Hyperbolic Expressions Research Articles

HYPERBOLIC EXPRESSIONS AMONG NEWLY MOTHERS IN TEXT-BASED VIRTUAL COMMUNICATION

The present study examined the use of hyperbolic expressions in a text-based virtual communication context, specifically in an Indonesian newly mothers’ online chat room. The study employed a descriptive qualitative method to analyze 60 utterances containing hyperbolic expressions taken from the Mom Sharing WhatsApp group. Simak and catat methods were implemented to observe and take notes on the hyperbolic expressions used by the mothers identified based on McCarthy & Carter’s (2004) characterization. The collected data were then categorized into 7 forms of hyperbole proposed by Claridge (2010), and the possible functions behind the use of this figurative language were analyzed qualitatively based on the overall contexts. Results reveal that 6 forms of hyperbole were used in the chat room, namely single-word hyperbole, phrasal hyperbole, clausal hyperbole, numerical hyperbole, the role of superlative, and comparison. Furthermore, the expressions were found to serve various functions, namely to express emotions, to concretize the message and evoke imagination, to create humour, and to establish group identity. These findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on the use of hyperbole in everyday communication.

Further observations on the reinforcing value of sucrose solutions: Interaction between quantity and concentration

According to the Multiplicative Hyperbolic Model of reinforcer value (MHM), the value of a reinforcer is an increasing hyperbolic function of its size. In addition it is generally accepted that in the case of soluble reinforcers such as sucrose, value is an increasing function of molar concentration. The present experiment examined the interaction between size and concentration on the effectiveness of sucrose reinforcers in an operant choice paradigm. Rats were trained under an adjusting-magnitude schedule in which a response on lever B delivered a fixed volume of a sucrose solution, while a response on lever A delivered a 0.8-M sucrose solution, the volume of which, qA, was adjusted according to the rats’ choices. When B was preferred in a given block of trials, qA was increased in the following block; when A was preferred, qA was reduced in the following block. The concentration and volume of B (cB, qB) were varied across six phases of the experiment and the corresponding indifference magnitudes of A (qA(50)) were measured. Log qA(50) increased and qB/qA(50) declined as approximately linear functions of log cB, consistent with the supposition that reinforcer value was determined by multiplicative combination of hyperbolic expressions representing concentration and volume.

Clickbait and translation: Proposing a typology of online news headline transcreation strategies

Clickbait has been widely studied within the online news headline context; however, it is still understudied under the umbrella of transcreation. By employing the theory of transcreation by Gaballo (2012) and news headline tabloidization/clickbaiting presentation by Reinemann et al. (2012) on a corpus of online news headlines in a qualitative research design, we argued that news headline is transcreated for a clickbaiting purpose through the use particular linguistic features as the strategies. Those linguistic features are bombasting, referencing, and bamboozling. The first refers to the use of high-sounding or hyperbolic expressions, the second to popular references, and the last to multi-interpretable expressions. Each of the three transcreation strategies has what we call the degree of transferability. Through the degree of transferability, whether or not a translated online news headline might fall into the category of translation, transcreation, or in between could be revealed. The degrees of transferability might also reveal how bombasting, referencing, and bamboozling influence the categorization. The findings of the study could be employed as a guideline for news translation scholars and practitioners in reviewing and assessing the translation of online news headlines regarding the tendency of the tabloidization use in the clickbait context. Future studies could address the issues of the identities of news sites, news sites, and news readers as a parameter in assessing the quality of news headline translation or transcreation.

Exaggerating And Hyperbolic Expressions in Northern Kurmanji with Reference to English: A Socio- Pragmatic Approach

The current work deals with exaggerating expressions in the Kurdish language -Northern Kurmanji everyday conversations. This linguistic phenomenon is used for elevating or minimizing entities, characteristics, or actions. It is a figure of speech employed in both language and literature, for the former, the term "exaggeration" is used, while for the latter, the term put into a function is "hyperbole". The concepts expressed in this figure of speech sometimes go beyond logic to represent the extremes in the two ends of a scale in amplifying and/or minimizing ideas. The study concluded that exaggerating and hyperbolic expressions are the same in content, but the former is a property of the language of interaction, while the latter is employed in literature. Politeness and impoliteness, and two ends extremes are manifested by exaggerating expressions. Conventionality and abnormality are the two basic characteristics of exaggeratory expressions; that is, the speaker may use very illogical content to show exaggeration and this is received by the listener in a conventional way that the expressions are common in language despite of their abnormality

The Expression of “Enak” (Delicious) For Food In Social Media Instagram

The purpose of this study is to describe the form of expressions “enak” (delicious) in Instagram social media and the function of using these forms. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form uninvolved conversation observation technique on the use of expressions “enak” on several Instagram accounts. The results obtained are (a) the form of “enak” expressions is in the form of standard expressions, religious sentences, prefixes ter- and se- in the form of slang, and hyperbolic expressions; (b) the function of using this form is to promote food products, create a contemporary impression, and provide a more concrete picture.

Bifurcations of Nonlinear Waves in the Generalized KdV–mKdV-Like Equation

Using bifurcation analytic method of dynamical systems, we investigate the nonlinear waves and their bifurcations of the generalized KdV–mKdV-like equation. We obtain the following results : (i) Three types of new explicit expressions of nonlinear waves are obtained. They are trigonometric expressions, exp-function expressions, and hyperbolic expressions. (ii) Under different parameteric conditions, these expressions represent different waves, such as solitary waves, kink waves, 1-blow-up waves, 2-blow-up waves, smooth periodic waves and periodic blow-up waves. (iii) Two kinds of new interesting bifurcation phenomena are revealed. The first phenomenon is that the single-sided periodic blow-up waves can bifurcate from double-sided periodic blow-up waves. The second phenomenon is that the double-sided 1-blow-up waves can bifurcate from 2-blow-up waves. Furthermore, we show that the new expressions encompass many existing results.

ENGLISH HYPERBOLE IN CONTEMPORARY WOMEN’S FICTION PROSE (A STUDY OF SOPHIE KINSELLA’S NOVELS)

The article presents findings of the ongoing project on the use of hyperbole in contemporary women’s fiction prose, as one of the peculiarities of this genre. The novelty of our study consists in the fact that the genre characteristics and plot devices of romance novels have been abundantly dwelt upon in scholarly researches while the stylistic aspects of the genre have not been explicated enough. The texts constituting the empirical material for the research are the novels “Twenties Girl” and “Can You Keep a Secret?” by Sophie Kinsella, one of the bestselling contemporary English writers. The theoretical background of the research is based on the studies that were carried out by scholars whose field of expertise combines the issues related to literary criticism, context and rhetorical devices. Hyperbole being a typical feature of female writing, and there existing multiple taxonomies of hyperboles, the present study aims at defining peculiarities of the target trope, which is typical of female romance novel. Therefore, the focus in the given study is on the types of hyperbolic expressions, which prevail in the analysed text, i.e. quantitative hyperboles and adjectives-in-thesuperlative-degree hyperboles. The research confirms that hyperbole is a context-dependent linguistic phenomenon. The results of the study are reflected in the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the hyperbolic occurrences. The former shows that among hyperboles-numerals, million is most frequently used in the female writing by contrast with the numerals fifty, ten thousand, bazillion, which are least frequently used. Qualitative analysis presents the taxonomy of semantic fields formed by adjectives-in-the-superlative-degree hyperboles (e.g. inanimate objects, behavior, relationships) and displays a high prevalence of occurrences of those from anthropological domain. Moreover, the study demonstrates that the numerical hyperbole’s literal, objective-logical meaning denoting quantity becomes an intensifier and merges with the acquired in the context subjectiveevaluative, more expressive meaning, with a positive or negative connotation.

Self-legitimation and other-delegitimation in the internet radio speeches of the supreme leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra

ABSTRACT This study examines self-legitimation and other-delegitimation in the online radio broadcasts of Nnamdi Kanu, the Supreme Leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB). Using Theo van Leeuwen’s (2008) legitimation approach, the paper analyses four speeches he delivered in Israel following his ‘reappearance’ in 2018. The analysis reveals that Kanu uses three legitimation strategies, namely authorisation, moralisation and rationalisation to justify his sudden escape from Nigeria, call for Biafra’s self-rule and boycott of elections and to discredit alleged cloning of the president, electoral malpractices, marginalisation of the Igbo and corruption and brutality among security agents. These strategies are linguistically realised by self-glorification, exclusive and inclusive pronominalisations (us-them dichotomy), polarisation, derogatory nomination (labelling), and hyperbolic expressions. They are aimed at presenting Nnamdi Kanu and IPOB positively as fighting a legitimate cause.

God's Good Earth: The Case for an Unfallen Creation

God's Good Earth: The Case for an Unfallen Creation

The Generations of Heaven and Earth: Adam, the Ancient World, and Biblical Theology

The Generations of Heaven and Earth: Adam, the Ancient World, and Biblical Theology

A critical exploration of the usage of euphemism and hyperbole in the Sesotho sa Leboa translation of Mandela’s Long Walk to Freedom

Translation makes it easier for the target readership to be exposed to other cultures. It is, therefore, the responsibility of every translator to use the target language aptly to convey the intended meaning of the source language to the target readers. Translators can use various ways to form a bridge between source culture and target culture. To determine how the translator conveyed the source text meaning to the target readers, this article focuses on euphemism and hyperbole as two ways of dealing with the source text’s content in the Sesotho sa Leboa translation of Mandela’s Long Walk to Freedom using the descriptive approach. In addition, the article considers whether euphemism and hyperbolic expressions were able to retain the message intended by the original author. From the sample of euphemism and hyperbolic expressions studied, it was established that the translator managed to convey euphemism successfully, showing that the polite wording used in Sesotho sa Leboa culture captures the real meaning of what the source text author intended, while hyperbole with its excessive exaggerations was also brought across effectively.

Form and Use of Euphemisms in Hoax

This study aims to describe the form and use of euphemisms in hoax texts by meaning category. The data used is document entirely collect from the website cekfakta.com and turnbackhoax.id. The data was verified, classified and then analyzed and then was presented descriptively. The results of this study found as much as 18 forms of euphemisms, they are figurative expressions, metaphors, flippancy, remodeling, circumlocution, clippings, acronyms, abbreviations, omission, one word replacing one other word, general to specific, part to whole, hyperbole, meaning outside the statement, jargon, colloquial, borrowing, and foreign language forms. It is used in hoax for composing better speech, as if to convey facts with hyperbolic expressions, to tease or criticize others smoothly, in a political, religious, and health context.

Figurative Language in Bullet For My Valentine Album “Scream Aim Fire”

The study entitled “Figurative Language in Bullet For My Valentine’s Album Scream Aim Fire” is aimed at finding out and identifying the types of figurative language, especially personification and hyperbole, in Bullet For My Valentine’s Album, Scream Aim Fire, and analyzing the meaning. The documentation method was used to collect the data, and to analyze the data, the qualitative method was applied. This research applied the theory of Types of Figurative Language proposed by Knickerbocker and Renninger (1963) to find and identify personification and hyperbolic expressions from the album, and Types of Meaning according to Leech (1974) to classify and analyze the meaning of personification and hyperbolic expressions. The study indeed focuses on personification and hyperbole only because both are the most common expressions/figurative languages used by the songwriters to personate particular objects or stress and exaggerate their words on the song they write to make it more beautiful, dramatic, and meaningful. 14 out of 15 songs of the Scream Aim Fire album used both personification and hyperbole in their lyrics. 12 of them used both personification and hyperbole, one of them used only personification, one of them used only hyperbole, and the last one used neither of them. As for the types of meaning, there were connotative meaning, affective meaning, thematic meaning, and reflective meaning.

Super-Hyperbolic Man: Hyperbole as an Ideological Discourse Strategy in Trump’s Speeches

This article attempts to study the use of hyperboles in Trump’s political speeches. Trump built his presidential campaign on a racist stage based on anti-immigration (anti-Muslims and Mexicans), anti-Obama, and anti-Clinton foreign policy. By following McCarthy and Carter (J Pragmat 36:149–184, 2004) approach, the article aims to find out how Trump uses hyperbole to achieve persuasive political interests. The article also aims to demonstrate how hyperbole as an ideological strategy plays a crucial role in the positive representation of Trump and the American natives, and the negative representation of other immigrants, Clinton’s foreign policy, and Obama’s administration. In order to achieve the aims, the data consist of (19) selected speeches spoken by Trump during his 2015–2016 election campaign. The article adopts a mixed method of both, qualitative and quantitative analysis in order to obtain credible results and also to overcome the subjective nature of the qualitative analysis. The results show that Trump uses different types of hyperbolic expressions such as number, amount and quantity, time, adjectives and adverbs of size, degree, and intensity, metaphor, repetition, polysyndeton, and complex modifications to persuade people, influence their minds, distract them away from Clinton, win the presidency, and become the 45th president of the United States of America.

A Pragama-Linguistic Study of Hyperbole in English Political Discourse

Within figurative language research, tropes such as metaphor and irony have received thegreatest amount of attention, while other non-literal forms, like hyperbole, have beenrelatively ignored as a result of such intensive research effort.Although hyperbole has been, since antiquity, one of the many figures of speech discussedwithin the general framework of rhetoric, the emphasis has been primarily laid on definingand classifying this trope. In contemporary language research, the paucity of studiesaddressing hyperbole is most notable, probably because in other disciplines it has beenconsidered a classic trope whose study belongs to that of rhetoric. Thus, no serious attentionhas been paid to the study of hyperbole in the domains of linguistics, psychology, philosophyor literary criticism. Most of the empirical work on exaggeration has involved comparisons offrequency and use in different cultures.This study focuses on the notion of hyperbole in political speeches, and attempts to offer itselfas a tentative contribution to the field of figurative language and political discourse analysis.Throughout the study hyperbole will be used synonymously with exaggeration andoverstatement.The present study aims at finding out how hyperbolic expressions are identified and presentedin English political discourse at linguistic and pragmatic levels.

TATHWÎR AL-KITÂB AL-DIRÂSÎ LI 'ILMI AL-BALÂGHAH FÎ DHAUI AL-TADZAWWUQ AL-BALÂGHÎ LI AL-AHÂDÎTS AL-ARBA'ÎN AL-NAWAWIYAH

This study aims to: 1) reveal the literary language style in AlArbaeen by Imam Nawawi and the secrets behind it, 2) Extract and analyze the characteristics of the developed Bayan module. 3) Produce a Bayan textbook developed based on the study of AlArbaeen and reveal its influence for improving students; skill to understand and implement the Hadith in their daily life. The researcher used a qualitative descriptive research and development research method. The result of the research showed that there is found Bayani style in Arba'in hadith. Its beauty lies in the short, firm, hyperbolic expressions in expressing meaning, proper word choice and touching personification, depicted in terms of aqidah, shariah and morals. The developed textbook is characterized by a rhetorical appreciation of Arbain's hadith text without leaving an explanation of Balagah's rules. The Bayan Science textbook products developed are valid in terms of content, design and language.

HYPERBOLIC EXPRESSIONS IN ONE DIRECTION’S LOVE SONG LYRICS

Hyperbole is an exaggerate expression which is often used in literary works such as poem, novel and song lyric. This research will analyze how the hyperbolic expressions are shown in One Direction’s love song lyrics by using Claridge’s theory of hyperbole. The objects taken for this research are from love song lyrics of One Direction which are taken from 3 albums. The finding shows that from the analyzed data, the hyperbolic expressions are shown from their gradability and intensification, context, and problem of literal meaning.

Past and Present Nationalist Political Rhetoric in Finland: Changes and Continuities

This article focuses on nationalist political rhetoric in two historical periods in Finland. We analysed the rhetorical changes and continuities in anticommunist newspaper articles from the past (1930s) and in anti-Islam blogs in the present (2010s). We identified two similar discourses in the political rhetoric of both eras, each discourse constructed around two different Others: the external Other, the stranger from the outside world, and the internal Others, those within our own society. Our analysis identified some significant differences pertaining to the form of the rhetoric in the two studied time periods. The writers in the past used unproblematic and blatant rhetoric that often relied on metaphorical and hyperbolic expressions. The present-day bloggers painted a negative picture of the Other more often than did their counterparts of the 1930s by using factuality-enhancing strategies such as giving details, citing statistics, and drawing on expert knowledge. Importantly, moreover, the present-day discourse was characterised by defensive and counterattacking rhetorical formulations, as illustrated by the extensive denials and reversals of racism. Our analysis suggests that the discourse of Otherness seems to require much more rhetorical work and justifying proclamations in the present than in the past nationalist political rhetoric.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Hyperbole in John Keats’ Love Letters to Fanny Brawn

<p>Hyperbole is an ever-present figure of speech in daily communication. It over-exaggerates the speaker’s meaning through his / her intense feelings and sincere attitude towards the listener, and hence, it reflects the speaker’s real intention. Hyperbole received a scant attention in comparison to other figures of speech as linguistic and discourse studies attempted to focus on the listener’s response rather than considering the interactive aspect. Hyperbolic expressions have been discussed in informal everyday conversation and academic writing, but less in other genres such as the genre of love letters. Moreover, a pragmatic analysis to both notions has not been shed light upon with much consideration. Thus, the main aim of this study is to investigate both the pragmatic role of hyperbole and detect the use of politeness strategies in seven love letters written by John Keats addressed to Fanny Brawne. The analysis is based on the recognition of positive and negative politeness strategies proposed in Brown and Levinson’s Theory of Politeness (1987).The study demonstrates that both positive and negative strategies and the pragmatic function of hyperbole correlate with the writer’s status and vary according to the context of situation. The results of the analysis revealed that positive politeness strategies were used more frequently than negative ones. Additionally, the findings proved that Keats used hyperbole in his love letters where either positive or negative (or both) emotions revealed to make the intended message of the speaker have even more effective results on the part of the hearer with an emotive persuasion.</p>

The idiolect of fitness professional Ewa Chodakowska in the context of communication with a target group within the physical activity marketplace

Background: The paper focuses on the communication with a target group within the fitness industry. The purpose was to analyze the idiolect, meaning the distinctive and unique use of language of a Polish fitness trainer, Ewa Chodakowska, and to characterize the role of her specific linguistic choices in the endeavor of encouraging individuals, primarily females, to participate in workouts. Material/Methods: For the development of categories and an understanding of the relationship between the various concepts, the techniques of a grounded theory were used. The method chosen to investigate Chodakowska’s idiolect was the content analysis, in which both written and oral content came under close scrutiny. Results: Chodakowska’s particular style of interacting with fans originates both from a “professiolect” typical of all fitness instructors and her personal attitude to physical activity. The very unique use of language includes both verbal and non-verbal communication. Chodakowska has an informal, direct and personal approach to the followers. By using a ‘we’–form and addressing her female fans with funny and warm expressions as my dearests, my sweethearts, babes, she builds a feeling of group solidarity and develops a long-term customer loyalty. An important part of her idiolect are exaggerated commendations, hyperbolic expressions of applause, sophisticated maxims and adages, by use of which she tries to activate an intrinsic motivation in her fans. Her methodological explanations during workout are extremely illustrative. Noteworthy are her creative and imagine-producing metaphors, including names of her workouts: Scalpel and Killer. Conclusions: It can be argued that her distinctive speech, rather than practical competences within fitness workout planning, is Chodakowska’s main asset and key to popularity.