Hypercholesterolemic Rats Research Articles

Effects of Fortification Stirred Yoghurt with Red Beet Powder (RBP) on Hypercholesterolemia Rats

The effects of stirred yoghurt fortified with red beet powder (RBP) on hypercholesterolemia rats were investigated during this study. Flavored yoghurts were evaluated for fibers and total phenolic compounds, identification of phenolic compounds of reed beet (RBP) powder. The chemical composition, physicochemical and rheological properties, color measurements and sensory evaluation of resultant yoghurt were evaluated. Thirty male rats were separated into 5 groups, group one negative control, as the other groups were organized hypercholesterolemia groups for two weeks after that, divided to 4 subgroups chase the 1st subgroup present while, positive control, the 2nd subgroup was fed on stirred yoghurt ,the 3rd and the 4th subgroups were given stirred yoghurt containing red beet powder at levels (1% and 2%) respectively. The results revealed that beet root powder had 7.5% fiber and high amount of total phenolic 12.18 mg/g. The level of phenolic compound in RBP there was a large difference with the identified components. The TS content of stirred yoghurt fortified with red beet powder (RBP) was increased by increasing the percentage added and increase the protein content. While the fat content decreasing. Generally, the higher per cent resulted in increasing viscosity value of yoghurt. Stirred yoghurt containing RBP had significant deferent of colour measurements and improved yoghurt properties for overall acceptability. Also, stirred yoghurt containing of RBP had significant different decreasing in organ weights (heart, liver and kidney) of the experimental rats. This study in all rats’ groups fed on stirred yoghurt containing of RBP decreasing of blood lipid profile (T.G, T.C and LDL-c values) and significantly increased the HDL cholesterol. On the other hand, results illustrated of positive group significant increase in liver enzymes (ALT, AST) and (uric acid and creatinine) kidney functions compared with yoghurt containing of RBP which decreased. The histopathological examination of heart, liver and kidney demonstrated more or less normalized in the rat’s groups fed on stirred yoghurt containing RBP compared to the positive group. Thus, the study descriptions that stirred yoghurt containing RBP have rich phenolic compounds and protect against hypercholesterolemia diseases.

Effect of Spicy Fast Foods and Red Chili Powder on Liver Status of Hypercholesterolemic Rats

Effect of Spicy Fast Foods and Red Chili Powder on Liver Status of Hypercholesterolemic Rats

Role of drenched barley in improving cerebral structure and function in hypercholesterolemic albino rat dam

High cholesterol diet was responsible for metabolic disease development that considers one of the public health problems. However, there is a little information about the impact of barley supplementation on hypercholesterolemia associated cerebral damage. Sixty virgin female albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing 100 g body weight were used and categorized into four groups (control, barley, a hypercholesterolemic diet with/without barley). The hypercholesterolemic females ingested a high cholesterol diet (3% cholesterol) for four months before conception and throughout gestation and lactation period. Dams of the studied groups were sacrificed at the third week-postpartum. Cerebrum was removed and processed for histopathological, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemical investigations. Assessments of antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, neurotransmitters and interleukins levels were carried out. The present findings showed that the ingestion of drenched barley to mothers fed on a high cholesterol diet decreased lipid peroxidation, and decreased inflammatory markers coincides with increased assayed both antioxidant enzymes and neurotransmitters. These were reflected in the histological picture as well as increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen and decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemically. The authors concluded that drenched barley contains essential nutrients and flavonoids which increased the antioxidant defense facilitated to improve the drastic damage induced by a high cholesterol diet on cerebral neurons and restored their functional activity.

Probable Protective Effect of Exogenous Administration of Growth Hormone on Age –induced Hypercholesterolemia in Rats.

Background: Aging is an inevitable biological process accompanied by many metabolic changes such as hypercholesterolemia that increased risk of cardiovascular disease in elderly. It was reported that growth hormone GH substitution contributes to dyslipidemia improvement by modulating expression of LDL R. To our knowledge, no clarified distinguished mechanisms have been puplished yet . Objectives: To test the hypothesis that GH would improve age induced hypercholesterolemia by over expression of LDL-R m RNA . Also, to distinguish its effects on the inflammatory response and the oxidative state that may clarify the mediating mechanisms. Material& method: thirty male albino rats were divided into three groups (10 rats each): adult control, aging group, GH aged treated groups. At the end of experiment, retro-orbital blood samples were taken for estimation, lipid parameters and serum amyloid a then liver were removed for measurement of tissue catalase and LDL-R mRNA real time. Results: The present study revealed that aging worsened lipid profile. Fortunately GH substitution leads to lipid profile improvement. These metabolic changes might assert to oxidative state and inflammatory response improvement accompanying apparent LDL-R mRNA real time. Conclusion: GH supplementation can positively modulate the lipid profile in aging through modifying effect on the inflammatory response , anti-oxidant state and over expression of hepatic LDL-R . The clinical inferences of these results require further investigations.

Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum HT121 on serum lipid profile, gut microbiota, and liver transcriptome and metabolomics in a high-cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemia rat model.

The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of Lactobacillus plantarum HT121 on serum lipid profile, gut microbiota, and liver transcriptome and metabolomics. L. plantarum HT121 was selected by screening of acid and bile salt tolerance and cholesterol assimilation assay. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups and fed the respective diets for 7 wk: normal chow diet (NCD), high-cholesterol diet (HCD), and high-cholesterol diet plus L. plantarum HT121 (HT121). After 7 wk, blood lipid profile was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gut microbiota was determined by 16 S rRNA sequencing, gene expression, and bile acids in liver were detected by transcriptome and metabolomics, respectively. L. plantarum HT121 feeding decreased serum triacylglycerols (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and increased serum high-density lipoprotein levels. HT121 treatment increased the α-diversity in the HT121 group to a level close to that in the NCD group, and restored the genera of Adlercreutzia, Mucispirillum, Ruminococcus, Clostridium, Blautia, Roseburia, and Akkermansia to levels similar to those in the NCD group. Furthermore, the high-cholesterol diet decreased taurocholic acid (TCA) and increased taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) and glycocholic acid (GCA) in the liver; all these changes were reversed by HT121 treatment, bringing the levels close to those in the NCD group. Finally, HT121 treatment increased expression of bile secretion-related genes Cyp7 a1 in rat liver, which was positively correlated with TG, Clostridium, and GCA. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that TGs, TC, and LDL were positively correlated with the relative abundance of genera of Blautia, Clostridium, and Roseburia, and levels of bile acid glycocholic acid, and inversely correlated with the relative abundance of Ruminococcus and Mucispirillum. L. plantarum HT121 can improve serum lipid profiles in a high-fat diet-induced rat model, which may be attributed to alteration in gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.

Lipid lowering efficacy of fraxetin, a coumarin derivative on high fat diet induced hypercholesterolemic rats

Lipid lowering efficacy of fraxetin, a coumarin derivative on high fat diet induced hypercholesterolemic rats

Effects of Lactobacillus paragasseri Y20 on cholesterol-lowering, intestinal microbiota and liver metabolism in rats with hypercholesterolaemia

To evaluate the cholesterol-lowering effects of Lactobacillus paragasseri Y20 on rats with high cholesterol diet and its effect on the gut microbiota of rats, and to explore the potential mechanism of Lactobacillus paragasseri regulating hypercholesterolemia in rats. Thirty rats were randomly divided into three groups and were treated with normal diet, high cholesterol diet+PBS, and high cholesterol diet+Lactobacillus paragasseri Y20, respectively. After five consecutive weeks of treatment, serum lipids were measured by ELISA. Rat feces were collected and DNA was extracted for 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis. Rat livers were collected and analyzed for non-targeted metabolites using high performance liquid chromatography. Compared with the high-cholesterol model group, Lactobacillus paragasseri Y20 treatment could reduce the serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein concentrations and increase the high-density lipoprotein concentration in rats. High-cholesterol diet decreased the intestinal flora diversity and richness of rats, while Y20 intervention can effectively restore the change of intestinal flora of high-cholesterol rats. High cholesterol dietsmainly caused the changes in the relative abundance in phylum of Firmicutes, Deferribacteres, Verrucomicrobia, and Proteobacteria, increasing Akkermansia, Clostridium_III, and Clostridium_XIVbgenera, and decreasing the intestinimonasgenus. However, Y20 intervention restored the diversity of gut microbiota and alteration in relative abundance of these bacteria caused by high-cholesterol diet. Y20 could effectively decrease the higher relative abundance of Akkermansiahigh-cholesterol diet. Lactobacillus paragasseri Y20 can alleviate hypercholesterolemia in rats, regulate the gut microbiotadiversity and composition and affect liver metabolism in hypercholesterol rats.

Hempseed (Cannabis sativa) lipid fractions alleviate high-fat diet-induced fatty liver disease through regulation of inflammation and oxidative stress

Diet and lifestyle-induced dysregulated lipid metabolism have been implicated in fatty liver disease. Chronic redox modulation and hepatic inflammation are key pathological mediators and hallmarks of fatty liver disease associated liver steatosis and steatohepatitis. In this context, owing to the beneficial phytochemical properties such as optimal omega-6: omega-3 PUFA ratio of hempseed, we aimed to explore its potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced experimental model of fatty liver disease. The hempseed lipid fractions (HEMP) were prepared and their ameliorating effects on HFD induced morphological changes, lipid profiles, liver function markers (LFT), markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were studied. Results indicated that HEMP administration to hypercholesterolemic rats resolved the morphological, histopathological, and biochemical indicators of fatty liver diseases. Further, the mechanistic evidence revealed that these hepatoprotective effects of HEMP are mediated through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators such as Cox-2, hPGDS, mPGES, IL-4, TNF-α and sEH. In conclusion, current study suggests the plausible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role of HEMP in alleviating pathophysiological conditions including fatty liver disease, where oxidative stress and inflammation are key mediators.

Local Condiment, Iru, Obtained from the Fermentation of Parkia biglobosa Seed Substantially Reduced the Serum Cholesterol Level of Wister Rats.

Hypercholesterolaemia is one of the risk factors in coronary heart disease. Hence, this research was designed to investigate the effect of iru on cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolaemic rats. The fermented condiment iru was produced naturally and with starter cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, and Leuconostoc sp.. The hypercholesterolaemic rats were fed a diet supplemented with iru for 28 days, and total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were determined before and after feeding. Cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolaemic rats (100.80 mg/dL) were reduced to 56.99∼80.21 mg/dL after feeding with iru supplementation while rats not placed on the iru diet had cholesterol levels of 119 mg/dL. There were also significant reductions (P<0.05) in serum TG (78.77∼32.57 mg/dL) and LDL (28.43∼6.63 mg/dL) levels in rats fed the iru diet compared with the control (63.36 mg/dL). Higher and significantly different (P<0.05) HDL was found in rats fed with iru fermented with L. plantarum (44.01 mg/dL) while the least was found in the untreated group (28.93 mg/dL). The results from this study suggest that supplementing the diet with iru obtained by the fermentation of Parkia biglobosa seeds may significantly reduce cholesterol level in the blood stream.

Milk improves cholesterol homoeostasis by protecting liver against oxidative damage in hypercholesterolemic rats

Milk improves cholesterol homoeostasis by protecting liver against oxidative damage in hypercholesterolemic rats

The Influence of Unripe Plantain Processing on The Lipid Profile and Liver Biomarkers in Hypercholesterolemic Rats

The Influence of Unripe Plantain Processing on The Lipid Profile and Liver Biomarkers in Hypercholesterolemic Rats

Malted Barley Improved the Structure and Function of Gastrocnemius Muscle of Hypercholesterolemic Mother Rats and their Offspring

Malted Barley Improved the Structure and Function of Gastrocnemius Muscle of Hypercholesterolemic Mother Rats and their Offspring

High cholesterol diet promotes dysfunction of arginase and cholinergic enzymatic system in rats: ameliorative role of caffeic and chlorogenic acids.

Dietary phenolic compounds intake have been reported to have an inverse relationship to the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of caffeic acid (CFA) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) on rats fed with high cholesterol diet (HCD). Experimental animals were fed with high cholesterol diet (HCD) for a period of 21days while simvastatin (0.2mg/kg BWT), CFA and CGA (10 and 15mg/kg BWT) were administered daily. Activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and arginase were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the rats fed with HCD alone. Also, level of malondiadehyde equivalent compounds (MDA) was significantly (P<0.05) elevated in hypercholesterolemic rats. Nevertheless, treatment with simvastatin, CFA and CGA normalized altered AChE, BChE and arginase activities as well as improved antioxidant status in hypercholesterolemic rats. CFA and CGA could offer protective role in hypercholeseterolemic rats via their antioxidant potentials as well as restoring altered activity of acetylcholinesterase, butrylcholinesterase and arginase. Based on our findings chlorogenic acid exhibits better attribute.

The aqueous extract of Christ’s thorn (Ziziphus spina-christi) seed modulateshyperlipidemia in hypercholesterolemic male rat.

The hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of the crude aqueous extract of Christ’s thorn ( Ziziphus spina-christi ) seed was tested in hypercholesterolemic male rat. Eighteen albino rats were divided into 3 groups (n=6), the 1st group was the negative control fed fat rich diet, the 2ndwas the positive control fed 2% cholesterol in the fat rich diet and the 3rd was fed 2% cholesterol and concurrently treated with 200 mg/kg b.w. Christ’s thorn seed aqueous extract. The induced hypercholesterolemia in G2 increased lipid profile, lipid peroxide, liver and kidney function parameters, and decreased antioxidants. The tissues of kidney, liver, heart and testes showed altered histopathological changes. The concurrent treatment with Christ’s thorn seed aqueous extract in G3 restored the altered biochemical and histological features to normal. Phenolic constituents of Christ’s thorn seed aqueous extract suppressed the oxidative stress and reduced the hypercholesterolemia, and restored the altered biochemical and histopathological features.

Antihypercholesterolemia activities of red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale Roxb. var rubrum) on wistar rats

The purpose of this study was to determine the phenolic content of red ginger, determine the effect on lipid profile and body weight. Total phenolic levels were measured by using UV/Vis spectrophotometry with the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, at absorbance 760 nm wavelength. Hypercholesterolemia rat lipid profile was conducted in vivo by using a kit from Dyasis. Data was analyzed statistically with Two Way ANOVA. Rats were divided into 5 treatment groups with different of red ginger extract (0, 200, 350, 500 mg/kg bw, and simvastatin 7.2 mg/kg bw). Before the treatment of red ginger extract or simvastatin, rats were induced a high fat diet for 28 days. The treatment of red ginger extract and simvastatin were carried out for 2 weeks. The phenolic content of red ginger extract is 5194.15 ± 264.1 μg/g. The results of in vivo test showed that red ginger extract had a significant effect on lipid profile and body weight changes in hyperlipidemia rats at dose 200 mg/kg bw. Doses 200 mg/kg bw is not significantly different (p>0.05) to positive control group (simvastatin 7.2 mg/kg bw). Total cholesterol levels decreases 47.9%, LDL 32.7% and triglycerides 64.3% and HDL increases 25.8%.

Alterations of Cholesterol Lowering-Related Proteins in the Serum of Hypercholesterolemic-Induced Rats Treated with Ficus deltoidea

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major non-communicable diseases causing cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. In Malaysia, hypercholesterolemia or high blood cholesterol is known as CVD’s main risk factor. Currently, there is a paradigm shift of interest in Eastern medicines as alternative prevention approaches and therapeutic cholesterol control treatment. Ficus deltoidea (Mas Cotek) is amongst the eastern medicinal plants traditionally consumed either as prevention or treatment for various diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. This study utilised the proteomic application in determining the changes in a series of proteins that are being differentially expressed in response to F. deltoidea treatment of hypercholesterolemic-induced rats. Identification and quantification of proteins were conducted by using quantitative techniques, wherein two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) along with Progenesis Samespots image analysis software and Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Time-of-flight/Time-of-flight (MALDI ToF/ToF) mass spectrometry were utilised. Our results demonstrated that 14 protein spots had displayed alteration in their abundance at a minimum of 1.5 fold. Majority of these identified proteins were involved in lipid metabolism and immune system processes. These variables include apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), apolipoprotein E (Apo E), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), haptoglobin (HP), complement factor C3 (C3), complement factor C1s (C1s), transthyretin (TTR), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3 (ENPP3), prominin 1(PROM1) and plasminogen (PLG). Serum proteome analysis has unravelled the understanding on the mechanism of cholesterol reducing by F. deltoidea via augmentation of cholesterol biosynthesis that enhanced bile acids excretion, causing lowered cholesterol absorption in hypercholesterolemic rats.

Antihypercholesterolemic and anti-atherogenic effects of lyophilized aqueous extract of Globularia alypum leaves in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the preventive effects of a concomitant supplementation of a lyophilized aqueous extract of Globularia alypum (Ga) leaves in a high cholesterol-diet (HC-D) on lipid profile and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in hypercholesterolemic rats.Design/methodology/approachTwenty-four male Wistar rats weighing 232 ± 10 g were divided into four groups (n = 6). Two control groups were fed a standard-diet (St-D) supplemented (C-Ga) or not (C) with 1.66% Ga leaf extract. The two others experimental groups were fed HC-D, which contains the St-D plus 1% of cholesterol and 0.5% of cholic acid supplemented (HC-Ga) or not (HC) with the same amount of Ga. At d28, feces were collected and fasting rats were anesthetized; bloods and livers were removed to measure biochemical parameters.FindingsIn hypercholesterolemic (HC) rats, Ga supplementation in HC-D induced a significant reduction in ALT (−64%, p = 0.002) and AST (−71%; p = 0.005) activities, in plasma TC (−55%; p = 0.03) and TG (−54%; p = 0.01) concentrations, in cholesterol contents of atherogenic lipoproteins VLDL (−78%; p = 0.004) and LDL-HDL1 (−64%; p = 0.003) and inversely, an increase in those of anti-atherogenic HDL2 (+14%; p = 0.002). Feeding the HC-D-Ga exhibited a reduction in atherogenic index Apo B/Apo A-I (−72%; p = 0.002), an increase in faecal lipids, cholesterol excretion and in plasma apo A-I (+60%; p = 0.002) and HDL2-cholesteryl esters (+32%, p = 0.04) and then improved LCAT activity (+31%; p = 0.03).Originality/valueIn hypercholesterolemic rats, Globularia alypum extract was effective in preventing lipid disorders by its hypolipidemic action, had an anti-atherogenic potential and a protective effect against cardiovascular risk by enhancing LCAT activity.

Global DNA methylation in rats´ liver is not affected by hypercholesterolemic diet.

Increased plasma cholesterol levels are listed between the major atherosclerosis risk factors. The final plasma cholesterol levels result from the interplay between the genetic and environmental (diet, physical activity) factors. Little is known, how dietary factor influence epigenetics. We have analyzed, if an over-generation feeding of rat with cholesterol influences total liver-DNA methylation, and if total liver-DNA methylation differ between the different rat strains (Prague hereditary hypercholesterolemic rats, Prague hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats and Wistar Kyoto rats). The animals were feed with high fat (additional 5 % over normal capacity) high cholesterol (2 %) diet for 14 days. DNA methylation in the liver tissue in different generations was analyzed using the liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We have not observed any significant changes in total liver-DNA methylation over the 9 generations of animals feed by fat/cholesterol enriched diet. Additionally, there were no differences in DNA methylation between different rat strains. In animal model, the dietary changes (hypercholesterolemic diet) not significantly influence the total DNA methylation status within the liver.

Comparison of the effect of three therapies on liver enzymes and lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic rats

Background and Aims: The present study aimed to compare the effects of three therapeutic methods (including herbal, atorvastatin, and exercise) on liver enzymes and lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic rats. Materials and Methods: A number of 32 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n=8), including hypercholesterolemia (Hc) control group, anvil extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg, (Ext), exercise (E), and atorvastatin (AT) at a dose 10 mg/kg. Endurance training, anvil extract, and atorvastatin were performed three sessions per week for 8 weeks. Thereafter, liver biochemical tests, including alkaline phosphatase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lipid profiles were performed using a biochemical autoanalyzer (Ra-2000 made in USA) and the kits provided by Pars Azmun company. The data were analyzed in SPSS software using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukeychr('39')s test were used for data analysis. Results: The results of statistical analysis indicated that all variables (e.g., Alanine transaminase, Triglyceride, High-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), except for ALT, AST, and cholesterol, were significant in all groups. The results of the statistical analysis demonstrated that triglycerides and VLDL significantly reduced in the atorvastatin and exercise groups, compared to the hypercholesterolemic control group. Furthermore, HDL had a significant increase in the exercise group, compared to the atorvastatin, extract, and control groups. In addition, LDL significantly decreased in the exercise group, compared to the atorvastatin group. Conclusion: The results of the current study pointed to the similar effects of medication and exercise on the improvement of some lipid profiles. Nonetheless, exercise is advantageous over the use of medicine and herbal extracts due to the positive effects of exercise on the reduction of blood lipids and the absence of any side effects.

Potential preventive and protective perspectives of different spice powders and their mixtures in rat model

BackgroundThe spices based dietary interventions are in lime light among the scientific community owing to their promising therapeutic perspective. The bioactive components in spices can be used to exert various health promoting functions in human body such as prompting weight loss, inhibit diet-induced obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, allergies and various other maladies. In current study extraction and in vitro characterization of coriander seed (CS), black cumin seed (BCS) and fenugreek seed (FS) polyphenols was conducted for further development of dietary intervention against lipid and glycemia related abnormalities in experimental Sprague Dowley rats fed with control and different spice powder supplemented diets.MethodsPurposely, extraction of Coriander (CS), Black cumin (BCS) and Fenugreek seeds (FS) were carried out by using water and aqueous methanol (70:30 v/v). Afterwards, the resultant extracts were thoroughly investigated for their antioxidant potential through different indices like TPC, TFC, FRAP and β Carotene Bleaching Assay and ABTS. Furthermore, HPLC quantification were also conducted with special reference to thymoquinone, disogenin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and kaempferol alongside in vitro pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity estimation. Bio-evaluation trial was consisting of three modules i.e. study-I (normal diet), study-II (high cholesterol diet) and study-III (high sucrose diet). Furthermore, rats were sub-divided in five groups in each module on the basis of diet provision including T0 (control), T1 (Diet containing CS), T2 (Diet containing BCS), T3 (Diet containing FS) and T4 (Diet containing CSP + BCSP + FSP). At the beginning of trial, some rats were dissected to evaluate the baseline values whilst rest of the rats was killed at the termination (56th day). Feed and drink intakes were quantified on daily bases whereas, body weight was calculated weekly. Cholesterol level, serum low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides, glucose concentration and insulin level of collected sera was measured by standard procedures.ResultsThe in vitro characterization showed better extraction of spices antioxidant through aqueous methanol as compared to water. Among the spices, Black cumin seed alone or in combination revealed highest antioxidant activity in T2 (BCS) followed by T4 (CS + BCS), T7 (CS + BCS + FS), T1 (CS), T6 (BCS + FS), T5 (CS + FS) and lowest in T3 (FS). Likewise, the HPLC characterization showed the presence of thymoquinone in BCS, Dosignienin FGS and chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and kaempferol in the other treatments. Furthermore, all the treatments showed dose dependent inhibition in Pancreatic lipase activity and order of inhibition was BCS > CS + BCS > CS + BCS + FS > CS > BCS + FC > CS + FS > FS. The maximum feed intake, drink intake and weight gain was observed in T0 (control) trailed by T1, T2, T3 and T4 group in experimental study I, II and III, respectively. The resultant diet T4 enhanced the high density lipoprotein from T0 (58.58 ± 2.51) to 61.71 ± 1.62 (T4) in hypercholesterolemia rats whereas in hyperglycaemia rats the HDL was varied from 38.77 ± 1.2 to 40.02 ± 0.99 in T0 and T4, respectively. Similarly, T2 significantly lowered the low density lipoprotein from 62.53 ± 1.22 (T1) & 46.53 ± 0.99 to 54.88 ± 0.52 & 40.94 ± 1.99 (T2) in hypercholesteraemic and diabetic rats. Moreover, T4 treatment showed maximum reduction as 10.01 & 11.53% in respective studies.ConclusionsThe diet prepared from the different combination of spices has been proven effective against Oxidative stress related physiological malfunctioning.