Deltoid contracture can be caused either by repeated intramuscular injections or, in rare cases, by unknown etiologies2,3,6,8,11,12,14,19. The condition occurs in adults as well as in children2,4,8,9,12,13,17,18,21. The typical clinical manifestations are an abduction-extension contracture of the shoulder joint combined with winging of the scapula as compensation for the abduction contracture associated with the formation of a fibrous band within the deltoid muscle2,12,14,18. Adults who have a deltoid contracture commonly have pain that radiates from the neck and the shoulder to the lateral side of the arm4,8,9,12,13,16-18,20,21. We report the cases of two patients who had a deltoid contracture associated with subacromial impingement, and we describe the interrelationship of the two conditions. CASE 1. A forty-eight-year-old homemaker who had had a nephrectomy for the treatment of hydronephrosis four months earlier was seen because of pain in the right shoulder that occurred both at rest and with movement. Within a period of eleven days before and after the day of the nephrectomy, the patient had intramuscular injections of atropine sulfate (three injections of 0.5 milligram per milliliter), hydroxyzine hydrochloride (four injections of twenty-five milligrams per milliliter), pentazocine (four injections of fifteen milligrams per milliliter), and buprenorphine hydrochloride (one injection of 0.1 milligram per milliliter) into the right deltoid. Pain developed in the right shoulder on the tenth postoperative day and gradually increased. Physical examination of the right shoulder revealed a 15-degree abduction and 10-degree extension contracture and a winged scapula. Tender …