Hygienic Conditions Research Articles

CARIES PREVENTION IN CHILDREN WITH INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of the developed complex measures for the prevention of dental caries in children with infectious mononucleosis. Materials and methods. To determine the effectiveness of preventive measures over time, 34 children with infectious mononucleosis (main group) and 32 practically healthy children (comparison group) were observed for 2 years. Prevention in the children of the main group was carried out according to the scheme of developed measures, while in the children of the comparison group, it followed regional protocols for providing dental care. Results. During two years of observation, the intensity of dental caries in children who received the developed preventive complex increased more slowly than in children who received the usual preventive measures. After two years, caries intensity in the children of the main group was 5.23±0.21 teeth, which was 1.13 times less than in the children of the comparison group (5.95±0.27 teeth, p˂0.05). The increase in dental caries intensity in children of the main group during the entire observation period was 1.02±0.12 teeth, which was 1.72 times less than in children who did not receive the developed preventive complex (1.75±0.18 teeth, p˂0.05). After two years, the state of oral hygiene according to the OHI-S index in the children of the main group was assessed as satisfactory (1.63±0.09 points, p˂0.05). However, in children who did not receive the developed therapeutic and preventive measures, the Green-Vermillion index was almost 1.4 times higher than in the main group (2.21±0.07 points, p˂0.05), corresponding to unsatisfactory oral hygiene. Conclusions. Therefore, two years of observation using the developed preventive complex showed that in children with dental caries and infectious mononucleosis who received preventive measures, there was a decrease in dental caries intensity and an improvement in oral hygiene, indicating the high effectiveness of our proposed preventive algorithm.

Knowledge, attitude and practice on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and COVID-19 among households in rural Bangladesh

Enhanced water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions can significantly reduce the incidence of communicable diseases and deaths related to diarrhea by up to 65%. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advocates regular handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds as an effective measure to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to assess rural Bangladeshi households' perceptions and knowledge concerning the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as their understanding, attitudes, and practices regarding water, sanitation, and hygiene. A cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2020 and December 2020 to evaluate knowledge and practices related to safe water, sanitation, personal hygiene, and COVID-19 in rural Bangladesh. Self-administered questionnaires, pre-tested for reliability, were utilized to collect self-reported data, which were subsequently analyzed descriptively. Of the study participants, 66.78% were female, with a mean age of 40. The majority (92.36%) demonstrated adequate knowledge of personal hygiene, although 66.78% had not received hygiene education, and a significant proportion reported low levels of hygiene practices (17.28%). Nearly all respondents (98%) reported having access to a pit latrine, either with or without a seal, yet 63.12% indicated that their toilets become unusable during floods, and 29% admitted to practicing open defecation. While nearly all respondents were aware of the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, only 46% had a comprehensive understanding of its transmission dynamics. Moreover, knowledge about preventive measures against the pandemic was found to be limited. Despite understanding the importance of handwashing, reported hand hygiene practices were inadequate among rural households. Additionally, a majority reported inadequate management of child feces, household waste, and sludge tanks. While awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic was high, a substantial proportion of respondents lacked understanding of its transmission and prevention methods. Moreover, fewer respondents reported using hand sanitizer when venturing outside for work. Future research should explore the impact of these behaviors on health outcomes and propose targeted interventions to improve hygiene practices. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 12(1 & 2): 11-21, 2023 (June & December)

Salivary Histamine Levels in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus Lesions.

Background and Objectives: An oral lichen planus (OLP) chronic lesion refers to a group of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) that still lack a proper understanding from the point of view of relevant biomarkers for diagnostics and prognosis. The aim of the study was to assess the salivary histamine levels in patients with oral lichen planus lesions. Materials and Methods: The study included a group of 76 patients with oral lichen planus. General diseases and medication taken, smoking habits, severity of pain assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS), oral hygiene status, and duration of OLP were evaluated. ELISA diagnostics for histamines in saliva levels were assessed. Results: The histamine levels in the OLP group were higher (0.468) in comparison with the control group (0.056), without a statistically significant value p = 0.090 (Mann-Whitney U Test). The median age of 76 OLP patients was 63 years (min 22.0-max. 81), with the biological sex being 80.3% females and 15 19.7% males. The average duration of OLP lesion presence was 29.4 months (SD 37.1) and the median value was 14.5 months. The median of the VAS was 3.0. OLP assessment in accordance with the Malhotra methodology showed the highest frequency-30.3% for only two of the point areas involved and 17.1% for three points. Clinical assessment of the different OLP grades, severity, and oral site involvement and the VAS in correlation with histamine salivary levels showed a lack of statistical significance in the investigated population. Conclusions: Undertaking further research could provide further possibilities for searching for general factors in OLP development.

Биологическое загрязнение почв побочными продуктами животноводства

By-products of animal husbandry (BPAH) such as manure, manure effluents (ME) are widely used as organic fertilizers. The main disadvantage of the appropriate fertilizers is the high content of microorganisms (MO) untypical to uncontaminated natural environments, including pathogenic ones. Currently used natural methods of BPAH neutralization can significantly reduce the risks of transferring pathogenic and opportunistic MO into fertilized soil, but do not completely exclude them. The study examined the effects of long-term (more than 7 years) introduction of a neutralized liquid fraction (LF) of pork ME and cattle ME on the chemical composition and sanitary and hygienic condition of the soil of arable fields and wooded areas located at 500 m from the boundaries of the fields. Prolonged application of LF led to an increase in the content of organic matter, mobile phosphorus, potassium and sulfur, an increase in the amount of absorbed bases, a decrease in metabolic acidity in arable land compared with adjacent forest areas. However the sanitary condition of both arable land and adjacent territories deteriorated significantly. A significant increase in the total microbial number (TMN) was revealed in all soil samples in comparison to the normative indicators. Particularly high values of TMN were found in soil fertilized with cattle manure. The corresponding soil was characterized by the highest content of organic matter and neutral reactions of the environment, which provided favorable conditions for the active development of saprophytic microbiota. Fresh faecal contamination was detected in all selected soil samples. Soils are characterized as highly polluted. According to the indicators of the index Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and Clostridium perfringens, the soils of all studied sites are moderately dangerous. Higher values of the corresponding indices were found in arable land fertilized by the LF of pork farms and in the territories adjacent to arable land. In the course of sanitary and bacteriological studies, eggs of helminthes were not found in the soil.

Antimicrobial Resistance: Challenges in Wartime - Ukrainian Perspective

The excessive and uncontrolled use of antibiotics in healthcare and agriculture has become the main cause of antibiotic resistance and the spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in the environment. Every year, antibiotic resistance continues to grow worldwide, posing a significant challenge for humanity. The World Health Organization recognizes antibiotic resistance as one of the top 10 global threats to public health, jeopardizing the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal. The consequences of antimicrobial resistance extend beyond the effective treatment of infections; it is a public health issue with global consequences. Socioeconomic losses and environmental threats are closely linked to this problem. Moreover, antibiotic resistance has long-term and unpredictable consequences related to wars and military conflicts. The impact of the war and a clear understanding of the global scope of antibiotic resistance as a result of hostilities can be seen through the outcome of russia's invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. This military conflict not only highlighted the importance of preserving human life and promoting peaceful development at both national and global levels but also revealed potential risks for various global environmental issues, particularly the increasing spread of antibiotic resistance. The disruption caused by the war has transformed the issue of antibiotic resistance in Ukraine from a national concern to a powerful factor that affects the global scale of this problem, transcending borders. During the war, resources and priorities have shifted toward military needs, relegating human health and environmental protection to secondary importance. Migration and loss of highly qualified medical specialists and biologists, deterioration of the environmental situation, sanitary, hygienic conditions, lack of food resources and medicines, and other factors directly and indirectly contribute to the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance globally. This review demonstrates the relevance of the issue of antibiotic resistance, the main mechanisms of the development and spread of antibiotic resistance, the global scale and consequences of antibiotic resistance due to the war in Ukraine and aims to provide an overview of international initiatives to reduce antibiotic resistance, in particular the “One Health” concept and strategies, which are currently being implemented. Solving the issue of antibiotic resistance globally and at the level of the country affected by war requires a comprehensive approach, which includes mandatory systematic surveillance of antibiotic resistance, control of the use of antimicrobial drugs, informing all segments of society about the use of antimicrobial drugs and the consequences of antibiotic resistance, the introduction of educational programs to prevent an improper use of antibiotics, environmentally safe methods of waste disposal in medical, food, and other enterprises that produce or use antibiotics, safe disposal of antibiotics, etc.

Screening of Candida spp. in wastewater in Brazil during COVID-19 pandemic: workflow for monitoring fungal pathogens

Fungal diseases are often linked to poverty, which is associated with poor hygiene and sanitation conditions that have been severely worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, COVID-19 patients are treated with Dexamethasone, a corticosteroid that promotes an immunosuppressive profile, making patients more susceptible to opportunistic fungal infections, such as those caused by Candida species. In this study, we analyzed the prevalence of Candida yeasts in wastewater samples collected to track viral genetic material during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified the yeasts using polyphasic taxonomy. Furthermore, we investigated the production of biofilm and hydrolytic enzymes, which are known virulence factors. Our findings revealed that all Candida species could form biofilms and exhibited moderate hydrolytic enzyme activity. We also proposed a workflow for monitoring wastewater using Colony PCR instead of conventional PCR, as this technique is fast, cost-effective, and reliable. This approach enhances the accurate taxonomic identification of yeasts in environmental samples, contributing to environmental monitoring as part of the One Health approach, which preconizes the monitoring of possible emergent pathogenic microorganisms, including fungi.

Novel thiolated pluronic anchored gastro-retentive SEDDS of azithromycin against peptic ulcer

Peptic ulcer disease is a substantial health issue worldwide, owing to excessive use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and poor hygienic conditions. Numerous therapeutic approaches including antibiotics and PPIs are commonly used, but these therapies are rendered with multi-drug resistance, increased frequency of dosing, less retention time, deceased safety, efficacy, and non-patient compliance. Herein, azithromycin (AZM), an expansive-spectrum antibiotic with notable anti-ulcer efficiency was integrated into a thiolated pluronic self- emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) to enhance its solubility, mucoadhesion, stability, gastro-retention, and targeted drug delivery. Pluronics are triblock copolymers with excellent biocompatibility and amphiphilic properties, widely used in drug delivery, disease diagnosis, and treatment, among other applications. In vitro and in vivo tests were performed to assess the drug-release kinetics, H-pylori clearance, and efficacy. The optimized formulation possessed a size of 357 nm, PDI ≤ 0.5 and a zeta potential of 30 mV. Drug release was 85 % in 72 h, following Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Thiolated SEDDS proved to be extremely potent in eradicating bacterial load (40-load) when compared to alternative formulations. Furthermore, the retention duration, biofilm elimination and nanoparticle uptake were maximized. This novel thiolated SEDDS composition is highly recommended as it holds promising potential to markedly enhance the therapeutic outcomes of AZM in peptic ulcer treatment and overcomes the restrictions of current methodologies. The study not only boosts scientific comprehension of more effective drug-delivery techniques but also recommends significant implications for the broader disciplines of gastroenterology and personalized medicine.

Superhydrophobic coatings reduce human bacterial foodborne pathogen attachment to woods used in fresh produce harvest and postharvest packing

Wood is reportedly more difficult to maintain in hygienic condition versus other food contact materials, yet its use in produce packing and retail warrants efforts to reduce the risk of microbial pathogen contamination and attachment. This study characterized antifouling capabilities of fluorinated silanes applied to wood used in fresh edible produce handling to render the wood superhydrophobic and less supportive of bacterial pathogen attachment. Pine and oak cubic coupon surfaces were treated with 1% (w/w) silane or left untreated. Treated and untreated coupons were inoculated with Salmonella enterica or Listeria monocytogenes and held to facilitate pathogen attachment for 1, 4, or 8 h. Silane treatment of wood produced significant reductions in the proportions of strongly attaching cells for both pathogens versus loosely attaching cells (P < 0.01). Salmonella attachment demonstrated a dependency on wood treatment; silane-treated wood supported a lower fraction of strongly adhering cells (1.87 ± 1.24 log CFU/cm2) versus untreated wood (3.72 ± 0.67 log CFU/cm2). L. monocytogenes demonstrated significant declines in strongly attaching cells during extended exposure to silane-treated wood, from 7.59 ± 0.14 to 5.27 ± 0.68 log CFU/cm2 over 8 h post-inoculation. Microscopic analysis demonstrated silane treatment increased the surface roughness of both woods, leading to superhydrophobic conditions on wood surfaces, consequently decreasing strong attachment of pathogenic bacteria.

Clinical Study and Microbiological Analysis of Periodontopathogenic Microflora Analyzed among Children and Adolescents with Cardiovascular Diseases Compared to Group with Good General Status.

Periodontal diseases, as an important part of oral pathology, present different characteristics when affecting children and adolescents or young adults. Studies have shown that adolescence and childhood are closely related to a high risk of periodontal disease, but the follow-up for periodontal health or damage at this age has been insufficiently appreciated until now. The aim of this study was to identify subgingival microorganisms using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a group of children and adolescents aged 7-17 years with and without cardiovascular disease. The group of 62 subjects with gingival inflammation and poor hygiene was divided into two groups according to general condition: 31 subjects with carduivascular disease (group A) and 31 subjects without cardiovascular disease (group C). Subjects were examined in the initial consultation, the state of hygiene and periodontal inflammation was assessed using the plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI), and samples were taken from the gingival sulcus using sterile paper cones to determine nine subgingival microorganisms. Nine subgingival microorganisms were identified: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Treponema denticola (Td), Tannerella forsythias (Tf), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Peptostreptococcus (Micromonas) micros (Pm), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Eubacterium nodatum (En), and Capnocytophaga gingivalis (Cg). The patients were included in a specialist treatment program which aimed to relieve the inflammatory condition, remove local irritative factors, and train the patients to perform proper oral hygiene at home by using primary and secondary oral hygiene products. Subjects were reevaluated 3 months after treatment, when measurements for the PI and GI and microbiological determinations were repeated. The results showed a predominance of subjects aged 16-17 years (12.4%). Among the subjects with marked gingival inflammation, the male gender was predominant (58.06%). The PI values changed considerably after treatment, with lower values in patients presenting a general condition without cardiovascular disease (PI = 8.10%) compared with the patients with cardiovascular disease (PI = 13.77%). After treatment, the GI showed considerable changes in both groups. Red, orange, and purple complex microorganisms were found before treatment and decreased considerably after treatment in both groups. The highest values were found for Treponema denticola (140,000 (1.4 × 105)) in patients with cardiovascular disease and generalized gingival inflammation. Of the pathogenic microorganisms, the most common was Tannerella forsythia in 52 patients before treatment, and red microorganisms considerably appeared in only 10 patients after treatment. Capnocytophaga gingivalis remained constant both in the diseased state and after treatment and was consistent with periodontal health. Children with cardiovascular diseases had a higher prevalence of gingival manifestations. The composition of the subgingival microbial plaque was directly influenced by the degree of oral hygiene, but the response to specialized treatment was also influenced by the general health status. The results of this study support the conclusion that periodontal pathogens appear and multiply in the absence of proper hygiene in childhood after the eruption of permanent teeth, and their action leads to the initiation of periodontal diseases.

Pengaruh Menyikat Gigi Terhadap Indek’s DMF-T, Status Kebersihan Gigi Dan Mulut (OHI-S) dan Jenis Makanan Kariogeni

According to the West Kalimantan Provincial Health Service, the individual DMF-T index for residents of West Kalimantan in 2017 recorded 6-7 cases of dental and oral health, the results of research by Rusmali, et al. in 2022 regarding the individual DMF-T index were greater than 3(30.9%). Dental and oral hygiene status (OHI-s) criteria were poor (27.6%) and moderate at 45.3%, while the type of cariogenic food frequently consumed was 45.9%. This type of quantitative is to analyze the effect of tooth brushing on the DMF-T index, OHI-s status and types of cariogenic foods that are often consumed every day, the tools used are survey sheets and questionnaires, the method used is Purposive sampling, univariate, bivariate analysis and multivariate with Regression test. The results are that on average residents brush their teeth twice a day (67.7%), their individual DMF-T index is 3-5 (32.3%), OHI-s status is medium criteria (48%), consume cariogenic foods (38 .9%), Adjt R2 value (0.9%), correlation number R (0.8) is close to 1.

Review Article: Understanding Influenza-Related Eye Diseases

Eye flu also known as a conjuctivities or red eye is highly contagious disease as well as pink eye is among the most common disease world wild . The prominent system vission. The eye flu which can spread from one person to anotherr person. Opthalmology clinics around the world see a lot of patients with conjuctivities viral conjuctivities followed by bacterial conjuctivies is the most common cause of infection eye flu while allergic and toxin –induced eye flu are among the most common non - infection etiologics . One of the most typical causes of red eyes,conjuctivities strickes people of all ages and sociocconomic background.the majority of infection conjuctivities causes,upto 75% of them are caused by viral conjuctivities.this overviews briefly describe current literature findings ophthalmology related to corunavirus disease that become a worldwide pandemic. Virous account for 80% of all cases of acute cunjunctivities and adenoviruses ; entrovirus and herpes virus are the common causative agent in general , viral conjuctivities spreads easily .Opthalmology clinics around the world see a lot of patient with conjuctivities . severe pain , impaired vision and a painful pupillary reaction are red flags for more serious intraocular disorders that should be taken into account while treating suspected cases of conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis in children is very contagious ,and if hygiene condition are not observed or treated carelessly,it is easily transferred to a heathly eye or from person to person . bacteria and viruses a head the list of organisms capable of invading the exposed cunjunctiva.

Neuroimaging findings from a case of neurocysticercosis

Introduction: Human cysticercosis occurs when humans ingest Taenia solium eggs from the fecal-oral route. The infection in the central nervous system is called neurocysticercosis and is considered the principal cause of late-onset epilepsy in endemic countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Case report: 71-year-old female in a state of neglect with a medical history of untreated rheumatoid arthritis. She presented her first seizure episode. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging with contrast reported parenchymal and subarachnoid neurocysticercosis in different stages. Discussion: The high incidence of neurocysticercosis in endemic countries is associated with poverty conditions such as less hygienic conditions and permanent contact with domestic animals. The four stages of classification of neurocysticercosis is useful for pathologists and radiologists to identify the life cycle of the parasite within the body and the specific imaging findings of each phase. After diagnosis, treatment includes the use of niclosamide or praziquantel. Conclusions: neurocysticercosis is a public health problem in endemic countries that requires further attention. Clinical manifestations are variable and neuroimaging findings are essential to making a correct diagnosis.

Investigation the Influence of Stress on Salivary Features, Oral Hygiene and Gingival Health Condition among a Group of Adolescents Male Students

Investigation the Influence of Stress on Salivary Features, Oral Hygiene and Gingival Health Condition among a Group of Adolescents Male Students

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА СМЕШЕНИЯ ОСНОВНЫХ КОМПОНЕНТОВ АДСОРБИРУЮЩЕГО ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОГО СРЕДСТВА

The results of research on the study of the mixing process to develop the basic composition of an adsorbent hygienic product for keeping animals and birds in accordance with sanitary standards are presented. The possibility of using a rotary ball mill as the most effective apparatus for grinding and mixing and a turbulent mixer, ensuring high homogeneity when mixing the main ingredients of mixtures, is investigated. In result of studying the processes of mixing the main ingredients in the preparation of an adsorbent hygiene product in various mixing units, an effective basic composition of an adsorbent hygiene product is obtained. Moreover, the components chalk M-5, attapulgite and synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide, obtained by mixing in a turbulent mixer and corresponding to the required specific surface area of 12000 cm2/g, which will provide the necessary sorption capacity and thereby ensure a reduction in pathogenic microflora in places where farm animals and poultry are kept. The developed basis of an adsorbent hygienic powder product, due to its significant specific surface area, will provide a high degree of moisture absorption and create the required level of sanitary and hygienic conditions for keeping animals and birds. Creating a favorable climate for keeping farm animals and poultry will significantly prevent the proliferation of bacteria, which will entail a significant reduction in the consumption of antibiotics when raising farm animals, reduce the level of unpleasant odors, and provide a dry environment for keeping animals and birds

Relationship between the presence of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA and oral hygiene condition in dependent older individuals

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the association between the presence of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) DNA and oral hygiene condition in dependent older adults.MethodsWe focused on 45 dependent older individuals (11 males and 34 females; median age 89 years) with certified needs for long‐term support or nursing care. Real‐time PCR analysis was performed to identify HSV‐1 DNA from samples collected from the tongue surface via swab brushes. Concurrently, the detection of the 16S rRNA gene for periodontopathic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum was conducted.ResultsAmong the participants, HSV‐1 DNA was detected in seven out of 45 (15.6%). No significant association was observed between HSV‐1 DNA and age, sex, body mass index, dependency status, or medical history. While the rate of HSV‐1 DNA positivity was higher in participants with suboptimal or poor oral hygiene (28.6%) compared with those with good oral hygiene (9.7%), the association was not statistically significant. Similarly, a reduction in oral wetness was noted in HSV‐1 DNA‐positive participants compared with their HSV‐1 DNA‐negative counterparts, but this was also not statistically significant. Interestingly, a significant association was found between the presence of HSV‐1 DNA and P. gingivalis (P = 0.01).ConclusionIt remains unclear whether the presence of oral HSV‐1 DNA is associated with poor oral hygiene and dry mouth in dependent older individuals. Co‐infection of HSV‐1 and P. gingivalis may contribute to the pathology of periodontitis.

The Effects of Slaughter Methods and Drying Temperatures on the Protein Hydrolysis of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal.

In recent years, the potential of insects as a sustainable protein alternative to feed the growing world population has been explored. Differences in the ways insects are processed can affect their proximate composition and digestibility. This work studied the effects of the combination of different types of slaughter methods and drying temperatures on the proximate composition, organic matter digestibility (OMd), hydrolysis degree (DH/NH2 and DH/100 g DM), total hydrolysis (TH), and hygienic and sanitary characteristics of BSFL (black soldier fly larvae) meal. Four types of slaughter methods were used including freezing (F), blanching + freezing (B), Melacide® + freezing (M), and liquid nitrogen slaughter (N). Each of these was used with three drying temperatures (50, 70, and 90 °C). A negative correlation between the acid detergent fiber (ADF) and protein digestibility parameters was obtained. The most suitable drying temperature was 70 °C, as it produced higher values of protein digestibility (DH and TH), resulting in hygienic and sanitary conditions suitable for food use. Slaughtering with liquid nitrogen and blanching was more conducive to achieving high protein digestibility results than traditional freezing or the use of Melacide®.

Oral status of older adults receiving home medical care: A cross-sectional study.

This study examined the oral status and the presence of teeth requiring treatment among older adults receiving home medical care. This cross-sectional study was conducted at a Japanese dental clinic specializing in geriatric treatment. We recruited older adults receiving home medical care in the community who had begun to receive domiciliary dental care. The Japanese version of the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT-J), as well as the presence of teeth requiring extraction and the need for assistance in maintaining oral hygiene were used to evaluate the participants' oral health and its association with other items. Ninety-three participants (44 male and 49 female, median age: 87.0 years) were surveyed. The median OHAT-J score was 6. The duration since the previous dental visit was 23 months. Sixty-two (73.8%) of 84 participants with ≥1 natural tooth had severe caries or teeth with severe mobility that required extraction. Logistic analysis revealed that requiring assistance in maintaining oral hygiene, mild dementia, severe dementia, and depression were significantly associated with an OHAT score of ≥6. Older adults receiving home medical care had poor oral health, with approximately 70% of them requiring tooth extraction. The need for assistance in maintaining oral hygiene and poor mental status contribute to poor oral health. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 706-714.

Two years outcome of an individualized oral health preventive program for preschool children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Limited data exist on the effectiveness of oral health preventive programs in children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an individualized preventive oral health program for preschool children with NDD at a rehabilitation center, over a two years period. In this study, 102 preschool children with NDD were assessed for caries (dmft), oral hygiene status (Green & Vermillion Index) and presence of developmental dental defects. An individualized preventive program was applied based on caries risk and children were followed for two years. Effectiveness of the program was assessed for caries and dental plaque change and explanatory individual factors were used in multivariate models. After two years prospective, dmft increased significantly from 1.1 (SD=2.7) to 2.04 (SD=3.6), while GVPI was reduced significantly from 1.8 (SD=0.9) to 1.4 (SD=0.9). Children in the moderate and high-risk groups missed significantly more follow-ups compared to the low caries risk group (p<.001) while older maternal age (OR=1.38, 95%CI=1.057-1.808) and consumption of more than three sugary snacks/day (OR=0.005, 95%CI=0-0.0794) were significantly correlated with dental caries. The individualized preventive program for preschool children with NDD was effective in improving oral hygiene but not dental caries status.

Effect of watery extract of Curcuma longa powder (Turmeric) on multidrug- resistant Bacillus cereus recovered from fresh soft cheeses in Kirkuk

Bacterial contamination is an important cause of foodborne diseases. Herbal medicine is known as botanical medicine or phytomedicine, which means a plant or any part of the plant, is used to prepare medicine to assist in the healing process during illness and disease. Medicinal plants contain natural chemicals, which are acceptable to human and animal systems. Curcumin Is extensively used as an aromatic medicinal cosmetic .It has been in traditional use and it is mentioned as a remedy for various diseases. These findings indicated that action of curcumin had significant inactivation effect on foodborne bacteria, the present study investigate action of curcumin on foodborne bacteria Bacillus cereus (B. cereus). The frequency and distribution pattern of Bacillus cereus in cow soft cheese were investigated indifferent regions in Kirkuk. 50 Pooled soft cheeses samples from different regions in Kirkuk were collected during February until June (2020), ten samples collected monthly from different supermarkets as same as proportion above. Modified procedures for isolation and identification were dependent, Gram stain, oxidase &amp;catalase reaction aid in segregation. Modified Congo red assay used to detect biofilm and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used for determination sensitivity of isolates to ampicillin (AM 10µg),cephalexin (CLX, 30µg), azithromycin (AZM, 15µ) and vancomycin (VA 30µg). The results confirmed recovery of In conclusions. cheese production in Kirkuk are encountered by the problems of bacterial contamination and presence of multidrug resist strain of Bacillus cereus that considered a risk to public health, may be due both insufficient and misuse treatment with antibiotics or in somewhat due to bad quality and/or poor hygiene of processing involved in milk production. Thus recommended monitoring these products for better hygienic status.

Risk factors and integrated assessment of health disorders in teachers of rural comprehensive schools

Teaching is an occupation with high stress levels and extremely poor health indicators, which tend to decline as working records become longer. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors able to cause health issues in teachers of rural comprehensive schools and to determine the significance of clinical and laboratory indices as early indicators. The work uses the results of hygienic, clinical and laboratory studies aimed at assessing health and working conditions of teachers employed at comprehensive schools in rural areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Sanitary and hygienic conditions in classrooms of rural comprehensive schools were assessed in conformity with the Guide R 2.2.2006-05. Medical check-ups resulted in 255 various somatic diseases diagnosed in 70 teachers, overall, 3.64 diseases per one examined teacher. Laboratory tests revealed elevated hemoglobin levels in 20.00 % of the examined female teachers and low ones in 8.57 %. Erythrocytosis was established in 64.29 % of the examined teachers. We also established some slight changes in hematocrit levels, which were elevated in 4.29 % and low in 8.57 % of the examined teachers. Accordingly, in case hemoglobin levels were low, erythrocyte indices MCV and МСН went down as well in 30.00–32.86 % of the female teachers. The number of workers with elevated glucose and cholesterol levels went up as their work records grew longer (the correlation coefficients were 0.94÷0.98). Examination of microflora found in the upper airway mucosa revealed clinically significant contamination, which was mostly represented by cocci bacteria, the most significant microorganisms being Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus spp and β-hаemolytic streptococci. Our integrated study has shown that working conditions at workplaces of teachers in rural comprehensive schools do not conform to safety standards as per work hardness and work intensity (intellectual, emotional and sensory loads). The study results confirm high importance of diagnostic methods as indicators of health issues in teachers employed at comprehensive schools. Preventive measures aimed at protecting teachers’ health in rural areas should consider peculiarities of pathomorphosis that determines their health status.