Hypericum Scabrum Research Articles

Nine prenylated acylphloroglucinols with potential anti-depressive and hepatoprotective activities from Hypericum scabrum

In our screening program for new biologically active secondary metabolites, nine new polycyclic polyprenyled acylphloroglucinols, hyperscabins D–L, together with three known compounds, were obtained from the aerial parts of Hypericum scabrum. The chemical structures of 1–9 were characterized by extensive spectroscopic analyses, nuclear magnetic resonance calculation with DP4+ probability analysis, and the electronic circular dichroism spectra were calculated. Compound 1 was an unusual prenylated acylphloroglucinol decorated with a 5-oxaspiro [4,5] deca-1,9-dione skeleton. Compound 2 was a newly identified spirocyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol possessing a rare 5,5-spiroketal segment. Compounds 3, 8, and 10 (10 μM) exhibited pronounced hepatoprotective activity against d-galactosamine-induced WB-F344 cell damage in vitro assays. All test compounds (1, 3, and 7–12) demonstrated potential inhibitory effects at 10 μM against noradrenalinet ([3H]-NE) reuptake in rat brain synaptosome.

Unusual derivatives from Hypericum scabrum

Three new compounds (1–3) with unusual skeletons were isolated from the n-hexane extract of the air-dried aerial parts of Hypericum scabrum. Compound 1 represents the first example of an esterified polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol that features a unique tricyclo-[4.3.1.11,4]-undecane skeleton. Compound 2 is a fairly simple MPAP, but with an unexpected cycloheptane ring decorated with prenyl substituents, and compound 3 has an unusual 5,5-spiroketal lactone core. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques (1D and 2D NMR, HRESI-TOFMS). Absolute configurations were established by ECD calculations, and the absolute structure of 2 was confirmed by a single crystal determination. Plausible biogenetic pathways of compounds 1–3 were also proposed. The in vitro antiprotozoal activity of the compounds against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Plasmodium falciparum and cytotoxicity against rat myoblast (L6) cells were determined. Compound 1 showed a moderate activity against T. brucei and P. falciparum, with IC50 values of 3.07 and 2.25 μM, respectively.

Hypolipidemic effects of Hypericum Scabrum extract on the serum lipid profile and obesity in high-fat diet fed rats.

Diets included high-fat (HFD) and high calories intake is correlated with greater risk of obesity and oxidative stress, which lead to increase the risk of related diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic disease. In the present study, we have examined the hypolipidemic activity of Hypericum Scabrum extract on HFD fed rats. Fifty-four male Wistar rats divided into six groups: 1) control, 2) H. Scabrum extract (100 mg/kg gavage per day), 3) H. Scabrum extract (300 mg/kg), 4) HFD, 5) HFD and H. Scabrum extract (100 mg/kg), 6) HFD and H. Scabrum extract (300 mg/kg). The groups were fed their diet and treatment for 3months. Biochemical analysis showed elevated lipid serum profile in HFD rats compared to control group. H. Scabrum extract supplementation significantly ameliorated triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. H. Scabrum extract supplementation leading to increase HDL-cholesterol in HFD treated groups. This experiment showed that H. Scabrum extract decreased HFD complications and might be beneficial herbal drug for treatment of hyperlipidemia and obesity.

Three new decarbonyl prenylphloroglucinols bearing unusual spirost subunits from Hypericum scabrum and their neuronal activities

Three novel polycyclic polyprenyled acylphloroglucinols, Hyperscabins A-C, were obtained from the aerial parts of Hypericum scabrum. They featured an unprecedented 5,5-spiroketal subunit with the loss of C-2′ carbonyl in the phloroglucinol ring. Their structures were characterized by extensive spectroscopic analyses, NMR calculations with DP4+ analysis, calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra and the application of modified Mosher′s methods. In the assay of [3H]-5-HT and [3H]-NE reuptake inhibition, compounds 1 and 2 showed good inhibitory activity (81.8% and 83.2%) in 10 μmol/L. In addition, compound 1 significantly increased cell viability in the experiment of oxygen and glucose deprivation/deoxygenation.

Sivas İli Doğal Florasından Toplanan Sarı Kantaron (Hypericum scabrum L.) ve Aslan Pençesi (Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm) Bitkilerinin Bazı Kalite Kriterlerinin Belirlenmesi

Bu çalışmada Sivas ilinde doğal olarak yetişen sarı kantaron (Hypericum scabrum) ve aslan pençesi (Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm) bitkilerinin antioksidan aktivite ve makro-mikro besin içerik değerlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler makro ve mikro besin elementleri açısından değerlendirildiğinde, her iki bitkide de Mg, Ca, Zn ve Cu (mg kg-1) normal düzeylerde yer alırken Fe ve Mn oranlarının oldukça yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Sarı kantaron bitkisinde major bileşen olarak 3-keto-urs-12-ene (%11.99) belirlenirken, aslan pençesinde Phytol (%34.84) majör bileşen olarak tespit edilmiş her iki bitki de orta derecede antioksidan aktivite göstermiştir.

Effects of Hypericum scabrum extract on dentate gyrus synaptic plasticity in high fat diet-fed rats

High-fat diet (HFD) can induce deficits in neural function, oxidative stress, and decrease hippocampal neurogenesis. Hypericum (H.) scabrum extract (Ext) contains compounds that could treat neurological disorders. This study aimed to examine the neuroprotective impacts of the H. scabrum Ext on hippocampal synaptic plasticity in rats that were fed HFD. Fifty-four male Wistar rats (220 ± 10 g) were randomly arranged in six groups: (1) HFD group; (2) HFD + Ext300 group; (3) HFD + Ext100 group; (4) Control group; (5) Ext 300 mg/kg group; (6) Ext 100 mg/kg group. These protocols were administrated for 3 months. After this stage, a stimulating electrode was implanted in the perforant pathway (PP), and a bipolar recording electrode was embedded into the dentate gyrus (DG). Long-term potentiation (LTP) was provoked by high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the PP. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) and population spikes (PS) were recorded at 5, 30, and 60 min after HFS. The HFD group exhibited a large and significant decrease in their PS amplitude and EPSP slope as compared to the control and extract groups. In reverse, H. scabrum administration in the HFD + Ext rats reversed the effect of HFD on the PS amplitude and EPSP slope. The results of the study support that H. scabrum Ext can inhibit diminished synaptic plasticity caused by the HFD. These effects are probably due to the extreme antioxidant impacts of the Ext and its capability to scavenge free radicals.

Effects of Different Geographical Aspects and Ontogenetic Variability on Total Hypericin Content of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. and Hypericum scabrum L.

The present study was conducted to determine the total hypericin contents of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. and Hypericum scabrum L. species which are naturally distributed in the flora of Siirt province, Turkey. Hypericin contents of Hypericum species grown in different geographical aspects (North, South, East, and West), and it was measured at different harvest times (full blooming and post blooming period). In the current study, it has been determined that total hypericin content varies considerably according to aspects, plant developmental stages (ontogenetic variance), and species. According to species x aspect interaction, the highest total hypericin content was recorded from the west aspect (3.13 mg/g) in Hypericum triquetrifolium, while, the lowest hypericin content was also obtained from the west aspect (1.22 mg/g) in Hypericum scabrum. When the highest total hypericin content was analyzed according to aspect x species x harvest time interaction, the highest total hypericin content was produced from Hypericum triquetrifolium at the harvest of west aspect with 5.28 mg/g, while the minimum amount of hypericin was obtained from the same aspect in Hypericum scabrum with 0.50 mg/g. In species x harvest time interaction, the highest total hypericin content was obtained from the full bloom (3.10 mg/g) harvest in Hypericum triquetrifolium, while the lowest hypericin was obtained from the full bloom (1.26 mg/g) harvest in Hypericum scabrum. The data suggest that the average total hypericin content was 2.26 mg/g in Hypericum triquetrifolium and 1.28 mg/g in Hypericum scabrum.

Anticancer Activity of Water and Methanol Extracts of Hypericum scabrum L. on Different Cancer Cell Lines

Hypericum scabrum L. is an endemic medicinal plant with antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory, antiviral effect. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of water and methanol extracts on different cancer cell lines such as osteosarcoma cancer, cervical cancer and prostate cancer. The data showed that the methanol extract had a highly effective cytotoxic effect on all three cell lines. Although water extract caused less cell loss than methanol extract, it was found that the cells were inhibited in all three cell lines. DU-145, which is the prostate cell line, was more effective in both extracts. As a result, the water and methanol extract of Hypericum scabrum L. have an anticancer effect on Saos-2, HeLa and DU-145 cells. There is a need for further and comprehensive studies by isolating the main active ingredient of this plant which is a candidate for drug of cancer in the future. Our study is expected to lead the studies in this direction.

Ethno-botanical study of sedative medicinal plants in Shahrekord

Background, Sedatives are usually prescribed for people who are anxious and worried, and have developed depression. The use of these drugs in the short term can have benefits, but their use in the long term may develop drug addiction. Therefore, research attempts are being made to identify a natural and effective drug source to discover and ultimately produce effective sedative drugs. The aim, The aim of this study was to report plant species in Shahrekord, Iran, that are used as sedatives by collecting local people’s information about their properties and methods of use. Methods, This study was conducted in 2017 using face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire distributed among 29 traditional therapists in the region under purpose. The data drawn from the questionnaires were meticulously and appropriately tabulated, and finally analyzed by the Excel software. Results, According to the ethnobotanical knowledge in the studied region, medicinal plants Melissa officinalis,Hypericum scabrum L,Dracocephalum multicaule,Anchusa italyca Retz,Valeriana officinalis,Origanum vulgare L,Kelussia odoratissima,Tanacetum polycephal,Hyssopus augustifolia,Alcea spp,Dianthum capillus-veneris,Lavandula angustifolia are used as herbal sedatives. Conclusion, These plants might be used as alternative or complementary remedies and might be used for preparation of new drugs.

Headache and herbal medicine: An ethnobotanical study of Shahrekord, Southwest of Iran

Chronic pain is a common problem that affects the quality of life of patients. Among chronic pains, headache is one of the most common pains. This study is an ethnobotanical study of headache treatment using medicinal plants in Shahrekord region, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. This study was performed by collecting data using an ethnobotanical questionnaire. Data collection was conducted from 21 April 2017 to 19 February 2018 among 29 traditional therapists. Out of 29 people, 8 were female and 21 male. The results of this study showed that according to the ethnobotanical knowledge of Shahrekord, nine medicinal plant species consisting of Salvia haydragea DC., Astragalus hamosus L., Hyoscyamus kotschyanus Pojark, Hypericum scabrum L., Valeriana officinalis, Origanum vulgare L., Anthemis hyalina DC., Adianthum capillus-veneris L and Dracocephalum multicaule Montbr & Auch belonging to a total of 7 families are used in treating headache. The highest frequency of use was obtained for Salvia haydragea DC. (6%) and Anthemis hyalina DC. (6%). Most plants with anti-headache effect (n: 3) belong to the Lamiaceae family, and the aerial parts (38%) are the most frequently used plant organ for this purpose.This study can provide comprehensive data on clinical remedies based on centuries of experience in the field of headache and thus might lead to perform further clinical trials of these remedies for the treatment of cephalic pain.

Crop wild relatives of Kazakhstani Tien Shan: Flora, vegetation, resources

This paper presents the results of the field study on species composition, geographical distribution, phytocoenotic diversity and resources of crop wild relatives (CWR) in Kazakhstan's ranges of the Tien Shan Mountains. Taxa of not only cultivated genera of crops are taken into account, but also a wider range of species of high socio-economic importance, including medicinal, fodder, essential oil and other species. List of CWR includes 289 species belonging to 39 families and 145 genera. Among them, 9 species listed in the Red Data book of Kazakhstan: Pistacia vera, Rheum wittrockii, Armeniaca vulgaris, Malus sieversii, Allium pskemense, Allochrusa gypsophilloides, Sorbus sibirica, Vitis vinifera and Artemisia cina. The highest plant diversity is recorded in intermountain plains and river valleys where meadow vegetation forms a high abundance of forage and resource plants. The diversity of wild fruit plants is concentrated in gallery forests. CWR of cereals are confined to dry steppe slopes in low piedmont belt. The populations of almond, pistachio, plum and cherry were recorded at dry slopes of low mountain belt. The estimation of the raw material base for 13 resource plants is given. Only Rumex tianschanicus, Berberis sphaerocarpa are recommended for industrial harvesting; for local pharmacy chain – Mentha longifolia, Origanum vulgare, O. vulgare subsp. gracile, Ziziphora clinopodioides, Hypericum scabrum, Hypericum perforatum, and five Rosa species.

Memory-enhancing Properties of Hypericum scabrum Essential Oil in a Rat Model of Dementia

Hypericum species are known to be used in traditional therapies. H. scabrum L. is one of the Hypericum species distributed in Turkey. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Hypericum scabrum essential oil inhalation on spatial memory in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats. The essential oil was characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS system. Male wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: control; scopolamine-alone treated; diazepam-treated (positive control); tramadol-treated (positive control); scopolamine with Hypericum scabrum essential oil 1%-treated; and scopolamine with Hypericum scabrum essential oil 3%-treated group. All rats were tested behaviorally to evaluate spatial memory peformances in Y-maze task and radial-arm maze task. The most abundant component of the essential oil was identified as α-pinene (51.3%). Hypericum scabrum essential oil application significantly improved spatial memory as compared to scopolamine-alone treated rats as evidenced by increases in spontaneous alternation behavior in Y-maze task and decreases in the number of working memory errors and reference memory errors in the radial-arm maze task in this study. Hypericum scabrum essential oil inhalation could be used as a complementary therapy to reduce memory impairments in the patients with dementia and related diseases.

Neuropharmacological profile of Hypericum scabrum L. essential oil in rats

ABSTRACTMembers of the genus Hypericum L. are traditionally used for various illnesses including depression. In this study, the effects of essential oil obtained from Hypericum scabrum L. on anxiety and depressive-like behavior were evaluated in dementia animal model. H. scabrum essential oil (1% and 3%) was applied to rats for 21 days by inhalation. Then, the rats were treated with scopolamine prior to behavioral tests: elevated plus maze and forced swimming test. H. scabrum essential oil increased the number of open arm entries and number of crossings within elevated plus maze as compared to scopolamine-alone treated group, demonstrating anxiolytic effect. Furthermore, depressive-like symptoms induced by scopolamine were reduced by H. scabrum essential oil inhalation as evidenced by increases in the swimming time and decreases in the immobility time within forced swimming test. These results show anxiolytic and antidepressant-like activities of H. scabrum essential oil in dementia rat model.

RETRACTED: Organometallic cerium oxide nanostructures acted as nanofertilizer during callogenesis and organogenesis of recalcitrant plant Berberis lycium Royle

Abstract We report organometallic cerium oxide nanostructures (OM-CeO2-NS) mediated in vitro callus induction and direct shoot regeneration of medicinally important and recalcitrant plant (Berberis lycium Royle). To achieve greater biocompatibility, Hypericum scabrum flower extract was used during the green synthesis process. Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (UPLC-DAD) coupled with Mass spectrometry (MS) was employed to detect the potential secondary metabolites in H. scabrum flower extract which acted as reducing as well as the surface stabilizing agents for tailoring the morphology of OM-CeO2-NS. High resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (Hr-TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) examination of the prepared OM-CeO2-NS revealed homogenous morphology with an average size of 38 ± 5 nm. Moreover, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy examination and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique also confirm organometallic chemistry of prepared CeO2-NS. Interestingly, nutritive behaviour of OM-CeO2-NS was observed in B. lycium tissue culturing primarily due to the extremely small size and organometallic nature. The results reveal that callus induction is enhanced to 90% with low concentration of OM-CeO2-NS (4 mg/L) and direct shoot regeneration is improved to 79% with increased concentration of 20 mg/L. The current study concludes that OM-CeO2-NS can be used as nanofertilizer in tissue culturing of the recalcitrant plant species.

Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Aerial and Underground Parts of Hypericum Scabrum L.

We have studied Hypericum scabrum L. plant which belongs to the Hypericaceae family, naturally growing in Anatolia. The aim of this research is to investigate the chemical composition (total phenol, total flavonoid) of 70% methanol and water extracts prepared from the underground and flowering aerial parts to investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. In order to determine the antioxidant activities of the extracts, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities and the inhibition of β-carotene/linoleic acid co-oxidation were studied. In cytotoxicity experiments, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) method was used on human lung cancer cell line (A549), human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (COLO 205) and mouse fibroblast (L929) cell line. When the chemical composition of the extracts was examined, the richest extract in terms of total phenolic content was found to be water extract prepared form the flowering part of the plant, and this extract was evaluated to be more active in DPPH radical scavenging activity test than the other extracts. In the cytotoxicity assays, 70% methanol extracts prepared from the flowering and root parts of the plant showed more inhibitory effects on cell viability than water extracts. Our experimental evidence suggests that these Hypericum extracts may be useful as antioxidant and cytotoxic agents.

An Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants With Antianxiety and Antidepressant Effects in Shahrekord

Anxiety and depression are two highly prevalent disorders in all human communities. The purpose of the present study was to report medicinal plant species that local people, according to their ethnobotanical knowledge, in Shahrekord use as antianxiety and antidepressant agents. The present ethnobotanical study was carried out to report and collect indigenous knowledge in the studied region in 2017 via face-to-face interviews and by using a questionnaire distributed among 29 traditional therapists. To this end, interviewers referred to respondents in person to elicit their pharmacological and ethnobotanical knowledge, and then register their viewpoints related to herbal medicine. The data extracted from the questionnaires were appropriately and meticulously tabulated, and data analysis was done by the Excel software. In this study, the formula below was used to calculate the frequency of plant use. Medicinal plants that are used as antianxiety and antidepressant drugs according to the ethnobotanical knowledge in Shahrekord include Fritillaria imperialis L., Ducrosia anethifolia L., Anchusa italyca Retz. (L.) DC., Dracocephalum multicaule, Stachys lavandulifolia, Thymus vulgaris, Tripleurospermum parviflorum L., Crataegus persica, Hypericum scabrum L., Valeriana officinalis, Centaurea cyanus, Rheum ribes L. and Melissa officinalis L are the most herbal plants effective on anxiety and depression on shahrekord ethno-botany.

Phytochemical compounds and antiradical, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of the extracts from Hypericum scabrum L. Flowers

Hypericum scabrum L. has been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases just as the other Hypericum species. In the present study, the antiradical, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of water and ethanol extracts of H. scabrum flowers were investigated. Their phytochemical contents and composition were also determined. The water and ethanol extracts are better scavenged ABTS (97.89 and 98.99%) and OH radicals (96.36 and 97.33%); the water extract is better scavenged DPPH radicals (91.66%) than the standard antioxidant BHA (94.33, 85.19, 90.16%, respectively). Flowers of H. scabrum contain flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamins and phytosterols, dominated by catechin, vanillic acid, vitamin K and ergosterol. The extracts exhibit a strong cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, HCT-116, and LNCaP cancer cell lines. It is found that their antimicrobial activities are higher than the standard antibiotics. These results indicate that H. scabrum flowers have potent antiradical, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.

Effects on Performance Values with Liver and Intestinal Weight of Taraxacum officinale L. and Hypericum scabrum L. Plant Extracts Feed Added to Heat Stress Broilers

Bu araştırma da, normal şartlar da ve ısı stresi altında yetiştirilen broilerlerin rasyonlarına Taraxacum officinale L.ve Hypericum scabrum L. ekstraktı katkısının Karaciğer+Bağırsak ağırlığı ile canlı ağırlık ve yemden yararlanma oranıüzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan Taraxacum officinale L. ve Hypericum scabrumL. bitkileri Erzurum ilinden toplanarak uygun şartlarda eksrakte edilerek yemlere ilave edildi. Hayvan materyali olarak96 adet Ross 308 erkek broiler civciv kullanılmıştır. Broiler civcivler rastgele seçilerek her grupta 16 civciv olacakşekilde, 4 tekerrürlü 6 gruba ayrıldı. Grupların 3’ü normal şartlarda bakılırken, 3 gruba da deneme periyodunun sadece15-30. günleri arasında 38-390c’de sıcaklık stresi (S) uygulandı. Birinci deneme grubun daki hayvanlar, herhangi birkatkı ilave edilmeyen (Bazal) yemle beslenerek kontrol (Grup K) grubu oluşturuldu. İkinci deneme grubun dakihayvanlara %0,1 oranında T. officinale L. ekstraktı katkılı yem verildi (Grup T). Üçüncü deneme grubun dakihayvanlara %0,1 oranında H. scrabum L. ekstraktı katkılı yem verildi (Grup H). Dördüncü deneme grubun dakihayvanlara sıcaklık stresi uygulanarak katkısız yem verildi (Grup K+S). Beşinci deneme grubun daki hayvanlarasıcaklık stresi uygulanarak % 0,1 oranında T. officinale L. ekstraktı katkılı yem verildi (Grup T+S). Altıncı denemegrubun daki hayvanlara sıcaklık stresi uygulanarak % 0,1 oranında H. scabrum L. ekstraktı katkılı yem verildi (GrupH+S). Çalışma 45 gün sürdü. Deneme sonu canlı ağırlıklarında Grup K, Grup T ve Grup H’ nin değerleri benzerolurken, Grup K ile sıcaklık stresi uygulanan tüm gruplarla arasındaki fark önemli olmuştur (p< 0.05). karaciğer veBağırsak ağırlıklarında da Grup K ve Grup T ile sıcaklık stresi uygulanan tüm gruplar arasındaki fark önemli olmuştur(p< 0.05). Sonuç olarak, broiler yemine katılan H. scrabum L. ve T. officinale L. ekstraktının ısı stresinin olumsuzetkileri üzerine herhangi bir olumlu etkisi olmamıştır.

Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum scabrum

Three new polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol derivatives (PPAPs), hyperibrins E–G (1–3), along with seven known compounds were identified from the air-dried aerial parts of Hypericum scabrum. Their structures were determined by NMR spectroscopic methods, both experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra and comparison with known compounds. Compound 1 was derived from an analogue of compound 2 by cyclization, while a retro-Claisen reaction transformed another analogue of compound 2 into compound 3. Compounds 3, 4, 5, and 10 showed obvious hepatoprotective activities against paracetamol-induced HepG2 cell damage.

Polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum scabrum

Fourteen phloroglucinols, named hyperciumoxide A-N, and a known compound were isolated from air-dried aerial parts of Hypericum scabrum. The structures of these compounds were deduced on the basis of extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments. Hepatoprotective properties against D-galactosamine-induced HL-7702 cell damage of isolated compounds were evaluated. Meanwhile, these compounds were also tested for antidepressant activity by inhibiting reuptake of tritiated serotonin ([3H]-5-HT) and Noradrenalinet ([3H]-NE) in rat brain synaptosomes.