Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Research Articles

Corrosion inhibition of acid pickling –descaling-cleaning action on mild steel using aqueous hydroxyethyl cellulose

The corrosion inhibition capability of aqueous Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) on mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution proposed for mild steel pickling, industrial cleaning, and descaling was evaluated at different concentrations and immersion times using gravimetric measurement. HEC demonstrated efficiency in mild steel corrosion inhibition with a maximum inhibition efficiency of 87% for a 300 ml acid pickling, industrial cleaning, and descaling solution composed of 20% aqueous solution of 0.01 M HEC and 80% of 1 M HCl solution, within an immersion time of 120 hours. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with the increase in the concentration of HEC implying that HEC’s inhibition action is concentration and time-dependent. The mechanism of adsorption of HEC was identified to be chemisorption with hydroxyl (-OH) moiety donated to the active sites of mild steel coupled with HEC molecules encapsulation of chloride ions on mild steel surface thus preventing the corrosive action of Cl ions on the mild steel.

Cellulose-based eutectogel electrolyte with high ionic conductivity for solid-state lithium-ion batteries

It is known that the low ionic conductivity of solid-state polymer electrolytes at room temperature (RT) has severely restricted their practical application in lithium-ion batteries. Although eutectogel (ETG) electrolytes could solve this problem to some extent, highly compatible deep eutectic solvent (DES)/polymer systems are desirable to further enhance ion conduction. Herein, we designed cellulose-based ETG (CETG) with dual channels through “hopping” and “vehicle” mechanisms by hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) molecular chains and N-methylacetamide (NMA)/LiTFSI-derived DES, respectively. Thanks to the strong molecular interactions between HEC and DES, the highest DES content in the ETG could achieve 90 %, which endowed the CETG with an excellent ionic conductivity of 2.04 × 10–3 S cm−1 at 30 °C. Additionally, our designed CETG displayed good self-healing and fire retardant properties. The assembled Li/LiFePO4 cell showed a capacity retention of 91.8 % after 200 cycles at 0.2 C under RT with an initial discharge capacity of 156.2 mAh g−1. In particular, the capacity retention rates of the assembled batteries reached 95.2 % and 92.1 %, respectively, after 100 cycles at 0.2 C under 60 °C and 50 cycles at 0.2 C under 100 °C. Our fabrication strategy would provide a novel idea for the design of green, safe and efficient solid-state polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries.

Investigating Bioactive-Glass-Infused Gels for Enamel Remineralization: An In Vitro Study.

Dental hypersensitivity remains widespread, underscoring the need for materials that can effectively seal dental tubules. This study evaluated the potential of bioactive-glass-infused hydroxyethyl cellulose gels in this context. Five gels were synthesized, each containing 20% bioactive glass (specifically, 45S5, S53P4, Biomin F, and Biomin C), with an additional blank gel serving as a control. Subjected to two months of accelerated aging at 37 ± 2 °C, these gels were assessed for key properties: viscosity, water disintegration time, pH level, consistency, adhesion to glass, and element release capability. Across the board, the gels facilitated the release of calcium, phosphate, and silicon ions, raising the pH from 9.00 ± 0.10 to 9.7 ± 0.0-a range conducive to remineralization. Dissolution in water occurred within 30-50 min post-application. Viscosity readings showed variability, with 45S5 reaching 6337 ± 24 mPa/s and Biomin F at 3269 ± 18 mPa/s after two months. Initial adhesion for the blank gel was measured at 0.27 ± 0.04 Pa, increasing to 0.73 ± 0.06 Pa for the others over time. Gels can release elements upon contact with water (Ca- Biomin C 104.8 ± 15.7 mg/L; Na- Biomin F 76.30 ± 11.44 mg/L; P- Biomin C 2.623 ± 0.393 mg/L; Si- 45S5-45.15 ± 6.77mg/L, F- Biomin F- 3.256 ± 0.651mg/L; Cl- Biomin C 135.5 ± 20.3 mg/L after 45 min). These findings highlight the gels' capacity to kickstart the remineralization process by delivering critical ions needed for enamel layer reconstruction. Further exploration in more dynamic, real-world conditions is recommended to fully ascertain their practical utility.

Effect of chain structures of monomer on hydroxyethyl cellulose-based superabsorbent properties and improvement of chickpeas plant growth of water deficit-stressed

The aim of this research was evaluation of the influence of distance between zwitterionic monomer ions on the performance of superabsorbents. For this purpose, two zwitterionic monomers 4-(3-aminopropyl) amino-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid (APOB) and 4-(6-aminohexyl) amino-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid (AHOB) were prepared and applied for synthesis of two new superabsorbents through graft copolymerization onto hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) in the presence of acrylic acid (AA). In synthesis of superabsorbents factors such as the highest water absorbency capacity, absorbency rate, gel strength, and environmental problems should be resolved or improved. The results demonstrated that the water absorbency capacity and rate parameters (τ) of HEC-g-p(AA-co-APOB) and HEC-g-p(AA-co-AHOB) in distilled water were 986.62, 664.38 g/g, and 98.04, 140.84 min, respectively. The biodegradability of HEC-g-p(AA-co-APOB) was approximately 4 times more than HEC-g-p(AA-co-AHOB). However, based on the rheological analyses (G'/G″) HEC-g-p(AA-co-AHOB) was stronger than the other. Additionally, studies of water retention on soil containing HEC-g-p(AA-co-AHOB) superabsorbent (soil with 0.25 wt% material) showed that the after 30 days has ≤5 % water while soil in the absence of superabsorbent after 10 days completely dried. Studies of the growth of plants in soil demonstrated in the presence of HEC-g-p(AA-co-AHOB) the average length of shoots was 36 cm while without superabsorbent were 25 cm.

Fluorescence 'Turn-on' Probe for Chromium Reduction, Adsorption and Detection Based on Cellulosic Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots Hydrogels.

This paper proposes a new, highly effective fluorescence test for Cr(VI) detection. This method utilizes a hydrogel composed of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs), and poly(co-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid) (AMPS). The N-CQDs were successfully synthesized using a simple microwave method, and then conjugated with HEC and AMPS. The higher adsorption (99.41%) and higher reduction rate in H1 likely stems from both the presence of N-CQDs (absent in HB) and their increased free functional groups (compared to H2/H3, where N-CQDs block them). This facilitates the release (desorption) of Cr(VI) from the hydrogels, making it more available for reduction to the less toxic Cr(III). The fluorescent brightness of the HEC-N-CQDs-g-poly(AMPS) hydrogel increases gradually when Cr(VI) is added in amounts ranging from 15 to 120 mg/L. The fluorescent enhancement of the HEC-N-CQDs-g-poly(AMPS) hydrogel appeared to exhibit a good linear relationship with the 15-120 mg of the Cr(VI) concentration, with a detection limit of 0.0053 mg/L, which is lower than the standard value published by WHO. Our study found that the HEC-N-CQDs-g-poly(AMPS) hydrogel served effectively as a fluorescent probe for Cr(VI) detection in aqueous solutions, demonstrating high sensitivity.

Valorization of edible films based on chitosan/hydroxyethyl cellulose/olive leaf extract and TiO2-NPs for preserving sour cream

Biodegradable edible films for sour cream packaging were developed based on chitosan (CS), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), Olive leaf extract (OE), and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs). The prepared CS/HEC/TiO2-OE bionanocomposite films were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities as well as using FT-IR, mechanical, permeability, and contact angle. The effect of developed films on the lipid oxidation, microbiological load, and chemical properties of sour cream was investigated. The fabricated films had an antimicrobial impact against all tested strains. The film containing 8 % OE showed effective protection against fat oxidation, with a peroxide value of 3.21 meq O2/kg, a para-anisidine value 5.40, and free fatty acids of 0.82 mg KOH/kg. The films with OE 4 % and 8 % have a good effect on the microbiological load of sour cream for 90 days. These films did not influence the chemical composition of sour cream and therefore can be used in this sort of dairy product.

Mechanical biomimetic silk nano fiber-magnesium ion complex/hydroxyethylcellulose/glycerol hydrogel dressing with angiogenic capacity for accelerating scarless diabetic wound healing

Quick scarless healing remains a key issue for diabetic wounds. Here, a stretchable elastomeric hydrogel dressing composed of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), silk nano fiber-magnesium ion complex (Mg2+-SNF) and glycerol (Gly) was developed to optimize mechanical niche, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic behavior simultaneously. The composite hydrogel dressing exhibited skin-like elasticity (175.1 ± 23.9 %) and modulus (156.7 ± 2.5 KPa) while Mg2+-SNF complex endowed the dressing with angiogenesis, both favoring quick scarless skin regeneration. In vitro cell studies revealed that the hydrogel dressing stimulated fibroblast proliferation, endothelial cell migration and vessel-like tube formation, and also induced anti-inflammatory behavior of macrophages. In vivo results revealed accelerated healing of diabetic wounds. The improved granulation ingrowth and collagen deposition suggested high quality repair. Both thinner epidermal layer and low collagen I/III ratio of the regenerated skin confirmed scarless tissue formation. This bioactive hydrogel dressing has promising potential to address the multifaceted challenges of diabetic wound management.

Structural investigation of solid biopolymer electrolytes: 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose doped ammonium formate as a promising proton conductor

Fabrication of solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) was mainly to cater the drawbacks of lithium-ion electrolytes in terms of leakage, high cost, and toxic material. In this present work, solid biopolymer electrolytes system comprises of 2-Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (2-HEC) as polymer host, and various weight percentage (wt.%) of Ammonium Formate (AF) as ionic doping salt are produced by using solution casting technique. The relation between structural and ionic conductivity of 2-HEC/AF was analyzed and investigated by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Through the analysis of XRD, it can be observed that the amorphous region of SBEs increases as the concentration of AF salt increases. The amorphous region of SBEs can be confirmed due to the interaction of salt concentration and polymer. However, in this present work, the broadest peak in XRD of the sample does not necessarily correlate with the highest conductivity among the samples. The interaction between polymer-salt complexes is proved through FTIR spectrum at the range of 700 cm−1 to 1300 cm−1. The highest ionic conductivity of 2-HEC/AF achieved is 2.40 × 10−3 S/cm at room temperature for SBEs containing 40 wt.% of AF. The findings from this study made it clear that the concentration of Ammonium Formate salt affects the increase in ionic conductivity.

Tailoring electrochemical properties of hydrogel by different types of graphene oxide

In this study, different concentrations of graphene oxides prepared according to Brodie’s and Hummers’ method (GOB and GOH, respectively) were integrated with mixture of citric acid and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC-CA). This three-component solution could be easily coated on glassy carbon electrode surface and thermally crosslinked, forming solid films of nanohybrid hydrogels (HEC-CA-GOB and HEC-CA-GOH). The coated electrodes were characterized by different electrochemical techniques, which revealed that, compared to GOB, GOH significantly hindered diffusion of electroactive species to the electrode surface. Furthermore, application of the electrodes coated with HEC-CA-GOB and HEC-CA-GOH as voltammetric detectors of toxic metals and histamine was investigated. For the former, a low amount (0.075 mg mL−1) of GOB in HEC-CA enhanced the voltammetric response towards Pb2+ and Cu2+ up to 6.5 and 10 times, respectively while effect of GOH was less sound. In histamine detection, 1 mg mL−1 GOB or GOH in HEC-CA improved the response of the electrodes towards the histamine by approximately 25 % and improved antifouling properties of the sensors. As a conclusion, adjusting of GO content in the hydrogel was shown as an interesting and facile tool for preparation of electrodes with wide range of properties adjustable such as to meet requirements of various applications.

Gamma radiation synthesis of hydroxyethyl cellulose/acrylic acid/CYANEX 471X hydrogel for silver ions capture from acidic nitrate medium

The current novelty in this study is to recover silver ion with selective extractant such as cyanex 471X (triisobutylphosphine sulfide) through a clean and green method with high efficiency. Herein, a sustainable hydrogel (HEC/AAc/CX3) was fabricated from triisobutylphosphine sulfide, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and acrylic acid (AAc) using gamma irradiation polymerization and implanted for the sorption of silver Ag (I) ions from a nitrate acidic medium. Different techniques were employed for characterization of HEC/AAc/CX3 hydrogel such as FT-IR, SEM, XRD, and EDX, before and after the sorption process of Ag(I) ions. Gel content and swelling kinetics ratio of hydrogels at different irradiation doses (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 kGy) were studied. The Fickian diffusion model results indicate that HEC/AAc/CX3 hydrogel is non-Fickian diffusion, which confirmed that the diffusion and relaxation rates are compatible and were selected for further sorption of Ag(I). The irradiated HEC/AAc/CX3 hydrogels, which contain 0.1 g of cyanex 471X, were employed for batch sorption of 100 mg/L Ag(I) from an acidic solution, and the suggested conditions were pH = 1, time = 60, and v/m = 0.05 L/g, which gives a sorption percentage of 75%. The values of thermodynamic parameters ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS were evaluated as—62.80 kJ/mol, 5 kJ/mol, and -227 J/mol, which indicate that the sorption system was exothermic and nonspontaneous in nature. The maximum adsorption capacity of irradiated HEC/AAc/CX3 for Ag(I) was found to be 12 mg. g−1 at 298 K. Furthermore, the maximum desorption percent of Ag ions from HEC/AAc/CX3 was found to be 70% and achieved with 0.5 M NH4SCN after one desorption cycle. The prepared hydrogel proved its selectivity towards silver ions with facile desorption steps and reusability cycles.Graphical

Synthesis, characterization and adsorption studies of hydroxy ethyl cellulose grafted polyacrylic acid hydrogels; using basic yellow-28 as model dye

Novel hydrogels of hydroxy ethyl cellulose and polyacrylic acid (HEC-G-pAAc) were created by varying the ratio of hydroxy ethyl cellulose to acrylic acid and were characterized using analytical techniques. The synthesized hydrogels were characterized through SEM, TGA, FTIR, pH studies and Fick’s law. The SEM images revealed that the fabricated hydrogels have different adsorption sites for the dyes. According to the TGA results the decomposition of the hydrogels occurs in three successive stages (22–200 °C, 200–310 °C, 310–500 °C). The optimum pH for the adsorption of basic yellow-28 is on the HEC-G-pAAc is pH-8 as it was observed in the pH studies. The optimum temperature for the adsorption of basic yellow-28 is on the HEC-G-pAAc was found to be 293 K.The Basic Yellow-28 dye was successfully removed from wastewater with a 98% effectiveness using synthetic hydrogels as an adsorbent. The adsorption parameters were calculated using a number of different kinetic models like pseudo-second order, Elovich, intraparticle-diffusion and Bangham kinetic models. The pseudo-2nd order kinetics model was found to best fit the kinetics data, while the Langmuir isotherm offered the most thorough explanation of the adsorption process. Basic Yellow-28 dye was removed to the greatest extent by the synthesized hydrogels (pAAc = 156 mg/g, 10%HEC-G-pAAc =166.3 mg/g, 20%HEC-G-pAAc =176.2 mg/g) after 90 min of contact at 293 K. The process was exothermic because the values of ΔH were found to be negative (ΔH = −4.93, −6.49 and −5.741 kJ/mol for pAAc, 10%HEC-G-pAAc and 20%HEC-G-pAAc respectively). The adsorption process in this study is spontaneous, as clear from the negative values of ΔG, (ΔG = −4.81, −5.34 and −5.40 kJ/mol for pAAc, 10%HEC-G-pAAc and 20%HEC-G-pAAc at 293 K respectively). The adsorption process on synthesized hydrogels showed decrease in dis-orderness that was clear from its negative values.

A incorporation of metal into worm-like mesoporous silica materials for selective adsorption of MB in dyestuff

Worm-like mesoporous silica was synthesized using hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as the template agent and sodium metasilicate as the silicon source (hereinafter referred to as HECMS). Different types of metal-doped adsorbents (namely Zr-HECMS-P, Fe-HECMS-P, and Al-HECMS-P) were prepared using the post-grafting method. The three adsorbents were used for the selective adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from an MB/methylene orange (MO) solution. Results showed that under acidic conditions, Fe-HECMS-P exhibited simultaneous adsorption of MB and MO, whereas Zr-HECMS-P and Al-HECMS-P preferably adsorbed MB. Zr-HECMS was determined to be the best adsorbent based on the evaluation results of the selective-adsorption effect of MB in different adsorption environments. Furthermore, different zirconium-silicon molar ratio samples were synthesized (The name is designated as Zr(0.01)-HECMS-P, Zr(0.02)-HECMS-P and Zr(0.04)-HECMS-P.). Results revealed that at pH = 3 and an initial MB concentration of 25 mg/L, Zr(0.01)-HECMS-P exhibited the best selective-adsorption performance for MB, reaching adsorption equilibrium in 2 h with a maximum removal rate of 97.8 %. The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption mechanism involved coordination and electrostatic action. In a simple binary system (MB + MO), the Zr(0.01)-HECMS-P adsorbent exhibited good selectivity for the MB dye. Finally, after five cycles of regeneration, the adsorption performance of Zr(0.01)-HECMS-P remains stable.

SERUM OF EXTRACT Onchidium Typhae USES HYDROXYETHYL CELLULOSE AND CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE NATRIUM BASE AS ANTIOXIDANT

Antioxidants can prevent premature aging (anti-aging) and various types of cancer and increase body immunity. Empirically, Onchidiid slugs have been used as natural antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant potency of the serum of Onchidiid slug ethanolic extract. The Onchidiid slug extract was obtained by maceration and was prepared to create two effective serum formulations. Formula A involved hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), while Formula B employed sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) as gelling agent. The second serum formula was rigorously evaluated and subjected to antioxidant activity testing by the diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The serum preparation with the best physical properties and antioxidant activity was serum A at a concentration of 1%. Physical test results showed that serum A had a yellow color with a distinctive smell and was homogeneous with a soft texture. The test results for the spreadability and stickiness properties of serum A were 6 cm2 and 1'55'' second. The serum A antioxidant activity test results showed moderate free-radical scavenging activity, with an IC50 value of 277 ppm. Keywords: Anti-aging, 2,2-diphenyl-1-pikrilhidrazyl, Onchidium typhae, Antioxidant

Safe and sustainable by design Ag nanomaterials: A case study to evaluate the bio-reactivity in the environment using a soil model invertebrate

Safe-and-sustainable-by-design (SSbD) nanomaterials (NMs) or NM-containing products are a priority. Silver (Ag) NMs have a vast array of applications, including biomedical and other products, even as nanopesticides. Thus, their release to the environment is expected to increase. The aim of the present study was to assess the ecotoxicity of the SSbD Ag NM to the soil model species Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta). The Ag NM tested consists in a SSbD Ag with biomedical applications, a hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) coated Ag NMs (AgHEC) and its toxicity was compared to the naked Ag NMs (Ag-Sigma), an Ag-based biomedical product (PLLA-Ag: Poly l-Lactide microfibers doped with Ag), and AgNO3. Effects were assessed both in soil and aqueous media, following the standard OECD guideline in soil (28 days) and the OECD extension (56 days), and short-term pulse (5 days) in aqueous media: reconstituted water (ISO water) and soil:water (S:W) extracts, followed by a 21-days recovery period in soil. Ag materials were thoroughly characterized as synthesized and during the test in media and animals. Results in S:W showed AgHEC was more toxic than Ag-Sigma (ca. 150 times) and PLLA-Ag (ca. 2.5 times), associated with a higher Ag uptake. Higher toxicity was related to a smaller hydrodynamic size and higher suspension stability, which in turn resulted in a higher bioavailability of Ag NMs and released ions, particularly in S:W. Toxicity was correlated with the main physicochemical features, providing useful prediction of AgNMs bioactivity. The ability to test E. crypticus in a range of media with different and/or increasing complexity (water, S:W extracts, soil) provided an excellent source to interpret results and is here recommended.

Formulation of hesperidin-loaded in situ gel for ocular drug delivery: a comprehensive study.

Allergic conjunctivitis is one of the most common eye disorders. Different drugs are used for its treatment. Hesperidin is an active substance isolated from Citrus sinensis L. (Rutaceae) fruit peels, with known anti-inflammatory activity but low solubility. It was complexed with cyclodextrin and encapsulated in situ gel to extend its duration in the eye. The optimized formulation comprised 1% hesperidin, 1.5% hydroxyethyl cellulose, and 16% poloxamer 407. The viscosity at 25 °C was 492 ± 82 cP, and at 35 °C it was 8875 ± 248 cP, the pH was 7.01 ± 0.03, gelation temperature was 34 ± 1.3 °C, and gelation time was 33 ± 1.2 s. There was a 66% in vitro release in the initial 2 h, with a burst effect. A lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition test determined that hesperidin was active at high doses on leukotyrens seen in the body in allergic diseases. In cell-culture studies, the hesperidin cyclodextrin complex loaded in situ gel, BRN9-CD (poloxamer 16%, hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HEC) 1.5%), enhanced cell viability in comparison with the hesperidin solution. It was determined that BRN9-CD did not cause any irritation in the ocular tissues in the Draize test. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of the in situ gel formulation of hesperidin in terms of ease of application and residence time on the ocular surface. Due to its notable LOX inhibition activity and positive outcomes in the in vivo Draize test, it appears promising for incorporation into pharmaceutical formulations. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

MICRO-HETEROGENEITY AND MICRO-RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CELLULOSE-BASED HYDROGEL STUDIED BY DIFFUSING WAVE SPECTROSCOPY (DWS)

Cellulose is the most plentiful biopolymer available in the world, and is a natural, biodegradable as well as inexpensive resource for biomaterials. Herein, a cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogel (CHCCA) was prepared by crosslinking carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCNa) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) with citric acid, and its micro-heterogeneity and micro-rheological properties were explored by diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS). The mean-square displacement (MSD) of microspheres imbedded into CHCCA hydrogels prepared at five concentrations was compared. At very low concentration, of 0.1wt%, the CHCCA hydrogel exhibited nearly homogeneous behavior, with slight heterogeneity. The heterogeneity became larger as the CHCCA concentration increased. It was also revealed that the high-frequency viscoelastic moduli magnitude at 0.1wt% CHCCA can be expressed by |G*(ω)| ∝ ω, which is characteristic of a viscoelastic fluid-like behavior. The magnitude of high-frequency viscoelastic moduli for 0.3 wt% and 0.5 wt% CHCCA can be described by |G*(ω)| ∝ ω3/4, which is characteristic of a semi-flexible polymer. The high-frequency viscoelastic moduli magnitude for 1.0 wt% and 1.5 wt% CHCCA described by |G*(ω)| ∝ ω1/2, was characteristic of a flexible polymer. Our results identified unique CHCCA property changes that occurred with changes in concentration, providing new insights for CHCCA derived hydrogels that will be useful in developing new CHCCA applications.

Developing a novel, low-cost, antimicrobial, and biodegradable pectin/HEC/ZnO biofilm for edible food packaging applications

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of pectin extracted from orange waste by acid hydrolysis and prepared Pectin/ hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) biofilm for food packaging applications. The pectin/HEC/ZnO biofilms were prepared in an aqueous solution at room temperature using solvent casting method and characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Also, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical properties, and water vapor permeability-WVP were evaluated. Moreover, its antimicrobial activity against Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica Typhimiurium) and two Gram positive bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus), and also has antifungal activity against Candida albicans was assessed. The obtained results display that the water vapor permeability (WVP) indicated a reduction in permeability with increased ZnO concentration, with WVPs ranging from 2.55 × 10−12 to 4.28 × 10−12 gm/pas.m2, which indicates that our pectin/HEC/ZnO bionanocomposite biofilm could efficiently decrease moisture transfer, thereby potentially extending the shelf-life of packaged food products. Furthermore, the results showed enhanced tensile strength and flexibility in the biofilms with the addition of 1% ZnO nanoparticles from 1.2 to 2.6 MPa and 4.5 to 13 MPa respectively. The WVP indicated a reduction in permeability with increased ZnO concentration, with WVPs ranging from 2.55 × 10−12 to 4.28 × 10−12 gm/pas.m2. The antimicrobial activity against pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans was significant, with a 99.96% reduction in E. coli counts at a biofilm concentration of 200 mg/mL. Furthermore, the current study revealed that the synthesized bionanocomposite biofilms had excellent qualities such as transparency, flexibility, low cost, and being environmentally friendly. The pectin/HEC/ZnO bionanocomposite was found to be an ideal biofilm for food packaging due to its safety and affordability, which is able to prolong food shelf-life.

Influence of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose modifications towards the design of cross-linked double networks hydrogel for diabetic wound healing

The wound dressings' lack of antioxidant and antibacterial properties, and delayed wound healing limit their use in wound treatment and management. Recent advances in dressing materials are aimed at improving the limitations discussed above. Therefore, the aim of this study includes the preparation and characterization of oxidized hydroxyethyl cellulose (OHEC) and ferulic acid-grafted chitosan (CS-FA) hydrogel loaded with green synthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) (OHEC-CS-FA-Se NPs named as nanohydrogel) for diabetic wound healing. The structure and properties of the hydrogel was characterized by FTIR, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, EDAX, UV–Vis spectrophotometry, XRD, DLS, zeta potential and rheological studies. The findings of these experiments demonstrate that nanohydrogel possesses a variety of outstanding qualities, including an optimal gel time, good swelling characteristics, a fair water retention rate, a good degradation rate, and strong mechanical stability. Nanohydrogel has been shown to have a synergistic impact by significantly increasing antioxidant activity by scavenging ABTS and DPPH radicals. The nanohydrogel's strong biocompatibility was confirmed by cytocompatibility testing using L929 mouse fibroblast cells. In addition, the wound healing potential of nanohydrogel was tested on L929 cells by an in vitro scratch assay and the nanohydrogel showed a wound closure rate of 100 % after 12 h. In addition to this study, nanohydrogel has demonstrated significant antimicrobial properties against human and wound infection causing pathogens such as Bacillus subtilis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the animal model, almost complete diabetic wound healing was achieved on day 14 after application of the nanohydrogel. The results obtained indicate that the multifunctional bioactive nature of OHEC-CS-FA-Se NPs showed exceptional antioxidant and antibacterial potential for the treatment of infected and chronic wounds.

Synergistic crosslinking effect of hydroxyethyl cellulose and montmorillonite on the improvement of mechanical and electrochemical properties of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel

Flexible solid-state zinc-ion battery is promising energy technology with low cost, excellent performance, and safety. However, the mechanical properties of flexible electrolytes are severely limited. Here, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and montmorillonite (MMT) were introduced into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to prepare a novel composite hydrogel using a repeated freeze-thaw method. Both organic HEC and inorganic MMT could form hydrogen bonds with PVA molecular chains, acting as crosslinkers to construct a well-networked hydrogel structure. The synergistic effect of these two crosslinkers significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the composite hydrogel. The composite hydrogel prepared with 3 wt% HEC and 2 wt% MMT (denoted as P–H3%-M2%) exhibited a 242.6% increase in tensile strength, 78.6% increase in elongation at break, and 970.1% increase in compressive strength compared to pure PVA hydrogel. P–H3%-M2% hydrogel also demonstrated a high electrolyte uptake rate (199.15%) and ion conductivity (24.6 mS cm−1). When assembled in a Zn symmetric battery, it maintained stable operation for 3000 h with a low polarization voltage of approximately 70 mV. Furthermore, P–H3%-M2% hydrogel assembled in a Zn//MnO2 battery exhibited a discharge specific capacity of 218 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.15 A g−1, with 91% capacity retention after 450 cycles. At a higher current density of 1.5 A g−1, it showed a discharge specific capacity of 108 mAh g−1, which is 4.5 times higher than that of the PVA hydrogel battery, demonstrating excellent rate performance.

Time-temperature indicator of hydroxyethyl cellulose ink labels for assessing pork freshness

Pork is widely consumed worldwide, and many consumers now utilize sensory evaluation techniques to determine the freshness of pork when buying it. A color-changing ink label utilizing bromocresol purple (BCP) and N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) had been created to help consumers better and more rapidly determine the freshness of pork while it is stored. The ink was easy to prepare and could be readily transferred to A4 paper using screen printing technology. This study delved deeper into the impact of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) on the functional properties of inks to enhance printing performance. The experiment demonstrated that a 1 % mass fraction of HEC improved thixotropy and facilitated the even distribution of ink on A4 paper, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Screen-printed labels with varying concentrations displayed distinct color change rates when stored at different temperatures, indicating their capability to assess pork freshness. FT-IR, laboratory, and stability tests verified the ink's exceptional color change capabilities and printing attributes. An analysis using the Arrhenius equation revealed a substantial synergistic effect between BCP and NHPI, resulting in improved sensitivity and accuracy of the ink. This study offers a practical and feasible method to monitor the storage quality of pork effectively.