Hygiene Survey Research Articles

A study of the difference in chromium exposure in workers in two types of electroplating process.

Difference in exposure to chromium according to the type of electrolytic deposition was investigated in 12 workshops. Results of industrial hygiene surveys including air and urine analyses show that exposure is more important for hard than for bright chromium electroplating.

Monitoring of styrene exposure in the polyester industry.

Obtaining reliable results of exposure to styrene in field studies requires an appropriate methodology not only for analytical methods but also for the main strategy of conducting the surveys. This paper briefly describes how and why analytical methods for styrene in air, for its main metabolites in urine (mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids) and for critical biological function tests were either chosen from the literature or adapted or developed to fit our criteria of convenience and reliability. In a second step of the preparation of field studies, experimental exposures to styrene were carried out on volunteers so that the best indicators of exposure could be determined and data could be obtained on the elimination kinetics of the urinary metabolites and the quantitative relationships between exposure and the urinary concentrations of mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids. Finally field investigations, including air and biological monitoring, complete industrial hygiene surveys and medical examinations, have been organized and are being carried out in the Swiss polyester industry. Preliminary results concerning biological monitoring are given.

Neoplastic risk among workers exposed to vinyl chloride.

As early as 1930 the first adverse health effects of vinyl chloride (VC) were reported.' Since then, numerous observations and studies have indicated a wide range of toxicity attributable to the effects of VC on the central nervous system, the liver, the bones of the fingers, and the Lately, the spectrum of known toxic effects of VC broadened to include malignant neoplasms. Viola et al., in 1971, reported the induction of tumors of the skin, lungs, and bones in rats exposed by inhalation to 30,000 ppm of VC for twelve months. However, widespread acceptance of the carcinogenic activity of VC did not occur until early in 1974 after the announcement of three cases of liver angiosarcoma among workers at a single VC polymerization facility in the U.S.A. About the same time, Maltoni reported the same cancerous hepatic effect in animals following exposure by inhalation to VC.13 Shortly thereafter, Maltoni and Lefemine l 4 and Keplinger et al.15 reported the induction of tumors of the brain, kidney, liver, lung, and lymphatic system in mice, rats, and hamsters exposed to VC by inhalation. Consequently, an epidemiological evaluation was undertaken by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to assess the magnitude and spectrum of neoplastic effects in workers exposed to VC. This study included industrial hygiene surveys, retrospective cohort analyses of mortality patterns, and histopathologic evaluation of tumors.

Toxicity of chromic acid in the chromium plating industry(2)

A population of chromium platers in the West Riding of Yorkshire, defined as described in a previous paper, together with a closely matched control group of manual workers in the same area, were subjected to morbidity screening for respiratory symptoms; the “plater” population was also screened for the ulcerative and dermatitic lesions commonly seen in chromate handlers. A standard questionnaire was used, but no physical examinations or physiological tests were performed; questionnaires relating to 997 platers and 1117 controls were successfully completed. In general, respiratory symptoms were experienced to a greater extent by the plater population. A higher proportion of platers had worked in dusty jobs, however, and, when the populations were divided into “dust-exposed” and “not-dust-exposed” groups, the disparity in symptomatology was seen to be more marked in the (larger) group of dust-exposed subjects. An exception appeared in the case of effort dyspnoea which, in its most severe form, affected practically the same proportion of each population. The prevalence of bronchial asthma was high in both platers (13.1%) and controls (9.8%), this increase being much more marked in the dust-exposed group. In the case of seasonal hay fever, 3.9% of platers and 5.5% of controls were affected. The risk of skin and intranasal ulceration is shown to increase progressively, the longer the period of chromic acid exposure, whereas allergic contact dermatitis occurs equally in platers with short and in those with longer exposure. An industrial hygiene survey, including air and dust analyses for chromic acid content, was carried out in 42 of the 54 plating plants from which the plater population was derived. In only two cases was the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for atmospheric chromic acid exceeded. Analyses of many dust scrapings showed chromic acid content of from 0 to 298 mg/g. No comparison figures are available, but it is thought that these were high, and that the dislodgement of such dust could form an intermittent inhalant hazard in chromium plating.

Technological feasibility of the 2 fibers/cc asbestos standard in asbestos textile facilities.

The technical feasibility of developing dust control practice which would bring the asbestos industry into compliance with the OSHA I fibers/cc standard, scheduled to become effective July 1, 1976, has been questioned since its promulgation. This paper presents the results of industrial hygiene surveys, including the results of 243 asbestos air samples, conducted at two asbestos textile production facilities which have achieved the 2 fibers/cc standard. Both facilities use nonconventional production techniques. Conclusions drawn from the investigations express the need for: (1) a study of new products; (2) a tool to motivate consumers to switch to the new products when appropriate; and (3) legislation which will protect all domestic producers of asbestos textiles from certain producers who do not have to absorb the added expense of meeting the OSHA standard.

Processing emissions and occupational health in the ferrous foundry industry.

A summary of the available information about ferrous foundry effluent produced during melting, pouring and casting shakeout is presented. Some decomposition products of four types of organic foundry mold resins have been identified using gas chromatographic and infrared methods. The survey may provide some insight into the types of materials that should be considered when making an industrial hygiene survey of foundry operations.

A quarter century of industrial hygiene surveys in the fibrous glass industry.

The findings of industrial hygiene surveys in the fibrous glass industry made over a period of 24 years are presented. These were surveys made of the various substances used in the manufacture of fibrous glass. The amounts of such contaminants which might be encountered have not previously been published. What were probably the first measurements of the particle size of fibrous glass were made. Recommendations for the control of hazardous materials are given.

Portable Ethylene Chemiluminescence Ozone Monitor

The construction and calibration is described of a portable ozone monitor by mixing ethylene and air near a photomultiplier and the signal is proportional to ozone concentration. The reaction is fast, dry, and insensitive to NO/sub 2/, SO/sup 2/, and Cl/sub 2/. The associated electronics and gas handling equipment are not complicated and the portable monitor can be used for industrial hygiene surveys or research projects involving ozone measurements.

The occupational hygiene survey: principles, practice, significance.

Abstract The occupational hygiene survey is a technic for the evaluation of the working environment and its effects on the health of the workers. The three basic components of the vocational complex are basic environment, machine-process requirements, and biologic factors. The many facets of the survey and evaluation of the interrelations and effects of these components are discussed in detail.

An Industrial Hygiene Survey of Polyurethane Foam Applications in Underground Mines

Fitzpatrick, M; Craft, R; Warren, J W; Laird, F H; Watson, H A; Harris, E J; Beatty, R L; Scheel, L DAuthor Information

AN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEY OF POLYURETHANE FOAM APPLICATIONS IN AN UNDERGROUND MINE.

Abstract This survey was made to determine the air concentrations of isocyanate during the application of polyurethane foam to the walls and roof of a mine drift. The application was applied by a spray gun technique to an average foam depth of 1-2 inches with a mix ratio of one part polyol to 1.52 parts MDI at 80°F, the maximal vapor concentration found was 0.056 ppm. The particulates created during the spray operation contained reacting MDI in the spray area and for 60 feet downwind. With adequate respirator protection to filter out the particulate material, the vapor concentration did not cause any obvious irritation to any of the 19 men exposed during this operation.

A Hygienic Survey on a Small Lead-Works

A Hygienic Survey on a Small Lead-Works

ウラン鉱山の放射線衛生調査

For preparation for full-scale minig of uranium in Japan, authors conducted a radiation hygiene suruey in uranium mine and discussed the evaluation of health hazard and the selection of radiation hygiene survey instruments.

PROBLEMAS DE HIGIENE E SEGURANÇA DO TRABALHO NA INDÚSTRIA DE ACUMULADORES ELÉTRICOS

A preliminary industrial hygiene survey was made in the storage battery plants of the city of São Paulo. Each one of the steps of the process of manufacture and the problems of hygiene and safety related to them were studied. Some comments on the industrial hazards found and suggestions about the methods of control advisable are presented.

High school mental hygiene survey.

High school mental hygiene survey.

Industrial Health Records: The Industrial Hygiene Survey

Industrial Health Records: The Industrial Hygiene Survey

A Preliminary Survey of the Industrial Hygiene Problem in the United States

Public Health Bulletin number 259 summarizes effectively the findings and impressions gained through individual surveys of selected industrial plants conducted by personnel attached to bureaus of industrial hygiene in the health departments of fifteen states. Investigations in each of the states proceeded according to recommendations made by the Division of Industrial Hygiene in the National Institute of Health. An appendix describes in detail the steps taken to accumulate the data and in effect is entitled a reference manual for conducting industrial hygiene surveys. Separate reports had previously been prepared regarding the findings in the several states included in the survey. The most interesting statistics refer to the character of health risks to which workers are exposed in various occupations and the present status of medical, engineering and nursing supervision over working conditions in industrial plants. Observations made in large industries are for the most part encouraging. As far as the

Preliminary Industrial Hygiene Survey of Indiana Industries

Preliminary Industrial Hygiene Survey of Indiana Industries Emery R. Hayhurst CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.30.11.1370 Published Online: August 29, 2011

A NEW PROCEDURE FOR THE CONTROL OF BENZENE EXPOSURE

Serious or measurable damage from exposure to benzene or any gas or vapor, obviously, can be Prevented if the concentration of the contaminant and duration of exposure are so controlled that the amount absorbed is insufficient to produce damage. Unfortunatelyrocedures and information necessary for such control are frequently inadequate or completely lacking. As knowledge and understanding of the phenomena that accompany exposure to a gas or vapor increase, the possibility of more perfect control of the industrial disease hazards also increases. The commonly used procedures for the control of chronic benzene poisoning are examination of the blood, particularly for evidence of anemia and leuko-leukopenia,penia,nation of the amount of benzene in the atmosphere. The Bureau of Mines has recently developed a microco 1 1imetricas many desirable featuresustrial hygiene surveys. Owing to the fact that as little as 0.001 mg. of benzene can be detected, the method is also valuable fore determination

Industrial Hygiene and Sanitation Surveys in Chemical Establishments

Industrial Hygiene and Sanitation Surveys in Chemical Establishments