Background: Consequences after oncological operations of the upper jaw are varying degrees of eating, swallowing and breathing disorders, from which the patient suffers biologically. Speaking is also affected in varying degrees, which makes the patient socially inferior as well. Often the newly formed communication between the oral and nasal cavity takes away the possibility of normal nasal breathing, food residue pass through the resulting opening, its decomposition result in chronic inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Patients maxillary resection post-surgery stage require maintaining of good oral hygiene and appropriate materials usage for laboratory development of obturators.Objective: The purpose of this study is to review the literature data assessing the risk of bacterial infection in the treatment of patients with maxillary defects treated by different types of obturators.Discussion: Surgical treatment of cancer and other pathological conditions in the maxillofacial area lead to different size, location and type of defects of soft and hard tissues that impair appearance and aesthetic look of the face of the operated patients. Changes that occur in appearance and functional disorders are directly dependent on the size and type of defect after the operation. The problems after maxillary resection are often exacerbated by concomitant radiotherapy, and leads to dry mouth, difficulty swallowing and impaired speech intelligibility.The prosthetic treatment of patients after maxillary resection is accompanied by many difficulties and problems. Patients maxillary obturators after the bone resection can cause risk of bacterial infection. This is more commonly observed because of silicone materials and buccal flange sealers application. The acrylic and light-curing plastics usage significantly reduces the risk of infection. Nevertheless, disinfectant solutions irrigation and good oral hygiene maintenance are mandatory. Their use is considered to significantly reduce the risk of bacterial infection during all stages of prosthetic treatmentConclusion: Prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with maximal resection requires the specific treatment modalities usage. The type and shape of prosthetic structures, as well as the choice of materials for their construction, must ensure good oral hygiene. The use of disinfectants significantly reduces the risk of bacterial infection, especially when silicone materials are applied.