Washing Hygiene Research Articles

Gambaran Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) dalam Perbaikan Masalah Gizi Balita Stunting di Kecamatan Liang Anggang

Stunting is a disorder of growth and development of children due to chronic malnutrition and repeated infections, which is characterized by their length or height being below the established standard. Stunting is a problem because it is associated with an increased risk of illness and death, a higher risk of being susceptible to non-communicable diseases, suboptimal brain development so that motor development is delayed and mental growth is inhibited. Risk factors for stunting consist of 2 factors, namely direct factors such as food intake and infection, and indirect factors such as environmental health and clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS). This study aims to identify environmental health conditions and PHBS in stunted toddlers in overcoming the problem of stunted toddler nutrition. This type of research is qualitative which is analyzed descriptively and in-depth interviews and observations with research samples being mothers of stunted toddlers from Liang Anggang District (Landasan Ulin Barat, Selatan, Tengah, and Utara Villages). The sampling technique was carried out using the accidental sampling technique. This research was conducted in Liang Anggang District, Banjarbaru City. The results of the study showed that environmental health conditions in Liang Anggang District including water, sanitation, and hygiene wash factors were quite good. The condition of PHBS in households in Liang Anggang District is quite good. There needs to be awareness from the community where the task of forming this awareness is held by health workers who synergize with the community itself so that the community is more aware and pays attention to environmental health and PHBS to avoid stunting.

Greywater heat recovery to the refill water of a dishwasher via paraffin wax and steel wool aided segmental baffle heat exchanger

In this study, the recovery of household dishwasher greywater thermal energy into dishwashing water using paraffin wax and steel wool supported segmental heat exchanger was experimentally investigated. The heat exchange performance was 40% in rapid, economy, and intensive modes and the heat recovery was 0.048, 0.031 and 0.082 kWh, respectively. Efficiency increased by 5.01%, 3.84%, and 6.5%. Time and energy were saved, and hygienic washing was accomplished by raising the washing temperature and reducing the cycle time nearly 97, 113, and 240 s. It is estimated that by using heat exchangers on 16,954,196 dishwashers in use in Turkey, small, medium, and large families can save an average of 127.366, 254.733 and 509.466 GWh per year, respectively, provided they use the three dishwasher modes equally. The annual economic size of the gain and its contribution to emission reduction in CO2 equivalents are $15.793 million, $31.586 million, $63.173 million and 112.974 kt, 225.948 kt, 451.897 kt, respectively. Energy efficiency index of dishwasher increased from 48.84 to 46.97.

Cognizance, Formulation and Health Implications of Polyherbal Feminine Intimate Hygiene Wash

Cognizance, Formulation and Health Implications of Polyherbal Feminine Intimate Hygiene Wash

Active implications for dermatologists in 'SARS-CoV-2 ERA': Personal experience and review of literature.

Linked articles: COVID‐19 SPECIAL FORUM. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34: e346–e380.

Effective hand hygiene-wash your hands and reduce the risk.

Neesha Ridley, Senior Lecturer, University of Central Lancashire, discusses the importance of hand hygiene in preventing healthcare-associated infections.

Acceptability and Effectivity of Four Feminine Wash Products in Maintaining the Physiologic Vaginal pH of Reproductive and Menopausal Age Women

Objective. To determine whether four (4) feminine hygiene wash products maintain normal vaginal pH and are acceptable among reproductive and menopausal age women.
 Methods. A randomized, double blind, three-period, three-way crossover trial on 90 reproductive age women and 30 menopausal women measuring external and internal vaginal pH levels and product acceptability after using different feminine wash for 3 weeks.
 Results. There were significant differences in mean change in internal vaginal pH values among the three feminine wash products (p=0.0392) in the reproductive age group. Majority of the subjects expressed ‘extreme satisfaction’ on the different features of the products. In the menopausal age group, there was a statistically significant difference in mean pH change in the external genitalia (p=0.0279). Feminine Wash 4 appeared to be most acceptable.
 Conclusion. Using feminine wash may help maintain vaginal pH levels within the physiologic range thus prevents vaginal infections. Good acceptability of use among the subjects implies good compliance and therefore, a practice that can be adopted on a long-term basis as part of a woman’s good hygienic practice.

Efficacy, acceptability and tolerability of Zelesse® for the treatment of non-specific vulvovaginitis in paediatric patients: The NINESSE Study.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of Zelesse®, an intimate hygiene wash solution, in the relief of the symptoms and signs of non-specific vulvovaginitis in paediatric patients.MethodsThe NINESSE Study was a prospective, observational, multicentre study involving females aged 2–8 years who attended paediatric offices with symptoms suggestive of non-specific vulvovaginitis. They were administered Zelesse® as a single treatment for 15 ± 5 days. Pruritus, burning, dysuria, erythema, leucorrhoea and oedema were evaluated before and after treatment.ResultsA total of 71 paediatric patients were enrolled in the study (mean ± SD age, 4.5 ± 1.9 years). The most significant effects were observed for pruritus and burning, where 98.4% (62 of 63) and 96.9% (63 of 65) of the patients improved after treatment, respectively. Zelesse® demonstrated a beneficial effect on dysuria, erythema, leucorrhoea and oedema. The effects on the symptoms and signs were observed within the first week of treatment; although 44.9% (31 of 69) of patients experienced improvements after 2–3 days. Zelesse® was well accepted and tolerated by most patients. No serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionsZelesse® was very effective for the relief of the symptoms and signs of non-specific vulvovaginitis, in particular pruritus, burning and erythema, in females aged 2–8 years.

Бактерицидні компоненти гігієнічних і косметичних засобів

The reviews of chemical compounds, which using as bactericidal additives in cosmetic and hygienic washing products, are reported. Structural formulas, nomenclatural names of IUPAC, physical and chemical properties (uppermost solubility and chemical interaction with other cosmetic ingredients), mechanism of aseptic action, industrial ways of obtaining of compounds, such as triclosan, triclocarban, carvacrol, thymol, ionol, bisabolol, farnesol, phenoxyethanol, benzyl benzoate, alicin are given. The data on the environmental and medical safety of substances using and the list of manufactory products, in which they added are presented. The most perspective antiseptic compounds with wide band of action against pathogenic bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa are such ones: carvacrol, thymol, ionol, and α-bisabolol. Mentioned compounds are obtained by extraction method from plants (biomass of flowers or volatile oils of Thymus vulgaris and Matricaria chamomilla). The raw material is easily accessible and low-price. Ancillary substances, which can be obtained in extract, don’t damage skin and other human tissue. Therefore, such compounds can be used in wide assortment of cosmetic and hygienic manufacture products.

An intimate hygiene wash solution in the management of acute vulvovaginitis in menopause women

Methods: The CNF investigation was performed by histochemical cholinesterase (CE) detection with alternative method by Crevier and Belanger in modification of Savay and Csillik. Results: On early terms of disease the CNF are presented by nerve bundleswith dense network of fine terminal fibrils ending on myocytes. Several CNF have different CE activity and look like dotted line. At the same time the lowCNF density area are observed. As the termof thedisease growth theCNFdensity decreases. Thefibers become thinner and truncated with deformations, fragmentations and decreasing of their color intensity. The nerve bundles take less space and become lighter, indicating the CE activity decreasing. However, in some areas the increased CNF density are observed that can be considered as a compensatory mechanisms signs. Conclusions: The analysis of the bladder cholinergic activity in perimenopausal women with OAB has showed the progressive parasympathetic denervation with a direct correlation with the term of disease.

Efficacy of an intimate hygiene wash solution on the global symptoms of acute vulvovaginitis in menopause women

Results: Women between the ages of 49 and 66 answered the questions. We discovered an age-related decrease in sexual interest and activity, which can be attributed to physical health problems associatedwith ageing and decreased levels of sexual hormones in both sexes. 12% of women reported no sexual desire and 17% felt reduced sexual desire, which is completely comparable to published data. Almost one in three women was found to be taking antihypertensive drugs and almost a quarter of women were taking painkillers. 6.3% of women were taking thyroid medication, 5.9% antidepressants and6.2% sedatives.While anti-diabetic drugs, antihypertensive drugs, analgesics and thyroid had no effect on libido, women who were taking sedatives or antidepressants showed a predictable decrease in their desire for sex. 17% of women were smokers, 20% smoked in the past and 61% were non-smokers. Smoking did not show to affect sexual desire. One third of women under 55 years and almost 40% over 61 years reported dryness of the vagina. Women with a dry vagina had a statistically significant lower sexual desire. Conclusions: Lesser sexual desire was present in women with signs of atrophic vaginitis and women with some medications.

Recurrence Rate of Pulmonary Hydatidosis After Surgery: Reply

To the Editor We thank Dr. Sokouti and colleagues for their interest in our study. In the letter, Dr. Sokouti summarized some important facts regarding the recurrence of pulmonary hydatidosis following surgical management. Regarding the follow-up of our study population, as mentioned in the original article, our patients were followed up for a period of 6–60 months [1]. This means that despite the conclusion of Sokouti et al. 6 months was the minimum follow-up period, and most of the patients were followed for a longer time. Sokouti et al. [2] cast some doubt on the low recurrence rate in our experience following surgery for pulmonary hydatidosis. We had no recurrence during the follow-up period. 6 months to 5 years was demonstrated by several studies to be enough for evaluating recurrence [3], although several others have reported a mean interval of 8.5 years between a diagnosis of initial hydatid cyst and detection of recurrence [4]. To explain why the recurrence rate was zero in our study despite the 29.4 % incidence of perforated cysts, we have to delineate the process of recurrence in pulmonary hydatidosis. Pulmonary hydatidosis may be detected again in a patient who was previously treated surgically for this disease under three possible scenarios: (1) Small cysts might have been missed during the first surgery by the surgeon in the same pulmonary lobe, other lobes of the same lung, or in the contralateral lung. (2) The patient might be experiencing a second affliction of the same process involved in his or her initial hydatidosis infestation (ingesting Echinococcus eggs through contaminated vegetables, foods, and so on, which is reasonable in endemic areas). (3) There may have been leakage or spillage of cyst contents during the surgery. Regarding the first issue, we performed thoracic computed tomography in all patients prior to surgery and examined the collabated lung bimanually during the surgery. This possibility seems less likely to have contributed to a recurrence. Addressing the second issue, we instructed the patients on how to minimize the risk of reinfection with hydatidosis (e.g., hygienic washing of fruits and vegetables). Also, the patients were administered albendazole to reduce this risk, even with intact cysts. Regarding the spilling of cyst contents, we should mention some issues here. Sokouti et al. [2] claimed that ‘‘Following the surgery, recurrence could occur due to the intraoperative spillage of the hydatid daughter cysts into the pleural cavity’’. This is debatable as usually there are no daughter cysts in pulmonary hydatid cysts. Daughter cysts in the lung have been reported in the literature only as case reports [5]. Spilling of scolices-containing cyst contents during the surgery in cases where safety rules have not been observed may lead to hydatidosis in the pleural cavity—not to solitary cysts in the pulmonary parenchyma—which have mostly been reported in the cases of recurrence. Solitary cysts are probably due to reinfection, not the spillage of cyst contents during the surgery. We used the enucleation technique in cases with intact hydatid cysts, which minimizes the risk of cyst content leakage. For perforated cysts, it differs according to the endotracheal versus pleural spillage of scolex-containing contents. Up R. Mahmodlou Department of Surgery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Resalat Avenue, Djahad Square, 57147 Urmia, Iran

The sonochemical coating of cotton withstands 65 washing cycles at hospital washing standards and retains its antibacterial properties

Hospital-acquired nosocomial infections are a major health, and consequently financial issue, in the world healthcare system. The problem of bacterial infections in general, and in hospitals in particular, has led to extensive scientific and industrial efforts to fabricate antibacterial textiles. A sonochemical coating machine was developed and built and its ability to coat antibacterial nanoparticles (NPs) onto 40–50 meter length of materials on a roll to roll basis at a speed of 22 cm/min. Cotton coated sonochemically with copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) was found to maintain its antibacterial properties even after 65 cycles of washings according to hospital protocols of hygienic washing (75 °C). This demonstrates the good quality and high stability of this sonochemically produced NPs coating on textiles. Durable antibacterial textiles such as these may be suitable for wide spread use in future hospital environments where hygiene control is of paramount importance.

The role of hygienic bathing after defecation in the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni

Transmission of Schistosoma mansoni depends on fecal eggs reaching water, but the way this happens is poorly understood. We studied the role of hygienic bathing after defecation in the contamination of water with S. mansoni eggs. Individuals in an endemic community in Northern Senegal (n=991) were examined for S. mansoni infection and a random sample (22%) was interviewed about stool disposal practices and hygienic behavior. We assessed the presence and viability of S. mansoni eggs adhering to the peri-anal region of 13 infected volunteers, by counting the miracidia in the water they had used for hygienic washing; for 10 of them (77%) miracidia were demonstrated. From the population infection distribution, average number of defecations per day, proportion of individuals bathing after defecation, and association between miracidial counts and infection intensity, we calculated a daily population miracidial output of approximately 30,000 through hygienic bathing. For comparison, one complete stool reaching the water was calculated to yield approximately 2500 miracidia. Thus, 12 individuals in this population should defecate into the water every day to produce the same number of miracidia as through hygienic bathing. Our results suggest a major role of hygienic bathing after defecation in the transmission of S. mansoni.

Community as Client: Reaching an Underserved Urban Community and Meeting Unmet Primary Health Care Needs

In a collaborative effort to address the health disparities within 1 urban underserved community, the Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College, and the Mount Sinai Medical Center organized a health fair. Nursing faculty worked side by side with undergraduate nursing students to offer several health promotion activities, screening, and educational sessions for residents of East Harlem, New York. In addition, nursing students provided individual patient education on nutrition, hand washing hygiene, medication review, and glucometer usage. Educational materials on lifestyle issues (sample meals, maintaining normal blood glucose, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and smoking cessation) were provided. To help bridge the gap between health education and health promotion activities, nursing students, many of whom were bilingual, served as translators for non-English speaking Spanish and Chinese residents. In addition to the new professional partnerships developed, new clinical placements for nursing students were established.

Small dishwashers for hospital ward kitchens

A comparison of the cleaning efficiency and thermal disinfection capabilities of 12 small dishwashers being used in hospital wards was carried out. Machines installed prior to the establishment of a local purchase policy failed to achieve the standards required for hygienic washing up. Machines conforming to the purchasing criteria gave a satisfactory performance.

病棟薬剤師の院内感染防止活動 第２報 ３０秒間手洗い警告チャイムの開発

Since a great many microorganisms (103) were detected on the hands of nurses who used disinfectants for hygienic washing, we developed a 30-second handwashing-warning chime (scrub timer) to aid in the progreesive reduction of resident skin bacteria by disinfection. Setting the scrub timer on the dispenser of the disinfectant (povidone iodine), enables a sound to be emitted when the handwashing dispenser is pushed.In the Plastic Surgery Department, the nurses can maintain constant contact with disinfectants for 30 seconds using the scrub timer, which serves to decrease the amount of resident hand bacteria (102) following disinfectant use more so than if the scrub timer was not used.Using the scrub timer was concluded to be effective for handwashing with disinfectants.