Hyoid Region Research Articles

Congenital midline cervical skin bridge

A skin bridge extending from the hyoid region to the sternal notch in a 3-month-old baby is reported as another form of congenital midline neck anomaly that has never been described before. Congenital midline neck anomalies are residual embryonic structures that had failed to completely disappear or mature. They can be classified into masses, clefts, and fistulas. We report this case of congenital midline cervical skin bridge.

Ontogeny of the intermandibular and hyoid musculature in the suckermouth armoured catfish Ancistrus cf. triradiatus (Loricariidae, Siluriformes)

AbstractLoricariidae or suckermouth armoured catfishes are the most speciose catfish family, displaying morphological specializations toward the attachment onto substrates with their sucker mouth, and the scraping of algae and other food items off these substrates. The intermandibular and hyoid musculature differs from the general siluriform situation. This detailed study on several developmental stages of a loricariid representative aims to provide insight in the ontogenetic origin of these muscles, as well as on their morphology and homology. Serial sections and 3D-reconstructions are used to visualize the early muscle configurations. The intermandibularis anterior muscle develops two parts, inserting on the lower jaw but also on the lower lip tissue. A similar differentiation into a dentary and a labial part occurs in the intermandibularis posterior (usually erroneously referred to as protractor hyoidei in loricariids). The protractor hyoidei has a compound nature in teleosts, but in loricariids no interhyoideus portion fuses to the posterior intermandibularis portion. Several arguments, including the absence of a myocomma and a double innervation, indicate the absence of an interhyoideus portion. A double innervation has been found in the hyohyoideus inferior. The posteriormost muscles in the hyoid region are relatively small during early ontogeny: the sternohyoideus halves fuse relatively late; the hyohyoidei adductores develop latest of all ventral head muscles. A remarkable shift in orientation characterizes the hyohyoideus abductor.

Cervical bronchogenic cysts in head and neck region: review of the literature

Congenital cysts of the neck are not uncommon. Most of these are thyroglossal, branchial cleft and thymic cysts. Bronchogenic cysts are uncommon developmental anomalies of the tracheobronchial tree and rarely occur in the neck. More than 70 cases of bronchogenic cysts in the head and neck region have been reported in the literature. We report three cases presenting with neck swelling in the hyoid region that were diagnosed as bronchogenic cysts based on clinical and histopathological findings.

Congenital salivary fistula in the external auditory canal associated with chronic sialoadenitis and parotid cyst

First branchial cleft anomalies are uncommon but may occur anywhere from the external auditory canal to the angle of the mandible, including the parotid gland. Although several attempts have been made to classify first branchial cleft anomalies by location and histology, they are currently considered a spectrum of malformations. They arise from incomplete closure of the ectodermal portion of the first branchial cleft. The defect may be a fistula, a sinus, or a cyst. Depending on the extent of the fusion anomaly, the lesion may involve the external auditory canal, mandibular, and hyoid region, and it may end in submandibular region. Cysts associated with the external auditory canal usually present with aural fistulas, auricular swelling, otitis, and otorrhea and may be related to the parotid gland, which is found lying either within deep or superficial to it. Diagnosis of such embryonic malformations superficial to the parotid can be difficult without surgical exploration.

RESIDENT'S PAGE: PATHOLOGY

<h3>Pathologic Quiz Case 1</h3> Venkataramanan Srinivasan, DLO, FRCS; David S. Nicholas, MRCPath; Poole, England A 60-year-oldwhite man presented with a history of throat pain brought on by swallowing. The pain, which was centered in the left hyoid region, had started insidiously a few months earlier. He had no history of dysphonia, dysphagia, difficulty with breathing, or earache. He had stopped smoking 20 years earlier. Microlaryngoscopy with the patient under general anesthesia revealed a 1×1-cm smooth mass in the left arytenoid region. The rest of the larynx and pharynx was normal, and there were no palpable lymph nodes in the neck. The mass was excised for histopathologic examination. The patient became asymptomatic after the surgical procedure. The histologic features are shown in<b>Figure 1</b>and<b>Figure 2</b>. An immunohistochemical stain for S100 protein is shown in<b>Figure 3</b>. What is your diagnosis? <h3>Pathologic Quiz Case 2</h3> Wesley Heartfield, MS;

Evaluation of normal and abnormal hyoid bone movement during swallowing by use of ultrasound duplex-Doppler imaging

We developed a new method to analyze normal and abnormal movements of the hyoid muscular region as an indicator of hyoid bone motion during swallowing using ultrasound duplex-Doppler imaging. Hyoid bone motion can be monitored by studying the Doppler shift spectra and B-mode images produced by ultrasound duplex imaging of the hyoid region muscular attachments. We can accurately determine swallowing duration and trajectory of hyoid bone movement. This procedure can assist in discriminating between normal and abnormal movements of the hyoid bone and the surrounding muscles during swallowing. This method appears to be a highly consistent measure. We suggest that Doppler spectrum analysis can be used for defining hyoid position and displaying accurate movement, which may be useful in the diagnosis of swallowing disorders.

The Morphology and Function of the Hyoid Region in the Tree Sloths, Bradypus and Choloepus

The sloth hyoid region has unique structural features, associated with inverted feeding and dependence upon the tongue and lips for food manipulation and ingestion. The hyoid apparatus functions as a unit and is large and robust. The basihyal is strongly bound to the skull posterior in comparison to other mammals. The anterior digastric is enlarged and fused medially, covering the mylohyoid in Choloepus but exposing its anterior aspect in Bradypus . Posteriorly, the muscle fuses with the sternohyoid to form a wide sternomandibularis with a loose tendinous connection to the basihyal. The proposed model of hyoid function predicts that this arrangement aids an inverted sloth in opening the mouth fully against gravity while permitting the hyoid to move anteriorly during tongue extension independent of the sternomandibularis. In upright feeding, contraction of the posterior digastric-sternomandibularis complex allows a similar function. In all postures, increasing gape improves the ability of the hyoglossus and styloglossus muscles to act jointly in moving the tongue laterally. Hyoid retraction, in all postures, occurs with contraction of the modified sternothyroid, which arises from the mid-dorsum of the manubrium sternum and inserts on the ossified thyroid cartilage. The sloth palate also facilitates inverted feeding. The mucosa shows tubercles and grooves which channel food particles toward a central groove. Food is then returned to the toothrows by the tongue for further mastication or passed along a posteriorly deepening groove for bolus formation prior to swallowing.

Study of Congenital Cervical Cysts Encountered in the Past 9 Years

Fifteen cases of congenital cervical cysts were surgically treated in the last 9 years in our clinic. We analyzed them clinically and pathologically and also studied the literature on this disease.Our series, includes 6 cases of thyroglossal cysts, 5 of lateral cysts and 4 of dermoid cysts. They consisted of 4 males and 11 females. Their ages ranged from 1 to 31 years, and 8 of 15 were under the age of 10. Although the range of the period between the onset of the first complaint and the seeking of medical service was from several days to 31 years, 11 patients received treatment within a year in our hospital. They complained of painless soft neck tumors in 12 cases, 2 of painful ones, and one of dyspnea with a lateral neck tumor. In lateral cysts, 4 of all the cases were located on the right side of the neck. According to Bailey's classification, 4 were type-I group, and one was type-III. Half of the dermoid cysts were found in the subglossal region and others in the submental region. In thyroglossal cysts, 3 existed in the subhyoid region and others in the anterior hyoid region. As a rule, we perform the Sistrunk method on patients whose cysts or fistulas obviously are adherent to the hyoid bone. Three of our patients under went reoperation due to recurrence.

The hyoid complex of Rattus rattus rufescens

The hyoid apparatus of the rat consists of an anteroposterior compressed and somewhat arched basihyal, the small anterior cornua and the more prominent posterior cornua. The ceratohyal is the only movably articulated element of the anterior cornu and is generally lost during the normal methods of preparing skeleton. The absence of stylohyal has resulted in modifications in the origins and insertions of Mm. stylohyoideus, styloglossus, and stylopharyngeus. The study of the hyoid region of rats, gerbils and squirrels supports the view that the muroid rodents have originated from the more generalized squirrel‐like forms.

The hyoid region of placental mammals with especial reference to the bats

American Journal of AnatomyVolume 72, Issue 3 p. 385-472 Article The hyoid region of placental mammals with especial reference to the bats James M. Sprague, James M. Sprague Department of Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MarylandSearch for more papers by this author James M. Sprague, James M. Sprague Department of Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MarylandSearch for more papers by this author First published: May 1943 https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1000720304Citations: 40AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume72, Issue3May 1943Pages 385-472 RelatedInformation

X. The hyoid and larynx of the Anura

FOREWORD. Some years ago Dr. Tate Regan suggested to me that a study of the hyoid region of the tailless Amphibia would be of value. This paper is the outcome of that suggestion. It was begun when I was Gilchrist Research Scholar in Zoology at King’s College of Household and Social Science (1 9 2 5 -2 6 and 1 9 2 7 -2 8 ), working under Dr. P . C. Esdaile, to whom I am very grateful for her help during my two and a half years in her department. At this time I was also assisted by a Government Grant from the Royal Society. Since March, 1 9 2 8 ,1 have held a post at the British Museum (Natural History), and the work on frogs has been relegated to spare time. My main purpose has been to discover and make known the structures of the hyolaryngeal apparatus in a large and representative series of the Anura, in order that an idea may be gained of the range of diversity of these organs in the group, and of the extent to which resemblances in their structure are indicative of relationship. In all, I have studied sixty species, belonging to thirty-six genera ; in fifty of these species and twenty-three of the genera the larynx is now described for the first time.

VIII. On the feeding mechanism of the Branchiopoda : Appendix on the Mouth Parts of the Branchiopoda

FOREWORD. Some years ago Dr. Tate Regan suggested to me that a study of the hyoid region of the tailless Amphibia would be of value. This paper is the outcome of that suggestion. It was begun when I was Gilchrist Research Scholar in Zoology at King’s College of Household and Social Science (1 9 2 5 -2 6 and 1 9 2 7 -2 8 ), working under Dr. P . C. Esdaile, to whom I am very grateful for her help during my two and a half years in her department. At this time I was also assisted by a Government Grant from the Royal Society. Since March, 1 9 2 8 ,1 have held a post at the British Museum (Natural History), and the work on frogs has been relegated to spare time. My main purpose has been to discover and make known the structures of the hyolaryngeal apparatus in a large and representative series of the Anura, in order that an idea may be gained of the range of diversity of these organs in the group, and of the extent to which resemblances in their structure are indicative of relationship. In all, I have studied sixty species, belonging to thirty-six genera ; in fifty of these species and twenty-three of the genera the larynx is now described for the first time.