in relation to 45, 46 regions. A 1.3×9 mm stainless steel mini-implant was used as an interim anchorage device. The tissue overgrowth was attributed to soft tissue inflammation around the mini-implant. Under adequate anaesthesia, the tissue was removed using a laser, and the mini-implant was retrieved using tissue forceps. After achieving hemostasis, simple interrupted sutures were placed. It is recommended to administer antibiotics, analgesics, and along with postoperative instructions. When used correctly, mini-screws are valuable tools that enhance the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment. However, there is a scarcity of case studies discussing the complications and side-effects of mini-implants. Clinicians should carefully evaluate both general and unique side-effects and complications at the insertion site. This case report demonstrates the successful removal of an orthodontic mini-implant following diode laser ablation of hyperplastic tissue.

A quantitative histological study of the expression of Snail and Cytokeratin 18 in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma

The purpose of this study is to quantify from a histological point of view, the expression of Snail, both nuclear and cytoplasmic, correlating it with cytokeratin 18 immunoreactivity in normal prostate, benign prostate hyperplasia, and prostate cancer by estimates of integrated optical density per unit area in arbitrary units of uncalibrated optical density per µm2. These estimates will be made both globally and locally to verify the heterogeneity of these markers. Linear regression was applied to investigate the correlation between the expression of Snail and the expression of cytokeratin 18 in the study groups. Discriminant analysis performed to classify the cases in the study groups was also applied using Snail and cytokeratin 18 measurements as classifying variables. In all cases, Snail's immunoexpression is heterogeneous with local variations. In cancer, the expression of Snail is abundant at the nuclei, while in normal and hyperplastic tissue Snail is mainly cytoplasmic, which may indicate that in these situations, Snail predominates in an inactive form. The expression of Snail is negatively correlated with that of the epithelial marker cytokeratin 18; this could be correlated with mesenchymal epithelium transition developed in the cancer progression. Snail and cytokeratin 18 immunoexpression were able to discriminate between normal, hyperplastic, and malignant prostate tissues.

Reflux-related Complications in Patients with Chronic Calculous Prostatitis and Benign Prostate Hyperplasia After Surgical Removal of Prostatic Hyperplasia and Stones

The objective: to analyze the effectiveness of prevention of reflux-related complications in patients with chronic calculous prostatitis and prostatic hyperplasia after surgical removal of prostatic hyperplasia and stones. Materials and methods. The study included patients 56–70 years old with prostatic hyperplasia and stones. They were divided into two groups. The first group included 28 patients who underwent a retrospective study of reflux pyelonephritis and epididymitis after surgical removal of hyperplastic tissues and stones of the prostate gland without the use of pathogenetically justified prophylaxis. The second group included 26 patients who underwent a study of reflux pyelonephritis and epididymoorchitis after surgical removal of hyperplastic tissues and stones of the prostate gland with the use of pathogenetic justified drug therapy. The patients underwent objective, laboratory, bacteriological and biochemical research, ultrasound examination of the prostate gland and bladder. Blood flow in the prostate gland was studied by Doppler. Results. In 14.2 % of patients in the first group, who received traditional medical treatment in the postoperative period, acute reflux pyelonephritis developed, in 17.8 % – epididymitis. Patients of the second group were prescribed one of the alpha1-adrenoceptor blockers and suppositories with a non-steroidal drug in the postoperative period together with traditional medical therapy. In patients of the second group, acute reflux pyelonephritis was not determined after surgical treatment, and epididymitis developed in 1 (3.3 %) of 26 persons. Conclusions. It has been determined that the prescription of alpha1-adrenoceptor blocker is an effective method of preventing of reflux-related pyelonephritis and epididymitis development in the patients in the early postoperative period after surgical removal of hyperplastic tissues and stones of the prostate gland in order to eliminate spastic obstruction, as well as prescription of non-steroidal drug to reduce the inflammatory process and edema in the prostate and bladder neck.

Prosthodontic Management of Patients with Flabby Ridges Using Different Impression Techniques: A Case Series

Fabrication of complete dentures in clinically compromised cases such as “flabby ridge” is a challenging task for the dentist.A flabby ridge is a superficial area of mobile soft tissue which develops when hyperplastic soft tissue replaces the alveolarbone. During impression making using the conventional impression technique force is exerted resulting in distortion ofthe mobile tissue and thus leading to loss of retention, stability, and support of the denture. To overcome these difficultiesmany modified impression techniques have been proposed that help to record the fibrous tissues in undistorted form. Thisarticle presents three case reports for prosthodontic management of patients with flabby ridges using different impressiontechniques.

Changes in the Expression and Functional Activities of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 13 (CXCL13) in Hyperplastic Prostate

C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), a member of the CXC subtype in chemokine superfamily, affects numerous biological processes of various types of cells and the progress of a great number of clinical diseases. The purpose of the current study was to reveal the internal mechanism between CXCL13 and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Human serum, prostate tissues and human prostate cell lines (BPH-1, WPMY-1) were utilized. The effect of recombinant human CXCL13 (rHuCXCL13) protein and the influences of the knockdown/overexpression of CXCL13 on two cell lines were studied. Rescue experiments by anti-CXCR5 were also conducted. In vivo, rHuCXCL13 was injected into the ventral prostate of rats. Additionally, a tissue microarray of hyperplastic prostate tissues was constructed to analyze the correlations between CXCL13 and clinical parameters. CXCL13 was highly expressed in the prostate tissues and upregulated in the BPH group. It was observed that CXCL13 modulated cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through CXCR5 via AKT and the ERK1/2 pathway in BPH-1, while it contributed to inflammation and fibrosis through CXCR5 via the STAT3 pathway in WPMY-1. In vivo, rHuCXCL13 induced the development of rat BPH. Additionally, CXCL13 was positively correlated with the prostate volume and total prostate specific antigen. Our novel data demonstrated that CXCL13 modulated cell proliferation, cell cycle, the EMT of epithelial cells, and induced the fibrosis of prostatic stromal cells via a variety of inflammatory factors, suggesting that CXCL13 might be rediscovered as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of BPH.

A fluorescent photoimmunoconjugate for imaging of cholesteatoma

Cholesteatoma is a potentially serious complication of chronic ear infections and requires surgical intervention for definitive management. Long-term complications include a frequent need for repeat surgical intervention for disease recurrence, and techniques to improve efficacy of single-stage surgery are an important area of continued research. This study investigates a novel application of the photosensitizer immune conjugate (PIC) cetuximab-benzoporphyrin derivative (Cet-BPD) for in vitro localization of human cholesteatoma tissue, coupled with an in vivo safety study for middle ear application of Cet-BPD in a murine model. In fresh human cholesteatoma tissues, Cet-BPD demonstrates selective localization to the hyperplastic squamous cell tissue associated with cholesteatoma, without localizing to other tissues such as middle ear mucosa. Applied to the murine middle ear, Cet-BPD does not demonstrate any deleterious effect on murine hearing when assessed by any of auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds, distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds, or ABR wave I amplitudes. These findings demonstrate the technical promise and encouraging safety profile for the use of PICs for intraoperative localization and treatment of cholesteatoma.

T-cell immunoglobulin mucin molecule-3, transformation growth factor β, and chemokine-12 and the prognostic status of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

The effects of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin molecule-3 (Tim-3), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and chemokine-12 (CXCL12) expression on the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have not been elucidated. To examine the correlation between Tim-3, TGF-β and CXCL12 expression and DLBCL prognosis. Lymph node tissues of 97 patients with DLBCL and 93 normal-response hyperplastic lymph node tissues treated from January 2017 to May 2019 were selected as the DLBCL and control groups, respectively. The expression of Tim-3, TGF-β, and CXCL12 was detected immunohistochemically. Patients were followed up for 3 years, and progression-free survival was recorded. Cox multifactorial analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors for poor prognosis. The positive expression rates of Tim-3, TGF-β, and CXCL12 were higher in DLBCL tissues than in non-cancerous (control) tissues (P < 0.05). One-year post-surgery, the positive expression rates of Tim-3, TGF-β, and CXCL12 were higher in patients with effective treatment than in those with ineffective treatment (P < 0.05). The 3-year progression-free survival of 97 patients with DLBCL was 67.01% (65/97). Univariate analysis revealed that clinical stage, bone marrow infiltration, International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, Tim-3 positivity, TGF-β positivity, and CXCL12 positivity were associated with poor prognosis (P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that clinical stage III-IV, bone marrow infiltration, mediate-to-high-risk IPI scores, Tim-3 positivity, TGF-β positivity, and CXCL12 positivity were independent risk factors affecting prognosis (P < 0.05). DLBCL tissues exhibit high positive expression of Tim-3, TGF-β, and CXCL12, and a high expression of all three indicates a poor prognosis.

Anti-inflammatory effects of PRIMA-1MET (mutant p53 reactivator) induced by inhibition of nuclear factor-κB on rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes.

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), the main pathological cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), display tumor-like phenotype, including hyper-proliferation, apoptosis resistance, and aggressive phenotype. Excessive proliferation and insufficient apoptosis of RA-FLSs can lead to hyperplastic synovial pannus tissue, excess production of inflammatory mediators, and destruction of joints. In this article, we investigate the effect of PRIMA-1MET on the apoptosis induction and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RA-FLSs. Synovial tissue samples were obtained from 10 patients with RA. The FLSs were treated with different concentrations of PRIMA-1MET. The rate of apoptosis and cell survival was assessed by flow cytometry and MTT assay and Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to evaluate the transcription of p53, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, Noxa, p21, PUMA, Bax, Survivin, and XIAP in treated RA-FLSs. The protein level of p53, IκBα, and phospho-IκBα were measured using Western blotting. The results showed that PRIMA-1MET induced apoptosis in RA-FLSs and increased significantly the expression of Noxa, and decreased significantly IL-6, IL-1β, p53, and phospho-IκBα expression. PRIMA-1MET can induce apoptosis in RA-FLSs through induction of Noxa expression while p53 was downregulated. Furthermore, PRIMA-1MET treatment results in the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and NF-κB inhibition. Given the role of p53 and NF-κB in RA-FLSs, PRIMA-1MET can be considered as a new therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis.

Patient-derived parathyroid organoids as a tracer and drug-screening application model.

Parathyroid diseases are characterized by dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and alterations in parathyroid hormone (PTH) excretion. The development of parathyroid-targeted treatment and imaging tracers could benefit from invitro models. Therefore, we aim to establish a patient-derived parathyroid organoid model representing human parathyroid tissue. Hyperplastic parathyroid tissue was dispersed, and parathyroid organoids (PTOs) were cultured and characterized. PTO-derived cells exhibited self-renewal over several passages, indicative of the presence of putative stem cells. Immunofluorescence and RNA sequencing confirmed that PTOs phenocopy hyperplastic parathyroid tissue. Exposure of PTOs to increasing calcium concentrations and PTH-lowering drugs resulted in significantly reduced PTH excretion. PTOs showed specific binding of the imaging tracers 11C-methionine and 99mTc-sestamibi. These data show the functionality of PTOs resembling the parathyroid. This PTO model recapitulates the originating tissue on gene and protein expression and functionality, paving the way for future physiology studies and therapeutic target and tracer discovery.

ODP510 Pseudolymphoma of the Thyroid Gland in Association with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Benign Lesion in Whitish Thyroid Gland

Abstract Background Pseudolymphoma or reactive lymphoid hyperplasia is a benign localized tumor-forming lymphoid hyperplasia found in various organs. Its occurrence in the thyroid gland is rare and could mimic malignant lesion. Here, we present a case of pseudolymphoma of the thyroid in a patient with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Case description A 24-year-old woman without underlying disease presented with incidentally found thyroid nodule. Ultrasound revealed mild thyroid enlargement with diffuse heterogeneous parenchymal echotexture. A 5×7×8.5-mm hypoechoic solid nodule with irregular margin was found in the left upper pole. No microcalcification was detected. Multiple subcentimeter lymph nodes at bilateral cervical group VI and left cervical group IV were also detected, measuring up to 5 mm in short axis. Fine-needle aspiration was performed and suggested malignancy (Bethesda class V). Laboratory testing showed euthyroid state with positive anti-thyroglobulin antibodies and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. The blood test and ultrasound findings suggested the underlying of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection without postoperative complication. Gross examination of the thyroid showed multiple well-demarcated whitish nodular lesions, ranging from 2-10 mm, in the upper pole of both thyroid lobe and a well-circumscribed area of a 7-mm greyish nodule in left thyroid lobe. Microscopically, the whitish lesion in both lobe composed of hyperplastic lymphoid tissues with many follicular centers on the background of lymphocytic thyroiditis. The immunohistochemistry study revealed a polyclonal nature of the plasma cell infiltrates. No abnormal staining with AE1/AE3 or cyclin D1 was found. Pseudolymphoma was diagnosed based on these findings. Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (6 mm) without capsular invasion was also diagnosed in the lesion of left mid lobe. The cervical lymph nodes showed metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma (1.5 mm) in level III cervical lymph nodes. No perinodal extension was found. Postoperative course was unremarkable and the patient was in stable condition at 18 months after the operation. Conclusion Although primary thyroid lymphoma is often considered in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The possibility of pseudolymphoma characterized by the presence of well-demarcated pearly white nodules and polyclonal cell populations should also be considered. Presentation: No date and time listed

ODP078 An Unsolved Mystery of Hyperparathyroidism for 12 Years

Abstract Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by hypercalcemia and elevated or inappropriately normal levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). It results from excessive secretion of PTH from one or more of the parathyroid glands. The number and location of the parathyroid glands can be variable. The organogenesis of the parathyroids determines the definitive location in adulthood. We hereby present an interesting case of primary hyperparathyroidism caused by the ectopic parathyroid gland. Clinical case 85-year-old Black female with papillary thyroid cancer status post total thyroidectomy and RAI in 2011, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, osteoporosis, long standing PHPT referred to ER for hypercalcemia from a physician's office. A review of the system was significant for unintentional 40 lb. weight loss over the past several months and increased urinary frequency. She denied confusion, abdominal pain, constipation, paresthesia. On physical exam she was afebrile, BP 144/63 mm Hg, pulse 56/min and respiratory rate of 18. The rest of the detailed physical examination was unremarkable. She was initially diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism in 2009 based on PTH- 196 pg /ml (n 10-65 pg/ml), and corrected calcium- 11. 0 mg/dl (n 8.5-10.1 mg/dL) . Laboratory on this admission (2021) revealed PTH - 411.8 pg/ml (n 10-65 pg/ml), corrected calcium - 12.9 mg/dL (n 8.5-10.1 mg/dL) with albumin 4 g/dl (3.4-5. 0 g/dL), ionized calcium-7.30 mg/dL (n 4.5-5.3 mg/dL), 1,25-(OH) 2 vitamin D level -50.2 pg /mL (n 20-82 pg/mL),25-(OH) vitamin D level of 37.2 ng/mL (n 30-100 ng/mL) and GFR-40 mL/min/1.73m 2 (n &amp;gt;=60. 0 mL/min/1.73m 2). She underwent a total of 4 Sestamibi scans and 1 MRI chest with and without contrast since 2009 that failed to localize defective parathyroid gland . But on this admission an incidental finding of right neck mass measuring 3. 0×1.2×2.7 cm was noted in MRI cervical spine that led to US head and neck soft tissue. It showed a solid and cystic mass with a concern for ectopic parathyroid gland posterior to the right submandibular gland. ENT was consulted, and the patient underwent right neck exploration with the removal of the neck mass. Pathology resulted as hyperplastic parathyroid tissue most congruent with a parathyroid adenoma. Conclusion Ectopic parathyroid glands occur in approximately 15% of patients with PHPT. Embryologically, the third pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the inferior parathyroid glands, and the superior parathyroids arise from the fourth pharyngeal pouch. It can occur from the angle of the mandible to the mediastinum according to the developmental and migratory aberrations. Parathyroidectomy remains the definitive cure for PHPT and is recommended in all symptomatic patients. Presentation: No date and time listed

A rare case of asymptomatic hyperplastic ectopic parathyroid tissue within the thymus: what are the clinical implications?

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

NOLC1 knockdown suppresses prostate cancer progressions by reducing AKT phosphorylation and β-catenin accumulation

Although several studies have focused on cancer diagnosis and therapy, prostate cancer (PC) remains an intractable disease. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which is used to treat early stage PC can lead to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is highly associated with androgen receptor (AR) mutations. Nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1 (NOLC1) is a chaperone that shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Studies suggest that NOLC1 regulates PC progression; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we showed that NOLC1 knockdown suppresses PC cell proliferation by altering the signaling pathways and the expression of various proteins involved in DNA replication, amino acid metabolism, and RNA processing. Mechanistically, NOLC1 knockdown suppressed cell cycle progression by inhibiting AKT phosphorylation and β-catenin accumulation. Finally, we showed that NOLC1 expression is higher in human PC than in human hyperplastic prostate tissues. Altogether, we demonstrated that NOLC1 knockdown suppresses the progression of both AR-positive and AR-negative PC cells by inducing changes in the expression of several genes leading to cell cycle arrest. Thus, NOLC1 might be a novel and promising therapeutic target for PC.

Clinical and Pathomorphological Analysis of Mechanisms of Progression of Dupuytren’s Contracture

INTRODUCTION: The factors and mechanisms of progression and recurrence of the palmar fascial fibromatosis with formation of severe Dupuytrens contracture, remain insufficiently studied.&#x0D; AIM: To identify probable mechanisms of progression of the palmar fascial fibromatosis based on the comparative analysis of clinical and morphological characteristics of patients with Dupuytrens contracture of different extent of severity.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: Objects: medical histories and histological preparations of surgical material of patients with III (group 1, n = 121) and IIIIV (group 2, n = 135) degree Dupuytrens contracture. Methods: clinical, histological, statistical.&#x0D; RESULTS: Clinical markers of hereditary predisposition to Dupuytrens disease (the percentage of patients under 50 at the time of onset of the disease and the frequency of involvement of both hands) were comparable in the study groups. The incidence of diseases of the circulatory system was reliably higher in group 2: 57.0% against 41.3% (p 0.01). A prolonged course of the disease ( 8 years) was identified only in half of the patients of group 2. The median of the content of hyperplastic connective tissue in the palmar aponeurosis in patients of groups 1 and 2 was 22.9% and 11.3%, respectively (p 0.001), interquartile range 0%67.8% and 0%56.7%, respectively. In the capillary network and in the intima of larger vessels, CD34-positive endothelium was identified in patients of both groups. Around the blood vessels supplying fibromatous nodules and cords, cells expressing CD34 were found. Thickness of adventitia and Kernogan index in the arteries perforating the palmar aponeurosis, were higher in group 2.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: A higher frequency of comorbid diseases of the circulatory system, more evident thickening of adventitia of arteries perforating the palmar aponeurosis, and reduction of their throughput capacity in patients with severe Dupuytrens contractures indicate the significance of systemic and regional vasogenic mechanisms of progression of the palmar fascial fibromatosis. The content of hyperplastic connective tissue (histological predictor of recurrence) varies individually with each degree of contracture.

RECURRENT RESPIRATORY PAPILLOMATOSIS TREATED WITH RADICAL PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY

RECURRENT RESPIRATORY PAPILLOMATOSIS TREATED WITH RADICAL PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY