Blockchain Hyperledger Research Articles

Methodological performance analysis applied to a novel IIoT access control system based on permissioned blockchain

Considering that RFID technology presents a significant growth in IIoT environments, industrial manufacturing is being one of the most benefited by this growth. As growth implies increased security risks, access control systems have emerged as an essential solution for IIoT environments and particularly in RFID systems. Considering Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain as a modular project oriented to environments with high level of performance in terms of speed and scalability, our manuscript proposes a performance analysis based on a methodological framework to demonstrate the viability of a comprehensive access control system which includes Identification, Authentication, Authorization and Accountability/Auditing based on the permissioned blockchain Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain. Our proposal promotes a novel approach to reliable data privacy, based on private data collection solution promoted by Hyperledger Fabric to implement the registration phase of our access control system. In this regard, the feasibility of using private data collection with respect to a private data local management solution is demonstrated. Finally, thanks to the modularity promoted by Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain, we define the optimal network model for our use case. To demonstrate these approaches, several experiments are conducted, based on a proposed methodological performance framework.

Residential energy trading with blockchain technology

Blockchain technology is a peer-to-peer value transfer technology that guarantees the safety and correctness of transactions between parties who do not trust each other without a universally trusted entity. Because of this characteristic, we study possible integration of blockchain technology with a local neighborhood power grid, to design a truly decentralized energy trading market. The proposed design allows energy producers within the local power networks to safely transact with neighborhood households. In other words, the users who have a redundant amount of power can sell it to users who need power at a fairer price, than is offered by a utility company. We show that such local trades provide benefits to both electricity buyers and sellers. This paper does two things: (1) establishes a mathematical game theory model for the users’ decision to buy or sell power in the peer-to-peer energy market and (2) discuss blockchain software stack for deploying such a system. For the first part, we use a smart algorithm built upon KKT conditions to solve the multi-level game theory model. Secondly, we show how the electricity price offered by the central company is influenced by the introduction of the blockchain to the power transaction system. As supporting evidence we provide experimental data—the simulation of the market and its infrastructure using blockchain Hyperledger’s Fabric framework. Finally, we found that the electricity price can decrease dramatically by allowing peer-to-peer transactions among prosumers and consumers unless the amount of generating power from prosumers is much lower than their demand. We foresee a great future for the applications of blockchain technology in this area with the increasing mass adoption of solar and renewable generation at the consumer level. However, these processes will enact more discussions on power delivery grid ownership and its public access, usage, and management.

Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain for Securing the Edge Internet of Things.

Providing security and privacy to the Internet of Things (IoT) networks while achieving it with minimum performance requirements is an open research challenge. Blockchain technology, as a distributed and decentralized ledger, is a potential solution to tackle the limitations of the current peer-to-peer IoT networks. This paper presents the development of an integrated IoT system implementing the permissioned blockchain Hyperledger Fabric (HLF) to secure the edge computing devices by employing a local authentication process. In addition, the proposed model provides traceability for the data generated by the IoT devices. The presented solution also addresses the IoT systems’ scalability challenges, the processing power and storage issues of the IoT edge devices in the blockchain network. A set of built-in queries is leveraged by smart-contracts technology to define the rules and conditions. The paper validates the performance of the proposed model with practical implementation by measuring performance metrics such as transaction throughput and latency, resource consumption, and network use. The results show that the proposed platform with the HLF implementation is promising for the security of resource-constrained IoT devices and is scalable for deployment in various IoT scenarios.

Linear Elliptical Curve Digital Signature (LECDS) With Blockchain Approach for Enhanced Security on Cloud Server

Cloud computing is a continuously evolving technology that can enhance agility, availability, collaboration and scalability of data. Blockchain has a secure, immutable ledger which maintains all the transactions along with the timestamp. The blockchain framework and cloud computing technology jointly provides different ways of computational cost reduction. The existing methods help to identify the anonymous documents which are given in the form of requests from the cloud server. If the anonymized document requests are from the authorized users, then cloud provides better security and hence documents are not available for unauthorized users. But the main issue is access rights available for authorized users on sensitive data of the owner. To maintain the privacy the sensitive data are hidden using cryptographic techniques even for authorized users. The method adopted is Linear Elliptical Curve Digital Signature (LECDS) with Hyperledger blockchain, to prevent private data loss. The Linear regression method is used to classify the user information into two classes namely sensitive and non-sensitive. The non-sensitive data is encrypted using RSA and sensitive data is encrypted using LECC method. Modified Spider optimization search Algorithm (MSOA) is used to verify the integrity of outsourced data and search user query information in a cloud server. The hyper ledger blockchain verifies the user policy to create a private network through which the user communicates the cloud. In the analysis of the proposed method, the results are evaluated using various performance metrics such as security, throughput, classification accuracy and error rate.

MF-Ledger: Blockchain Hyperledger Sawtooth-Enabled Novel and Secure Multimedia Chain of Custody Forensic Investigation Architecture

Due to globalization and worldwide connectivity, multimedia data exchange has increased significantly over the Internet in the last decade. The life cycle of multimedia content is also getting more multifaceted as more people are accessing, sharing, modifying and re-using multimedia information. This poses serious challenges for the multimedia industry to provide integrity, reliability and trustworthiness for multimedia investigations against the growing cybersecurity threats. This paper bridges this gap by enabling a secure and transparent digital forensic investigations process using blockchain technology. MF-Ledger a Blockchain Hyperledger sawtooth-enabled novel, secure and efficient digital forensic investigation architecture is proposed where participating stakeholders create a private network to exchange and agree on different investigation activities before being stored on the blockchain ledger. We have created digital contracts (smart contracts) and implemented them using sequence diagrams to handle the stakeholders' secure interaction in the investigation process. The proposed architectural solution delivers robust information integrity, prevention, and preservation mechanism to permanently and immutably store the evidence (chain of custody) in a private permissioned encrypted blockchain ledger.

WITHDRAWN: Integration of blockchain and IoT for data storage and management

Abstract Blockchain is a fast-evolving, encrypted, immutable and decentralized technology. It is used to store different data types such as transactions, at its core. But it's not about the cryptomonetary transactions. It can also be used to store many other items, such as properties, IoT or even multimedia content, such as songs, photos and videos. On HyperLedger Fabric Blockchain, we are managing IoT info. We collect and securely send data from IoT sensors to our HyperLedger Blockchain node using the MQTT protocol. We process the data and link it to our ledger after collecting data from the sensor. We also assess our network’s efficiency, taking into account different parameters such as timeout for batch, batch size and message count.

Trustful ad hoc cross‐organizational data exchanges based on the Hyperledger Fabric framework

SummaryOrganizations share data in a cross‐organizational context when they have the goal to derive additional knowledge by aggregating different data sources. The collaborations considered in this article are short‐lived and ad hoc, that is, they should be set up in a few minutes at most (e.g., in emergency scenarios). The data sources are located in different domains and are not publicly accessible. When a collaboration is finished, it is however unclear which exchanges happened. This could lead to possible disputes when dishonest organizations are present. The receipt of requests/responses could be falsely denied or their content could be point of discussion. In order to prevent such disputes afterwards, a logging mechanism is needed which generates a replicated irrefutable proof of which exchanges have happened during a single collaboration. Distributed database solutions can be taken from third parties to store the generated logs, but it can be difficult to find a party which is trusted by all participating organizations. Permissioned blockchains provide a solution for this as each organization can act as a consensus participant. Although the consensus mechanism of the permissioned blockchain Hyperledger Fabric (versions 1.0–1.4) is not fully decentralized, which clashes with the fundamental principle of blockchain, the framework is used in this article as an enabler to set up a distributed database, and a proposal for a logging mechanism is presented which does not require the third party to be fully trusted. A proof of concept is implemented which can be used to experiment with different data exchange setups. It makes use of generic web APIs and behaves according to a Markov chain in order to create a fully automated data exchange scenario where the participants explore their APIs dynamically. The resulting mechanism allows a data‐delivering organization to detect missing logs and to take action, for example, (temporarily) suspend collaboration. Furthermore, each organization is incentivized to follow the steps of the logging mechanism as it may lose access to data of others, otherwise. The created proof of concept is scaled to 10 organizations, which autonomously exchange different data types for 10 min, and evaluation results are presented accordingly.

Hyperledger Blockchain Design for Sharing, Spreading, and Protecting National Cybersecurity Information

Hyperledger Blockchain Design for Sharing, Spreading, and Protecting National Cybersecurity Information

Enactment of Block Chain under Supply Chain Management A Study on Seafood Companies in Pakistan

This research paper has been created to examine the potential benefits of block chain applications associated with hyper ledger under the key functions that are performed within the supply chain management of seafood companies in Pakistan. For this purpose, the research has specifically focused on determining how block chain hyper ledger can assist seafood companies in Pakistan to enhance their key supply chain functions associated with tracking and tracing of the seafood products, as well as in maintaining transparency under the entire supply chain. To conduct this study, primary data related to the key variables of this research was collected through a survey, under which a Likert-scale questionnaire was administered to obtain the information from the respondents. This primary data was collected from 36 respondents who were working on various positions within the supply chain department of different food companies. The findings of this research revealed that block chain hyper ledger was impacting the track and trace procedures, as well as the transparency of the supply chain management of seafood companies positively at 95 percent confidence interval. These findings further indicated that even though the use and implementation of technologies or applications of block chain are still in their infancy and underutilized within Pakistan, block chain technology has a significant potential to offer transparent, optimal, and secure characteristics related to traceability under the important supply chain functions that are performed by seafood companies. Furthermore, it was also inferred from the findings of this research that the technology of block chain can offer a comprehensive framework in helping seafood organizations to save their costs and enhance their efficiency while producing, managing and delivering seafood products to the target customer successfully.

Fifa Ticketing System using Blockchain Hyperledger Sawtooth Platform

In this paper we present an approach to investigate how Blockchain Hyperledger Sawtooth platform can be used in ticketing system to process a secure transaction over a network environment. A framework for a ticketing industry has been proposed to overcome the transactional issues between distributors, vendors, and the customers. A discrete three-layer architectural model is presented that is suitable for the application design development. The Blockchain architecture allows us to maintain the list of records contained in the distributed data base on the network and the validator validates the transaction allowing the transaction processor to authorizes the nodes. The outline of Docker compose demonstrates on how to start the transaction processor from the console for the ticketing application. The methodology indicates the use of algorithm to generate a unique key by importing the python software development kit in our design implementation Finally, the paper also provides the detail analysis of how the transactions are initiated, retrieved, and exported to view the complete block of encrypted data and achieve safe and secure transaction between two parties over a network.

Smart Agriculture Using Supply Chain Management Based On Hyperledger Blockchain

Indonesia is an agricultural country, and one of the regions is Semarang Regency which well known as chili producers. Unfortunately, common issues occurred such as the fluctuation of the stock price and chili, the low exchange values of farmers in prices because of the complicated flow distribution chain. Furthermore, chili is quickly decomposed, but the demand is high enough. The solutions are to predict the demand for supply chain management, to make payment transactions of agricultural needs of farmers by analyzing stocks, raw materials, price to the chain of distribution, also to build trade links among farmers, consumers and Semarang District Agriculture Service. This journal discussed the flow of supply chain and logistics. We recommend to use the latest technology called Hyperledger Blockchain and IOT so that they can make it easier to carry out the transaction process because it is simple, low cost, transparent, faster. It also has high data security, and simplify ecosystems can be easy to exchange information quickly through Hyperledger Blockchain transactions so that the potential of this technology can bring benefits to farmers and consumers by creating the construction of a trusted distribution network that will bring a data transparency solution so that it can become a suggestion for the Semarang District Agriculture Service.

Blockchain Based Warehouse Supply Chain Management using Hyperledger Fabric and Hyperledger Composer

This research investigates the operation of smart transactions in the blockchain and demonstrates the process of transforming an existing system into the blockchain using the Hyperledger Blockchain Platform. The process includes determining business model requirements and redesigning the business model to be applied to the blockchain system using Hyperledger Composer. The supply management system is the selected case study due to its complexity that can be used to demonstrate blockchain implementation. This research explored the utilization of Hyperledger Fabric as well as Hyperledger Composer technology. The implemented system is then under test for performance evaluation. According to experimental results, read access has the shortest duration needed, which is 33% faster than Create, 69% compared to Delete, and 82% compared to Update. Update function has the longest average duration needed. Furthermore, reading using query would dramatically slow down the Read function with the increase of the average read duration over 10 commodities category by 12238.9%, over 100 commodities category by 1950%, and over 1000 commodities category by 308% than reading without using a query.

Efficient Traceability Systems of Steel Products Using Blockchain-Based Industrial Internet of Things

With the development of the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), the existing IIoT platform has gradually formed a large-scale, heterogeneous distributed environment. How to ensure information security and achieve efficient product traceability is an urgent problem to be solved in the development of the steel IoT platform. In view of the low transparency of information traceability of current steel products and the defects of information islands, in this article the blockchain-based steel IoT quality traceability system is developed and adopted the alliance chain mode and the Hyperledger blockchain platform. Experimental tests prove that production companies, logistics, and consumers can participate in the information certification of steel products via the system. Consumers can understand the real product manufacturing process, effectively avoiding the incomplete information and low transparency in the traditional information traceability process, and effectively trace the quality of steel products. The system provides an effective scheme for promoting the transformation and upgrading of the steel industry.

LoC — A new financial loan management system based on smart contracts

Current financial loan management systems are usually deployed in a single-service mode, also the transactions are not transparent and traceable to most of the roles participating in the process. Their data privacy protection mechanisms are not robust enough facing various cyber attacks. To overcome these challenges, we propose loan on blockchain (LoC), a novel financial loan management system based on smart contracts over permissioned blockchain Hyperledger Fabric. We use the Chinese poverty alleviation loan as the case study. We design a digital account model for the transfer of assets between centralized and decentralized ledgers; and propose locking and unlocking algorithms for smart contracts. We introduce digital signature and oracle to protect the data privacy. Performance evaluations on chaincode and unlocking codes show that our system is applicable in the real financial loan setting.

Research on distributed authentication of power IoT based on Hyperledger blockchain

Research on distributed authentication of power IoT based on Hyperledger blockchain

EACMS: Emergency Access Control Management System for Personal Health Record Based on Blockchain

Personal health records (PHRs) are private and vital assets for every patient. There have been introduced many works on various aspects of managing and organizing the PHR so far. However, there is an uncertain remaining issue for the role of PHR in emergencies. In a traditional emergency access system, the patient cannot give consent to emergency staff for accessing his/her PHR. Moreover, there is no secured record management of patient’s PHR, which reveals highly confidential personal information, such as what happened, when, and who has access to such information. This paper proposes an emergency access control management system (EACMS) based on permissioned blockchain hyperledger fabric and hyperledger composer. In the proposed system, we defined some rules using the smart contracts for emergency condition and time duration for the emergency access PHR data items that patient can assign some limitations for controlling the PHR permissions. We analyzed the performance of our proposed framework by implementing it through the hyperledger composer based on the response time, privacy, security, and accessibility. The experiments confirm that our framework provides better efficiency compared with the traditional emergency access system.