Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale Scores Research Articles

Efficacy and safety of topical glycopyrronium bromide in treating axillary hyperhidrosis: systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundHyperhidrosis (HH), characterized by excessive sweating, poses a significant challenge to patients’ quality of life. This meta-analysis evaluates the safety and efficacy of topical glycopyrronium bromide (GBP) in treating primary hyperhidrosis, a chronic condition affecting various body regions. Despite its prevalence, primary axillary hyperhidrosis is often undertreated due to a lack of awareness and social stigma.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing GBP to a placebo in primary hyperhidrosis patients. Eligibility criteria included outcomes related to perspiration suppression and symptom improvement.ResultsFour RCTs involving 1401 patients were included. GBP significantly increased Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) responders (RR = 2.33, 95% CI [1.99 to 2.74], p < 0.00001) and Axillary Sweating Daily Diary (ASDD/ASDD-C) responders (MD = 3.07, 95% CI [2.32 to 4.06], p < 0.002) without significantly causing adverse events. Dermatology life quality index was also significantly improved in the GBP group (MD = -2.32, 95% CI [-3.09, -1.55], P < 0.00001).ConclusionGBP demonstrated effectiveness in reducing sweat production while improving HDSS and DLQI scores. Adverse events included dry mouth and anticholinergic effects. Dry eye and local skin reactions were not significant, which makes GBP promising in managing primary hyperhidrosis, offering improvements in symptoms and quality of life. While adverse events should be considered, further research with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-up is warranted for comprehensive clinical integration.

Assessing Botulinum Toxin Effectiveness and Quality of Life in Axillary Hyperhidrosis: A One-Year Prospective Study.

This study hypothesized that botulinum toxin (Botox) therapy would sustainably reduce sweat production in axillary hyperhidrosis patients over one year and significantly improve various quality-of-life aspects, including psychological well-being, social interactions, and daily functioning. The objectives were to quantitatively measure changes in sweat production and qualitatively assess the evolving impact on patients' quality of life over one year. Conducted prospectively at the Pius Brinzeu Clinical Emergency Hospital in Timisoara, Romania, this study complied with ethical standards and included adults with primary axillary hyperhidrosis unresponsive to conventional treatments. Participants underwent Botox injections and were evaluated at baseline, six months, and one year, using the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS), WHOQOL-BREF, and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), among other tools. Involving 81 patients, the study showed significant improvements in sweat production and quality-of-life metrics. Sweat production decreased from 0.81 g to 0.23 g per 15 min over one year (p < 0.001). HDSS scores reduced from 3.4 to 1.5, indicating a decrease in symptom severity (p < 0.001). The DLQI total score, assessing life quality impact, notably dropped from 19.9 to 6.9 (p < 0.001). Quality-of-life domains also showed significant improvements, especially in the social (from 65.3 to 73.4, p < 0.001) and environmental aspects (from 68.0 to 72.1, p < 0.001). Higher HDSS and sweat production were significantly associated with a lower quality of life on the DLQI (B coefficients of -4.1 and -2.5, respectively). Botulinum toxin therapy proved effective in reducing sweat production and improving the quality of life in axillary hyperhidrosis patients over a one-year period. These improvements were statistically significant in both physical and psychosocial domains. The study highlights the potential long-term benefits of Botox therapy for hyperhidrosis.

The success rate and associated risk factors of CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency sympathectomy in the treatment of primary hyperhidrosis: A retrospective observational trial

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the success rate of surgical technique and associated risk factors based on the follow-up of patients who underwent CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency sympathectomy (RFS) to treat primary hyperhidrosis (PH). Methods370 patients who underwent RFS for PH treatment between January 2018 and April 2022 were enrolled. Patients responded to a questionnaire and telephone follow-up on the effects of treatment and their electronic medical records and imaging findings were reviewed. Logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors related to the success rate of surgical technique. ResultsA temperature difference ≥2 °C before and after procedure was defined as a successful surgical technique. Among the 370 patients (740 sides), 637 sides had successful RFS, and the technical success rate was 86.1 %. Immediately after procedure, 636 sides (85.9 %) were completely dry, 64 (8.7 %) were partially dry, and 40 (5.4 %) were still wet. During the longest follow-up period (54 months), 103 patients relapsed. The median hyperhidrosis disease severity scale score on both sides decreased from 4 to 1 after RFS. According to logistic regression analysis, only the pre-post pulse index was associated with the success rate of surgical technique (odds ratio, 1.14; 95 % confidence interval, 1.06–1.23; p = 0.0004). ConclusionsWe observed that the immediate efficiency and success rate of surgical technique after RFS for PH treatment were relatively high, although there is a possibility of recurrence in the long term. In general, RFS is a safe and effective procedure for alleviating the symptoms of patients with hyperhidrosis.

Efficacy of 5% sofpironium bromide gel in Duchenne muscular dystrophy with palmoplantar hyperhidrosis: A retrospective case study.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe, progressive, muscle-wasting disease. Notably, several extramuscular manifestations and complications of advanced DMD, including skin disorders, are known. However, hyperhidrosis and its treatment have not been well-described in association with advanced DMD, therefore we aimed to confirm the efficacy of 5% sofpironium bromide gel in treating secondary hyperhidrosis in patients with advanced DMD. We retrospectively reviewed patients with advanced DMD who underwent treatment with 5% sofpironium bromide gel. All patients were evaluated using the hyperhidrosis disease severity scale (HDSS) score and by measuring the gravimetric weight of palmar and/or plantar sweat. Three patients with advanced DMD were treated and the patients were aged 28, 31, and 32 years, respectively. Their HDSS scores showed a decreasing tendency within 5 weeks after treatment. In addition, all patients had a decreased gravimetric weight of palmar and/or plantar sweat, and the mean decrease rate of palmar sweat at 7 weeks after treatment was 53.7%. One patient had skin dryness on both soles, but no serious adverse events were observed. Treatment using 5% sofpironium bromide gel showed beneficial efficacy against palmoplantar hyperhidrosis in patients with advanced DMD. These findings warrant further investigation in future studies.

The application of microwaves in axillary hyperhidrosis: Curative effect observation of a pathological examination over 1 year.

In Asia, axillary hyperhidrosis is a frequent problem for many people, and the consequent excessive sweating can seriously affect many aspects of daily life and even lead to mental disorders. Microwave therapy is a new, non-invasive treatment method for axillary hyperhidrosis, whose energy and long-term effectiveness still needs to be clinically validated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, histological changes, and psychological status of microwave devices in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis and osmidrosis. We conducted a prospective self-controlled study in a top-tier Chinese hospital. After a 5/5 energy treatment session, a skin biopsy was taken to observe histological changes both before and after treatment. An iodine starch test was used to determine the sweating range. We evaluated symptoms of improved efficacy using the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) and assessed changes in life status with the DLQI. In the case of concurrent underarm odor, odor-5, VAS, and Young-Jin Park grading were used to assess odor relief. The effect of odor on psychology was assessed by using a psychological status symptom checklist (scl-90). The study period was 1 year. We observed 20 patients in this study. Of those, 90% met the primary treatment endpoint of a decrease in axillary hyperhidrosis symptomatology to below grade 2 on the HDSS score (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 75% of patients achieved a treatment endpoint of at least 50% reduction in VAS (p < 0.001). 70% of patients achieved a treatment endpoint of at least 50% reduction in odor-5 (p < 0.001). The iodine starch test showed that the region decreased 99% from the baseline to 12 months after follow-up had ended (p < 0.001). Eight patients volunteered to undergo histological examination; their average light density of immunohistochemistry decreased from 1.04 (0.4-2.11) to 0.07 (0.04-0.46; p < 0.05). The immunohistochemical positive number for sweat glands was initially 104 (59.75-132.5) but was 41.5 (29.75-62) after the procedure. None of the patients experienced any serious adverse reactions. The treatment demonstrated high effectiveness, safety, and short-lived adverse reactions.

Therapeutic Effectiveness of Needle Injection Versus Needle-Free Jet Injector System for Botulinum Toxin Type a in Palmar Hyperhidrosis.

The most important problem with local injections of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in palmar hyperhidrosis is pain during the injections. We evaluated therapeutic effectiveness and pain of local injections of BTX-A using needle-free direct administration system. We performed BTX-A local injection therapy using a conventional injection needle in the left hand and a needle-free direct administration system in the right hand. A reduction in the quantity of perspiration was observed 4 weeks after administration of both Needle and Needle-free BTX-A, and reduction was maintained throughout 28 weeks observation period. Both hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale scores and Dermatology Life Quality Index for hands treated with Needle BTX-A and hands treated with Needle-free BTX-A had decreased significantly by 4 weeks after treatment. Pain visual analog scale scores and the degree of pain were significantly lower in hands treated with Needle-free BTX-A than in hands treated with Needle BTX-A. When the trigger of the pressurized needle-free injector device is activated, the gas powered driving pressure propels BTX-A through an orifice (0.13 mm) about four times narrower than a 30 G needle at very high speed. As most pain occurs during the needle prick itself, the advantage of a small orifice coupled with high-speed penetration of BTX-A through the pressurized device results in reduced pain during administration. The needle-free direct administration system administers the injectate under the skin without a visible needle.

Patients' satisfaction after bilateral thoracoscopic sympathicolysis.

Palmar hyperhidrosis is a distressing condition implicating individuals' social life and self-esteem. Surgery has proven to be highly effective with excellent safety profile. However, compensatory hyperhidrosis (CH), a relatively common adverse event of the procedure, is sometimes problematic in a few patients. A questionnaire, including Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS), was designed to assess the overall satisfaction of patients who underwent bilateral endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy between November 2018 and July 2021. They were requested to respond to the questionnaire before surgery and during the follow-up visits. Sixty-three patients were recruited, 37 males and 26 females. The age of the participants ranged from 6 to 27 years (mean 17.05 ± 5.55 years). Most patients reported a positive impact on their professional and social life. Two patients experienced significant compensatory hyperhydrosis impacting their daily life. There was a significant improvement of the HDSS score after surgery. Around 95.2% of the participants (n = 60) had three-point improvement indicating 80% reduction of sweat production. : Bilateral endoscopic thoracoscopic sympathectomy has shown a high success rate with low adverse events. CH, however, remains a significant cause of morbidity in few patients. Therefore, continuous evaluation of patients' satisfaction is of utmost importance to help improve our understanding to risk factors and prevalence of CH, improve our techniques to minimise its occurrence and treat patients with distressing symptoms. These data will guide surgeons when counselling patients to make insightful decisions based on the benefits and risks of the procedure.

Comparison of the Efficacy of Tap Water Iontophoresis Versus Aluminum Chloride Hexahydrate in the Treatment of Palmoplantar Hyperhidrosis.

To compare the efficacy of tap water iontophoresis (TWI) versus aluminum chloride (AC) hexahydrate in the treatment of palmoplantar hyperhidrosis. The study was a randomized control trial performed at the dermatology department of Pakistan Navy Station (PNS) Shifa Hospital, Karachi from March 2022 to September 2022. A total of 70 palmoplantar hyperhidrosis patients were included in the study after getting approval from the ethical committee. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A patients were treated with TWIthree times a week for four weeks. Group B patients were treated with a 20% ACtopical solution applied at night to the affected areas for four weeks. The Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) score for both groups was calculated at baseline, one, two, three, and four weeks. The final response was labeled at four weeks by comparing mean HDSS reduction in both groups. SPSS version 28 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used for data analysis. Mean HDSS was compared for both groups at the end of the study, which showed a significant reduction in the mean score from 3.40 ± 0.65 to 1.48 ± 0.78 in group A, as compared to a decline in scores in group B from 3.28 ± 0.67 to 2.14 ± 0.94 (p = 0.002). In group A, zero, one, two, and three points HDSS improvement was 2.9%, 25.7%, 48.6%, and 22.9%, respectively. Whereas in group B, it was 34.3%, 22.9%, 34.3%, and 8.6%, respectively (p = 0.001). As compared to AC topical solution, TWI is an effective, safe, and inexpensive management option for palmoplantar hyperhidrosis. It causes more improvement in HDSS scores and has lesser side effects.

Two-week prospective observational study of 5% sofpironium bromide gel in Japanese patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis.

In 2020, 5% sofpironium bromide (ECCLOCK®) gel (hereinafter referred to as sofpironium) was approved in Japan for the topical treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis. A phase III study of sofpironium demonstrated the efficacy and safety of sofpironium; however, no study has assessed its early efficacy at <6 weeks after starting treatment. Therefore, to assess the earlier effectiveness of sofpironium, we conducted a 2‐week, single‐center, exploratory, prospective, observational study in Japanese patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis. Patients aged ≥20 years and satisfying with a Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) score of 3 or 4 at baseline were eligible for the study. The primary endpoint for the effectiveness was change in the proportion of patients with a HDSS score of 1, 2, 3, or 4 during the 2‐week study period. In 80 patients included in the full analysis set (FAS), there were more women than men (93.8% vs. 6.3%), and the mean age (±standard deviation [SD]) was 33.3 ± 9.4 years. In the FAS, the proportion of patients with a HDSS score of 1 or 2 was 55.0% on day 7, and statistically significant changes were observed after day 3 compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Mean HDSS scores (±SD) were significantly decreased from baseline value of 3.5 ± 0.5 to 2.4 ± 0.9 on day 7 (p < 0.001). The median period for sofpironium treatment to achieve a HDSS score of 1 or 2 for a continuous 2 days was 6 days (95% confidence interval, 4–8). Safety was evaluated in 92 patients in the safety analysis set, and no adverse events were reported during the study period of 2 weeks. These results suggest that after 1‐week treatment with sofpironium for patients with a HDSS score of 3 or 4, approximately 50% of the patients can achieve a HDSS score of 1 or 2, which is a clinically significant improvement for the patients.

Efficacy, Safety and Quality of Life of Oxybutynin versus Aluminum Chloride Hexahydrate in Treating Primary Palmar Hyperhidrosis.

Palmar hyperhidrosis is characterized by excessive sweating beyond the physiological needs of the patient's body and the most frequent form is primary or essential. Different treatments protocols have been proposed to control or decrease sweating. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of oral oxybutynin versus topical aluminum chloride hexahydrate (ACH) in treating primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Also, to assess quality of life (QOL) as a measure of improvement of hyperhidrosis state. Patients were randomized using the block randomization with sealed envelope method into two treatment groups; oral oxybutynin group and topical ACH group. Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) was used as a primary outcome measure to assess the efficacy of the drug in both groups. Clinical grading and the QOL were used as secondary outcome measures. The safety was evaluated by recording side effects in the follow-up visits. HDSS, clinical grading and QOL score showed a statistically significant improvement in the oral oxybutynin groups. One week after stoppage of treatment, the symptoms recurred again in both groups with return of HDSS and QOL scores to pretreatment levels. The most common side effects were dry mouth (65.8%) and itching (65.0%) for oral oxybutynin group and topical ACH group; respectively. Treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis with oxybutynin is a good initial alternative for treatment given that it gives better results and much more improvement in QOL when compared to topical ACH. QOL questionnaire and clinical grading should also be considered as useful tools in the assessment of response to treatment.

Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy for the Treatment of Hyperhidrosis

Background: Although hyperhidrosis is regarded as a benign sympathetic disorder, it can have a significant psychosocial impact on affected individuals while markedly affecting their quality of life (QoL). Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effects of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) on the treatment of primary hyperhidrosis and patients’ QoL). Methods: This prospective interventional study included patients with primary hyperhidrosis referred to Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, for ETS during 2012-2019. General characteristics including age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded for all patients. All participants underwent ETS by a single experienced surgeon. Patients were evaluated twice; once before the procedure and once one month after the procedure. The sites of hyperhidrosis, Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS), and QoL were the evaluated variables. Patients’ satisfaction, compensatory hyperhidrosis, and procedural complications such as pneumothorax were also assessed on follow-up. Results: From the 47 patients evaluated in this study with a mean ± SD age of 28.2±1.21 years, 27 (57.4%) were men. No patient experienced compensatory hyperhidrosis and procedural complications after the procedure. Also, 45 (95.7%) patients were 100% satisfied and 2 (4.3%) were 90% satisfied with the procedure. There was a significant reduction in the number of hyperhidrosis sites and HDSS score after one month compared with baseline (P=0.006 and P&lt;0.001, respectively). Moreover, the QoL significantly improved after the procedure (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: ETS appears to be very safe and effective for the treatment of primary hyperhidrosis in terms of the reduction of hyperhidrosis sites and HDSS score, as well as improving QoL and patient satisfaction.

The efficacy and safety of a fractional microneedle radiofrequency device for the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis: clinical prospective pilot study.

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fractional microneedle radiofrequency device (FMRD) for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis (PAH). The FMRD adopted insulated microneedles, which could be located at a depth of up to 4.5mm and deliver a radiofrequency current in a fractional manner. Also, the device could automatically regulate the amount of the delivered energy. Sixteen Korean patients with PAH received two FMRD treatment sessions at a 3-week interval and were followed-up until week 15. The primary outcome was Patient Satisfaction Scale (PSS) score at each visit. Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) were also assessed. The area and amount of sweat produced were evaluated by specific tests. Mean PSS score significantly improved from 1.6 at week 3 to 2.5 at week 15 by 56%. More than a 50% improvement in sweating assessed by the PSS score was seen in 63% and 50% of patients at weeks 11 and 15, respectively. Mean HDSS score significantly decreased by week 3 and further decreased by week 7. Mean GAIS scores improved from the first follow-up visit at week 3 and improved again at week 7. The mean hyperhidrosis area assessed by starch-iodine test significantly decreased by 36% at week 15 compared with baseline. Mean transepidermal water loss level significantly decreased by 42% at week 15 compared with baseline. No patients experienced any serious adverse events. FMRD can be an effective and safe treatment modality for PAH.

Bilateral one-stage single-port sympathicotomy in primary focal hyperhidrosis, a prospective cohort study: treat earlier?

BackgroundPrimary Focal Hyperhidrosis (PFH) has a detrimental effect on Quality of Life. Repetitive, non-curative symptomatic strategies dominate current treatment of PFH, in spite of the availability of an effective and permanent curative treatment like Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy (ETS). Current surgical optimization may allow for a re-established position of sympathetic modulation in this treatment algorithm. We sought to evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and long-term results of a Bilateral One-stage Single-port Sympathicotomy (BOSS) procedure in PFH patients and to identify subgroups benefitting most.MethodsProspective analysis of 163 patients, 35 (21.5%) underwent Rib-3 (R3) BOSS for palmar PFH, 58 (35.6%) R3-R5 BOSS for axillary PFH and 70 (42.9%) R3-R5 BOSS for combined palmar/axillary PFH. Effectiveness was measured using Skindex-29 and the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS).ResultsOverall Skindex-29-rating (46.5 ± 14.8 preoperatively vs 20.1 ± 20.6 postoperatively, p < 0.001), and HDSS score (3.71 ± 0.45 preoperatively vs 1.82 ± 0.86 postoperatively, p < 0.001) indicated a significant improvement in health-related quality of life after BOSS. R3 BOSS was superior to R3-R5 BOSS in terms of HDSS score (1.49 vs 1.91 respectively, p = 0.004) and in terms of severe compensatory hyperhidrosis, a frequently reported side-effect (17.1% vs 32.8% respectively, p < 0.001). No major complications occurred.ConclusionsBOSS is safe, effective, and offers a long-term curative solution in the treatment of PFH. Especially in the palmar PFH subgroup, R3 BOSS treatment results compare favorably to the treatment results of non-curative alternatives published in the current literature. Therefore, R3 BOSS should be offered to all patients with severe PFH, reporting insufficient benefit of treatment options such as oral and/or local agents.

Cost-effectiveness of topical glycopyrronium tosylate for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis

Aims Primary axillary hyperhidrosis (PAHH) is a condition characterized by excessive sweating that negatively impacts health-related quality of life, with significant psychological and social impacts. Glycopyrronium tosylate (GT) is a topical anticholinergic approved in the United States for treatment of PAHH in patients 9 years of age and older. Our objective was to assess the cost-effectiveness of GT as first-line topical therapy compared to topical aluminum chloride from a United States commercial perspective. Materials and methods A Markov model was developed consisting of four health states based on the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) over a time horizon of 5 years with discount rates of 3% for both costs and outcomes. Transitions between health states were driven by HDSS response, defined as an improvement of ≥2 points. Non-responders and those who discontinue could switch to later line treatments or no treatment. Health utility scores were based on HDSS scores, supported by published literature. Results Over 5 years, GT yielded 0.12 greater QALYs and 0.93 greater LYs with response compared to treatment with prescription aluminum chloride at an incremental cost of $10,584. Relative to prescription aluminum chloride, GT resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $87,238 per QALY gained, $11,349 per LY with response. The ICER fell below $100,000 for 66% of probabilistic sensitivity analysis simulations and below $150,000 for 82% of simulations. Limitations This analysis represents a simplified scenario of a hypothetical PAHH patient. Due to sparse data, assumptions were required for treatment patterns, efficacy, and persistence. Conclusion Based on the analysis of incremental cost per QALY gained, GT may be cost-effective relative to prescription aluminum chloride at commonly accepted willingness to pay thresholds.

A case series evaluating microwave-based therapy for axillary hyperhidrosis and bromhidrosis

Introduction Axillary hyperhidrosis and bromhidrosis have serious social, emotional, and professional consequences. There are several treatments of axillary hyperhidrosis. We present a case series evaluating the efficacy and safety of microwave device for axillary hyperhidrosis and bromhidrosis. Materials and methods Seven patients were included in our case series. Four patients had both hyperhidrosis and bromhidrosis. Three patients had only hyperhidrosis. To evaluate the degree of hyperhidrosis and degree bromhidrosis a self-reported Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) score and 4-point malodor grade were assessed. All patients underwent 1 or 2 microwave treatments. Patients underwent a survey on treatment outcomes and adverse effect conducted through telephone 12 months after their last procedure. Results Six of seven patients had a 2-point drop in HDSS score. The four patients with bromhidrosis had a 2-point drop on the self-reported malodor measurement 12 months post treatment. Minor adverse effects related to the therapy occurred. Conclusion This novel microwave-based treatment was effective for the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis and bromhidrosis. Patient satisfaction with the procedure is high, and adverse events are typically transient and well tolerated.

Oxybutynin in primary hyperhidrosis: A long-term real-life study.

Hyperhidrosis is a condition of excessive sweating beyond physiological parameters that can seriously impair quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the oral oxybutynin effectiveness in hyperhidrosis, besides its tolerance and safety. In a real-life long-term study, 30 patients with primary hyperhidrosis and Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) with score of at least two were submitted to a questionnaire to assess demographic data, HDSS and side effects of oxybutynin. Most patients were women (n = 23, 76.7%), median age was 40 years (range 12-70, SD 17.5) and 17(56.7%) had family history of hyperhidrosis. The most common hyperhidrosis form was axillary (n = 15, 50.0%), followed by palmoplantar (n = 8, 26.7%), cranio-facial (n = 11, 36.7%) and trunk (n = 5, 16.7%). Median duration of treatment was 2.4 years (range 1-6 years, SD 1.3). Thus, all patients used oxybutynin for at least 1 year, 30% for 2 years, 20% 3 years, 17% 4 years, and 3% 6 years. There was a significant improvement in HDSS score of patients (P < .001). This real life study suggests that oxybutynin is effective and safe for treatment of hyperhidrosis, both in children and adults, with mild and tolerable side effects, with significant improvement in HDSS.

Pressure-and dose-controlled, needle-free, transcutaneous pneumatic injection of botulinum neurotoxin-A for the treatment of primary axillary and palmoplantar hyperhidrosis.

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) effectively downregulates the secretion of eccrine sweat glands in patients with axillary and palmoplantar primary hyperhidrosis (PH). To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of pressure- and dose-controlled, needle-free, transcutaneous pneumatic injection (TPI) of BoNT-A for treating axillary and palmoplantar PH. Needleless TPI-BoNT-A treatments were delivered on the axillary or palmoplantar skin at a pneumatic pressure of 2.05 bars and an injection volume of 0.08mL/shot. The efficacy thereof was assessed by evaluating starch-iodine test results and Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) scores. At baseline, median HDSS scores were 3 (IQR, 3-4) for axillary lesions and 4 (IQR, 3.5-4) for palmoplantar lesions. Median HDSS scores at 1month after TPI-BoNT-A treatment significantly decreased to 1 (IQR, 1-1.75) for axillary lesions (P<.001) and 1 (IQR, 1-2) for palmoplantar lesions (P<.001). Median global improvement scale scores were 4 (IQR, 3.25-4) for axillary PH and 3 (IQR, 2.5-4) for palmoplantar PH (P>.05). In all patients, pain was tolerable during treatments for both axillary and palmoplantar PH after the application of topical anesthetic cream. Pressure- and dose-controlled, needle-free, BoNT delivery effectively and safely decreased sweating in axillary and palmoplantar skin.

C-Arm Guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Thoracic Sympathectomy for Treatment of Primary Palmar Hyperhidrosis in Comparison with Local Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection, Randomized Trial

Background: Hyperhidrosis is a disorder associated with detrimental effects on patients’ quality of life, occupational activities, and social interactions. Objectives: This study compares C-arm guided percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation of the second and third thoracic sympathetic ganglions and local intradermal botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection for the treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis. It focuses on clinical effectiveness, patient satisfaction, quality of life, safety, and the time at which repetition of the procedure is needed over one-year follow-up. Study Design: This is a randomized single-blinded trial. Setting: This study took place in a single hospital. Methods: Eighty patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis were randomly assigned to one of 2 interventions: local intradermal BTX-A injection (n = 40) or C-arm guided percutaneous RF ablation (n = 40). The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire and the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) were used for assessment at one week, one month, and 2, 6, and 12 months after intervention. The number of patients who required repetition of the procedure later on and the time at which they needed it were recorded, and possible side effects were assessed. Results: HDSS scores in the RF group were statistically significantly lower than in the BTX-A group at one week, one month, and 2, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. DLQI scores in the RF group were statistically significantly lower than in the BTX-A group at 6- and 12-month follow-up, whereas at one week, one month, and 2 months of follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups. The number of patients who required that the procedure be repeated was statistically significantly lower in the RF group than in the BTX-A group. The time at which patients needed repetition of the procedure in the BTX-A group was about 3 to 7 months after the first intervention. All patients in this group showed an increase in HDSS scores within this one-year followup. In the RF group, however, only one patient complained of increased HDSS scores after 8 months. There was no statistically significant difference in side effects between both groups. Limitations: The first limitation of this study is that results were based on subjective scales. The second is the radiation exposure associated with the technique described. Conclusions: This study supports percutaneous C-arm guided RF ablation of the second and third thoracic sympathetic ganglions and local intradermal BTX-A injection as safe, effective options and rapid lines of treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis. However, percutaneous RF ablation proved to be more effective, with longer effectiveness time and better patient satisfaction, compared to local intradermal BTX-A injection.

Topical Botulinum Toxin Type A Liposomal Cream for Primary Axillary Hyperhidrosis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Split-Site, Vehicle-Controlled Study.

Despite its effectiveness in treating primary axillary hyperhidrosis (PAH), topical botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is highly resistant to transdermal absorption. Topical BTX-A liposomal cream is recommended as a novel, noninvasive modality to enhance skin penetration. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical BTX-A liposomal cream in comparison with liposomal vehicle cream alone in the treatment of PAH. A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, split-site study was conducted in 20 subjects, aged 18 to 50 years, all of whom had symmetrical axillary sweating with Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale scores between 2 to 4. All subjects were double-blinded to treatment regimens and randomly given 2 bottles, one containing topical BTX-A liposomal cream and one containing the vehicle cream without BTX-A, to be applied consistently to the same axilla nightly for 7 consecutive days. Clinical improvement and adverse reactions were evaluated at every follow-up visit. Axillary skin treated with topical BTX-A demonstrated superior sweat reduction and patient satisfaction to vehicle cream-treated axillary skin, with clinical and statistical significance, at baseline, weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 of follow-up, without adverse effects. Topical BTX-A liposomal cream pharmaceutically enhances drug delivery, is painless, cost-effective, and overall an innovative treatment of PAH.

Survival study of treatment adherence by patients given oral oxibutynin for hyperhidrosis.

In recent years, increasing use has been made of oral anticholinergics such as oxybutynin for the management of hyperhidrosis. The primary aim of this study is to determine the variables associated with adherence to this treatment, and secondarily to obtain data on its effectiveness, safety and adverse effects. This is a prospective study of patients with hyperhidrosis, at any location, receiving treatment with oral oxybutynin in the period 2007-2016. Epidemiological variables, treatment details, effectiveness and adverse effects were recorded. Effectiveness was determined according to the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) at baseline, at 3 and 12 months and in successive visits. A descriptive analysis was performed, and Cox's bivariate and multivariate regressions were calculated to determine the variables associated with treatment adherence. A total of 201 patients (140 women) with a mean age of 34 years were included. The mean initial HDSS score was 3.8, and the median follow-up period was 29 months. At 3 months, 84.57% of the patients had responded to treatment (excellent response: 72.94%), but adverse effects were reported by 68.2%. At 12 months, 54.23% had responded (excellent response: 79.82%), with adverse effects in 75.2%. The main variable associated with greater adherence was affected areas: palms of the hands and soles of the feet. The following variables were associated with poorer adherence: onset of hyperhidrosis in adolescence, failure to provide an incrementally increasing, individualized dose, initial HDSS score of 3 and partial initial response. The multivariate analysis confirmed the association between the onset of hyperhidrosis during adolescence, the failure to provide a progressively increasing dose and palmar affectation. This study was conducted to identify the variables associated with adherence to treatment by hyperhidrosis patients treated with oral oxybutynin. This information would facilitate selection of patients for this treatment and enhance our understanding of the biological behaviour of such anticholinergics when used to treat hyperhidrosis.