Hyogo Framework For Action Research Articles

India’s Role and Contribution to Building Global Resilience in Disaster Management

In the two decades following the devastating Tsunami of 2004, India has emerged as a global leader not just in having a well-defined structure for mitigating disasters but also in providing humanitarian support to other countries affected by disasters. The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) (2005–2010) brought vulnerable communities in disaster zones into key focus of decision making; it also emphasized preparedness (resilience building to enable communities to bounce back faster) as an important area of state responsibility. The Sendai Framework (2015–2030) that followed Hyogo evolved further by indicating that ‘risk identification’ helps timely action. As disasters observe no political boundaries, so disaster management strives to overcome every political and ideological division to cooperate, collaborate, and hand hold affected nations. Resilience building includes a strategy to prevent other nations from succumbing to disasters its impact is never confined to the one victim nation alone but spreads to other nations in different ways. In the previous decade, India has unswervingly sent relief material as well as shared her experience, expertise, and technology for the longterm resilience building of several countries. The Disaster Management Act 2005 has provided a statutory framework for global resilience building, and the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) as a new team of ‘Samaritan Diplomats’ has helped India in image building, winning trust, and forming alliances. This goes a long way in strengthening both resilient infrastructure and sustainable projects, such as the ‘Solar Alliance’, and also create sturdy platforms for encountering pandemics like the COVID-19. Disaster Management Diplomacy is a new buzz word as traditional military competitors have now also become competitors in humanitarian interventions — such as India and China in South Asia. While resilience building strategies help a peace building process, they also ensure continuity of supply chains in global business by linking resilience building with Sustainable Development Goals.

Government Capacity In Handling Tropical Cyclone Idai Induced Flooding In Chipinge District, Manicland Province, Zimbabwe To Support National Security

Tropical Cyclone Idai induced flooding hit Zimbabwe from 15-20 March 2019, killing 349 people and damaging infrastructure worthy billions of dollars. Vulnerability to tropical cyclone flood risk remains high against limited government capacity. The Hyogo Framework for Action (2005-2015) indicators were used to analyse government capacity in handling Cyclone Idai disaster. The study used qualitative methodology alongside descriptive research design. Interviews, field observations and document analysis were employed for data collection. Results of the study are: a) legal framework capacity to handle Cyclone Idai met most priority 1 indicators but with some deficiencies, b) early warning systems were satisfactory and fulfilled all priority 2 indicators, c) collaboration and ego-sectoral approach towards building resilience and a safe culture through education, knowledge and innovation fulfilled all priority 3 indicators, d) efforts to reduce flood risk factors met all priority 4 indicators, and e) the active involvement and participation of stakeholders in flood risk research, education and training met all indicators under priority 5 although a holistic disaster response plan has not been developed. Challenges faced were under-funding and inadequate resources, inattention to issues of social vulnerability and social capital, legal gaps and leadership incapacity. Capacity-building efforts implemented were trainings, increased flood risk information dissemination, participation of schools in risk reduction and environmentally friendly conservation measures. The study recommends government to strengthen legal framework, decentralize disaster experts to districts and, allocate adequate funding and resources for risk reduction. Chipinge district to formulate a disaster response plan and institutional structure, increase disaster knowledge through active community engagement and participation in disaster risk reduction to promote resilience for national security stability.

The roles of human geography in disaster studies

A disaster is an event or series of events which threaten and disrupt the human lives. The studies of disaster are constantly considered related to humans because humans act as the causative factor, victim and at the same time the executant of the effort in disaster handling. Pioneered by Gilbert White and pursued by other experts, human geography later shows the roles in examining issues in disaster studies especially in disaster mitigation. Based on several research and notions, many experts in human geography agree that there is nothing natural in natural disaster. Although the disasters are often affected by geosphere physical phenomenon but various human actions and activities on the face of the earth cause certain population to be more prone to natural disaster. If the risks toward disaster need to be reduced, bigger attention needs to be given to minimize population vulnerability, increase people capacity to overcome disaster and strengthen people capability to adapt to disaster area in a long term. Currently, UN as the responsible party in reducing risk of international disaster has been doing community resilience effort adopting Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005–2015: building the nation and community resilience towards disaster, followed by Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDR) 2015-2030: reducing disaster risk and loss.

Vernacular Knowledge, Natural Disasters, and Climate Change in Monsoon Asia

In Monsoon Asia, home to more than half of the world’s population, extreme climatic events are expected to become more frequent and intense due to climate change. Modern disaster management to date has focused on assessing the risks of natural hazards based on historical data, responding to disasters through prevention and mitigation techniques, and information campaigns, instead of vernacular knowledge cultivated in the local environment. This has led the public to a dangerous complacency about the power of technology over nature, and neglecting the possibility of “unforeseen” events. Climate change has not only made it more difficult to assess the risks of natural hazards, but has also diminished local resilience to them. However, since the adoption of the Hyogo Framework for Action in 2005, Monsoon Asia has begun multi-sectoral efforts to build local resilience to natural hazards by integrating vernacular knowledge into modern disaster management. Whereas in the past, experts and government agencies regarded the public as mere recipients of their services, they have now become acutely aware of the need to build partnerships with local communities to compensate for current technological limitations in disaster management, and to imaginatively prepare for the increasing risks of climatic contingencies. To achieve these goals, vernacular knowledge can be a useful resource, and a number of efforts have been initiated in the region to preserve such knowledge in imaginative forms to pass it on to future generations.

Mitigasi Bencana Alam di Kek Tanjung Lesung, Sudahkah Hyogo Framework for Action Diterapkan?

The threat of natural disasters in Indonesia can occur at any time and has caused suffering for humanity. The tourism industry also feels the impact and consequences of natural disasters. Tsunami on the coast of Banten at the end of 2018 has caused economic losses of up to hundreds of billions in the tourism sector. Mitigation of natural disasters, especially in the tourism industry, is still lacking the attention of the government. In the disaster management system, the state is the main actor who has full responsibility for dealing with the effects of natural disasters. The Government of Indonesia in 2005 ratified the 2005-2015 Hyogo Framework for Action as the government's guidelines in dealing with natural disasters, especially in the field of natural disaster mitigation. This study examines the implementation of HFA concerning natural disaster mitigation in the Special Economic Zone of Tanjung Lesung-Banten, and Cikadu Tourism Village Community. Socio-legal research is used as a research method and uses qualitative data analysis that is analytical descriptive and emphasizes primary data as the main data. This data was obtained by interview and observation. As for supporting primary data, library research is conducted. Based on the results of the study it can be seen that the Government of Indonesia has implemented the HFA by making Law No. 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management, but in practice law enforcement has not been felt by Banten coastal communities other than that there is no habit or cultural awareness of disaster response in the community.

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Mechanisms for School-Aged Children in Flood and Landslide Vulnerable Areas in the Province of Bukidnon

This study assessed the disaster risk reduction and management mechanisms of schools in the province of Bukidnon, analyzed the adequacy and gaps of the disaster risk reduction and management mechanisms implemented in schools, and proposed a model of school-based disaster risk reduction and management network. The findings showed that the five priority actions established by the Hyogo Framework for Action on which the Department of Education Manual was anchored were not substantially achieved. Moreover, the DRRM mechanisms on disaster prevention, disaster mitigation, and disaster preparedness were fairly adequate, while disaster preparedness was somewhat adequate. Based on the findings, an integrated model of school-based disaster risk reduction and management (SBDRRM) network of vulnerable communities was proposed emphasizing a bottom-up approach, three-focal point system representing the susceptible areas under the school divisions of Bukidnon, Malaybalay and Valencia, multisectoral collaboration, and inclusion of DRRM in school curricula.

Drivers of Change in National Disaster Governance under the Hyogo Framework for Action

Many suggestions have been made on what motivates countries to expand their measures for disaster risk reduction (DRR), including the frequency and severity of natural hazards, accountability mechanisms, and governance capacity. Despite the fact that theoretical arguments have been developed and evidence collected from small-scale case studies, few studies have attempted to explain the substantial variation in the adoption of DRR measures across countries. This study combines available data on DRR measures, natural hazard events, governance, and socioeconomic characteristics to provide a systematic assessment of the changes that have occurred in the state of DRR at the national level. In line with theoretical explanations, there are indeed associations between several measures of frequency and severity and the development of DRR status. Additionally, voice and accountability mechanisms, as well as development aid, might facilitate positive change. Although these first results of a global comparative study on change in DRR have to be taken cautiously, it is a step forward to understanding the drivers of change at the national level.

Implementing the Sendai Framework in Africa: Progress Against the Targets (2015\u20132018)

Five years after almost all African states signed the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR), disasters still have a significant impact on the populations of Africa, their livelihoods, and the infrastructure on which they depend. In contrast with the period of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015, African countries not only adopted the SFDRR but also internalized the various priorities by developing an additional five targets applicable to the continent. This article takes a look at the progress made in Africa against the SFDRR and its seven targets thus far. To determine the progress, a mixed methods research approach was followed. The research found that African states are making progress, but decisive action is needed to reach the 2030 targets of the SFDRR. Much better data and information management are needed, and the limitations towards reaching the SFDRR targets must translate into community-based actions geared towards resilience building.

Evolução da participação social na legislação brasileira sobre gestão de riscos ambientais

A legislação brasileira vem passando por modificações ao longo da história, assim como o Sistema Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil - SINPDEC. A Constituição Federal de 1988 é um marco da redemocratização do país e de fomento à participação social na gestão pública. Buscou-se analisar no presente estudo como a sociedade vem sendo inserida no SINPDEC, e em especial as formas de participação na fase da prevenção de riscos ambientais. Foram selecionadas para análise cinco Leis relacionadas ao referido Sistema, promulgadas nos anos de 1988, 1993, 2005, 2010 e 2012. Utilizou-se quatro categorias de análise: 1) formas de inserção da sociedade civil no sistema em instâncias deliberativas; 2) mobilização comunitária; 3) difusão da educação preventiva no ambiente escolar; e 4) capacitação de recursos humanos. Dentre as categorias estudadas, a difusão da educação preventiva no ambiente escolar alcançou grande avanço na legislação. Contudo, com as reformas políticas atuais há ameaça de retrocesso nesta área. No geral, observaram-se vários avanços e alguns recuos ao longo das últimas décadas, mas essas leis buscam acompanhar as tendências internacionais, especialmente os Marcos de Ação de Sendai e Hyogo.

Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA): A case study of Nigeria

Objective: This paper uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to rank main actions and their associated task areas outlined in the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) in the case of Nigeria. The focus is on three major challenges namely (1) stakeholder inclusiveness, (2) capacity building and communication and (3) local adaptation. Methods: The perceptions of a sample of 26 field disaster management experts on the HFA were studied and analyzed using AHP. The study found that "Disaster Preparedness" is the most important expected goal followed by "Risk Assessment and Early Warning." Results: Their priority indices are 0.258 and 0.219, respectively. "Local/City Governance" however, shows poor performance with a priority index of 0.085. Monte Carlo simulation was further applied to examine the robustness of the AHP assessments. Conclusion: The results are indicative of the perceptions of the performance levels attained and the areas that need improvement.

Applying COSO Internal Control Framework to Disaster Management Evaluation According to Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) in Iraq.

Applying COSO Internal Control Framework to Disaster Management Evaluation According to Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) in Iraq.

Operationalizing resilience: A content analysis of flood disaster planning in two coastal cities in Central Java, Indonesia

Global concern has sought to connect resilience with the field of disaster risk reduction, which was prominent in the Hyogo Framework for Action (2005–2015) and updated in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030). However, defining disaster risk reduction and resilience as policy goals geared towards reducing vulnerability and minimizing risk requires a closer examination. This research examines operationalization of resilience in programs and budgets of development plans in Indonesian cities. This paper investigates the documentation of planning policies in the Indonesian context, examining National to local level efforts. The research specifically analyzes case studies at two cities, Semarang and Tegal, and highlights how these sites have accommodated the term resilience to address flooding. The scope of the research focuses on flooding as it is the most commonly experienced hazard across Indonesia. Content analysis is applied to assess identified planning documents. The content analysis is further verified through focus group discussions among key stakeholders. Findings indicate that there are fourteen areas of plans/programs in terms of reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, improved management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness to address flooding in the two selected cities. The elaboration of resilience-related programmes provides important lessons, namely that operationalizing resilience should be integrative and comprehensive, and require both short-term actionable initiative(s) and long-term transformative frameworks.

Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance to Manage Disaster Risk: Output of the Global Forum on Science and Technology for Disaster Resilience 2017

The importance of disaster risk governance was stated in the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) in 2005. However, effective measures towards strengthening disaster risk governance from the science and technology community have not been sufficiently implemented since then. In the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) in 2015, “strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk” was established as one of the four action items, and many roles for the science and technology community were stated in the SFDRR. This report introduces the discussions and outcomes regarding the role of the science and technology community in strengthening disaster risk governance at the Global Forum on Science and Technology for Disaster Resilience 2017.

Role Played by Science and Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction: From Framework Planning to Implementation

The Hyogo Framework for Action, which was adopted in 2005, promotes the creation and strengthening of national platforms designated as national integrated disaster risk reduction (DRR) mechanisms. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (the Sendai Framework) emphasizes the role played by science and technology in DRR decision-making and the importance of the support provided by the international scientific and technological community in DRR. The Global Forum on Science and Technology for Disaster Resilience 2017 (Tokyo Forum 2017) agreed to formulate guidelines supporting national platforms for DRR by efficiently utilizing scientific and technological tools and producing a synthesis report on disaster science and technology. Since each country is attributed the primary responsibility for implementing the aforementioned agreement according to its national needs and conditions, it should develop a mechanism that allows all stakeholders to share information on science and technology for DRR in their own language. Each national platform should review the status and issues of ongoing DRR efforts based on scientific and technological knowledge, enhance multi-sectoral discussion among various stakeholders about how DRR should be implemented in the country, and achieve consensus on the practical measures to be designed and implemented from a macro perspective. This paper defines a series of actions to be performed by the national platform of each country as the “Nation’s Synthesis” and proposes the relevant functions and international cooperation frameworks to be established.

Integrating disaster risk reduction with sustainable development goals: Mechanism analysis and readiness of stakeholders

Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) on disaster risk reduction (DRR) has not been fully implemented, but now there is a rise of awareness and need to integrate a new DRR Framework with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Facing this perspective, Indonesian stakeholders also aware about the importance of integrating DRR with SDGs, but they need to consider related aspects such as mechanism analysis and readiness of stakeholders. This analytical descriptive study aimed to analyse the causative factors of disasters and any response needed, as well as portrays the readiness of regional disaster managers in fulfilling the global DRR agenda. The study was conducted in some particular provinces and districts with the incidence of volcano eruption (North Sumatera Province), mining-related disaster (Bombana District, South-East Sulawesi Province), and floods (Bandung District, West Java. Primary data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions. Results of the study found several important findings, which were disaster management had not become one of the priorities of district’s development program, DRR has not been integrated both in development and in implementation of regular development program. After the focus group discussion, stakeholders has become more convinced that disaster disturbs the development program, therefore several disaster managers began to consider the importance of DRR, evaluate the impact of disaster on development, and integrate DRR with SDGs. There had been no comprehensive calculation of the impact of disaster on SDGs achievement because of several constraint, which must be faced in the implementation of the integration of DRR with SDGs. The findings highlight the importance of advocacy efforts for disaster management and capacity building for stakeholders in the future.

INCEPTION OF 3Es IN PROMOTING DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIES LIVING NEAR HYDROPOWER DAMS OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Excessive rain pattern has been the major cause contributing to flooding of low land due to excess water release from affected dams. This deliberate measure has to be taken to prevent the catastrophic effect of a dam break scenario. Therefore, this kind of disaster is considered as a local phenomenon. The local communities are the vulnerable population to face the immediate impact of such disaster. Needless to mention that they are also first emergency responders which is crucial for saving lives. It is therefore imperative for the involved stakeholders to improve local communities’ resilience to dam related disasters. This resonates well with the Hyogo Framework for Action, which identify local communities as integral cornerstone for saving lives and livelihoods. In the case of communities living near main hydropower dams owned by Tenaga Nasional Berhad, an initiative known as Integrated Community Based Disaster Management (ICBDM) has been launched in May 2015. This initiative adopts the concept of 3Es; embrace, educate and empower. The priority is to ensure the vulnerable communities embrace the reality, being educated to face any upcoming situation as well as being empowered to take charge of immediate live saving efforts in the future. The initiative involves five key scopes encompassing technical and non-technical areas and promotes the strategic partnerships between dam owner, authority and the community. It is anticipated that this initiative will build the resilience of communities to dam related disaster.

Questioning network governance for disaster risk management: Lessons learnt from landslide risk management in Uganda

The international agenda for disaster risk reduction, through the Hyogo Framework for Action and the Sendai Framework for disaster risk reduction, promotes decentralised platforms as an indispensable strategy to achieve effective and efficient disaster risk management. Based on empirical data from the Rwenzori Mountains region, we question the implications of this type of network governance for disaster risk management. We embed our observations in an analytical framework that combines literature on network governance with insights from politics of disaster, notably scale and blame theories. In this study, we investigate the implications for disaster risk reduction through the analysis of three processes of scale structuration observed in contemporary West Uganda: (i) incomplete decentralisation, (ii) blame dissolution, and (iii) scale jumping. We argue that decentralised platforms in Uganda co-produce unequal risk, as they are used as spatial tactics to centralise power for the ruling party and enable blame dissolution and scale jumping. From our analysis we draw broader conclusions on drivers and implications of the implementation of disaster network governance in countries that are primarily governed hierarchically and that endorse the international frameworks of disaster risk reduction.

Flood Resilience Building in Thailand: Assessing Progress and the Effect of Leadership

Disaster risk reduction has become a global strategy for making cities more resilient since the establishment of the Hyogo Framework for Action in 2005. The question that still challenges emergency management scholars and professionals, however, is what contributes to the progress of resilience building. Previous literature suggests that disaster resilience can be attributable to multiple factors, including leadership. But the specific abilities that help leaders promote resilience have not yet been examined empirically. To address this problem, using the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction 10 Essentials for Making Cities Resilient as guidelines, we assessed the progress of flood resilience building in Thailand and its relationship to local government leaders’ abilities. Our research showed that, since the flood disaster in 2011, municipalities in Thailand have made moderate progress in flood resilience building. The results of a multiple regression analysis revealed that disaster resilience leadership abilities have had a statistically significant, positive effect on the progress of flood resilience building. Our findings underscore the role of leadership in making cities more resilient and shed light on how local government leaders can contribute to the progress of disaster risk reduction. We also outline the academic implications and practical contributions of our research.

An evaluation framework for disaster risk management in Egypt

Natural hazards are likely to increase in frequency and magnitude owing to climate change and urbanisation. Therefore, disaster risk management (DRM) and related issues have recently come to the fore and become an essential need. The Hyogo framework for action (HFA) noted the importance of ensuring that the disaster risk reduction (DRR) is considered a national and local priority as well through the assessment and monitoring of the DRM. This paper aims at presenting an adequate method to evaluate the DRM system to form a comprehensive view of its strengths and weaknesses. In this regard, a framework is presented to assess the national DRM through a quantitative method for evaluating its efficiency criteria. In order to do that, a set of indicators is established to evaluate these criteria. Egyptian DRM is evaluated using the proposed framework to identify the weaknesses associated with the current system and the challenges facing it.

An assessment on the effective preparedness and disaster response: The case of Santa Rosa City, Laguna

Abstract The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 was adopted at the Third UN World Conference in Sendai, Japan, in 2015. It is the successor instrument to the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters. The Sendai Framework emphasizes the need for a shift from disaster management to disaster risk management, rather than reactive response. The new DRR framework also revised its priority areas which can be aligned to the new “Ten Essentials of Making a City Resilient”. An independent preliminary assessment using the LGSAT as a guide can inform us if the new priority areas are addressed. This paper presents the assessment of a city in Laguna, namely Santa Rosa City to gather baseline data for a more rigorous and detailed study. The assessment report presents the scores on the level of progress that focuses on Essential 9, “Ensuring Effective Preparedness and Disaster Response” aligned to priority 4 of the Sendai Framework. Based on the assessment of City of Santa Rosa, the major natural hazards that the city will face are typhoons, flood due to its proximity to Laguna Lake and Earthquake due to West Valley fault that passes through Barangay Sto. Domingo. The City of Santa Rosa is doing its best to effectively prepare the city for disasters to happen and to respond quickly to avoid further damage to people and infrastructure. However, City of Santa Rosa only has an average score of 3.67 based on the score on the level of progress on the preliminary assessment to “Effective Preparedness and Disaster Response”, substantial achievement has been attained, but with some recognized deficiencies in commitment, financial resources or operational capacities.