Hydroxyapatite Microspheres Research Articles

Self-assembly pore-forming mechanism of foam boundary templates and the preparation of porous strontium hydroxyapatite microspheres by homogeneous precipitation

The preparation of porous SrHAp microspheres, and the self-assembly pore-forming process and mechanism of a foam boundary template were systematically presented.

Magnetic chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite microspheres: Preparation, characterization, and application for the adsorption of phenolic substances

The phenolic substances in sugarcane juice seriously affect the color value of sugar products, and gallic acid is one of the main phenolic substances. To develop a new adsorbent able to effectively adsorb phenolic substances from sugarcane juice, magnetic chitosan (CS) hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres (MCHAM) were prepared by growing HA on magnetic CS microspheres (MCM) in-situ. MCHAM could effectively adsorb gallic acid from sucrose solution, and the highest adsorption capacity was 40.77 mg g−1. The adsorption kinetics indicated that the adsorption process fit the pseudo-second-order mode, the dominant mechanism was chemisorption, and the Langmuir isotherm mode (qm = 48.12 mg g−1) described the adsorption behavior of MCHAM best. Recycling experiments indicated that the MCHAM adsorbent presented considerable repeatability. Compared to treating phenolic substances in sugarcane juice using traditional clarifying agents, treatment methods employing MCHAM can efficiently and simply remove phenolic substances without leaving residual sulfur in sugarcane juice.

Multifunctional-Dual Drug Delivery Poly-Lactic Acid Biocomposite Coating with Hydroxyapatite for Bone Implants

The new novel implant designs include the functionality of advanced drug delivery systems in order to improve osteointegration and to inhibit the implant-related post-operative infections. In this research, Ti6Al4V metallic implants were coated with the multifunctional-dual slow drug delivery coating which includes a polymeric matrix system based on a poly-lactic acid thin film and a bioactive ceramic hydroxyapatite. This system consists of two different kinds of pharmaceuticals, which are gentamicin and simvastatin. It is reported in this paper that the simvastatin and gentamicin containing poly-lactic acid coating which was applied uniformly and successfully with and without hydroxyapatite microspheres. Most importantly, the release rate of drugs was controlled with PLA matrix and HAp microspheres which have different dissolution rates in order to prevent the high dosages causing adverse side-effects of drugs.

Characterization of Biomaterial and Tissue Response Analysis after Implantation

Some biomaterials can be used to promote tissue repair process. The biological substitutes (biomaterials such as hydroxyapatite beads) can be used with some advantages and purpose of mimicking responses to on-site repair of the injured bone. The objective of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic potential of the biomaterial composed of hydroxyapatite and alginate in place of the critical defect. bioceramic samples stoichiometric hydroxyapatite was produced by the precipitation method, wet method with ion molar ratio of Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2, in which the Ca / P ratio was equal to 1.67. The reaction conditions were favorable to the composition of a biomaterial with crystalline phase. The synthesis of the biomaterial composed of hydroxyapatite and alginate microspheres (HAAlg5%; 200 ø 425mm) was obtained from two primary solutions with the aim of, in optimal reactive conditions, to form the precipitate. After synthesis the microspheres were implanted into the defect site. The potential effects of using HAAlg5% and the application of vibratory waves in the critical defect repair were unknown and the results described in this study are promising, considering the systemic therapy and at the site of injury. The biomaterial used promoted repair the injured tissue.

Significantly Accelerated Osteoblast Cell Growth on TiO2/SrHA Composite Mediated by Phenolic Compounds (BHM) from Hippocamp us kuda Bleeler.

The microstructure of hydroxyapatite is known to influence cellular behavior, can be used as a substrate for osteoblast growth, and exploited as a drug-release platform. However, easy delamination and self-decomposition of hydroxyapatite caused by poor adhesion with substrates are the main problems currently. In this paper, we successfully fabricated titanium dioxide/strontium-doped hydroxyapatite (TiO2/SrHA) composite scaffolds by self-generated strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres in TiO2 nanotubes. Moreover, the active compound 1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-methoxyphenyl)-ethanone (BHM) from Seahorse ( Hippocampus kuda Bleeler) was loaded in this scaffold, and the controlled release kinetics of BHM was studied. It was found that in the first 5 h, the release concentration and time of BHM had a good linear relationship, and the correlation coefficient reached 0.98. TiO2/SrHA/BHM composites exhibited favorable cytocompatibility at a given concentration of BHM (20 μmol/L). Compared to pure SrHA, TiO2 nanotubes, and traditional TiO2/SrHA composites, superior cytocompatibility (cell adhesion and proliferation) of MC3T3-E1 was obtained on TiO2/SrHA/BHM composites. The expression levels of osteogenic marker genes such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, osteocalcin, runt-related transcription factor 2, and collagen I are also upregulated to varying degrees. This TiO2/SrHA composite scaffold-mediated phenolic compound BHM could be applied in bone tissue repair.

Injectable nano-structured silicon-containing hydroxyapatite microspheres with enhanced osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic factor expression

Injectable bioactive ceramics with excellent osteogenesis play important roles in bone regeneration field. In this study, we creatively fabricated the injectable nano-structured silicon-containing hydroxyapatite (Si-HAp) microspheres in diameter of 70–100 µm via hydrothermal treatment of calcium silicate (CaSiO3) microspheres in Na3PO4 aqueous solution. The fabricated Si-HAp microspheres were constructed by nano-rods with a diameter of 100 nm and length up to 1.5 µm. Comparing with the pure HAp microspheres, the obtained nano-structured Si-HAp microspheres exhibited excellent protein loading properties and sustained protein release capacities. Most importantly, the Si-substitution could apparently enhance the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and the genes expression of angiogenic factors of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). These all indicated that the nano-structured Si-HAp microspheres fabricated via hydrothermal transformation method might be used as promising injectable bioactive biomaterials and drug deliveries for bone regeneration.

Highly loaded hydroxyapatite microsphere/ PLA porous scaffolds obtained by fused deposition modelling

The goal of the work was the manufacturing of hydroxyapatite microsphere/polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds by means of fused deposition modelling (FDM). Micrometer-sized hydroxyapatite spheres synthesized by spray drying (sdHA), were dispersed in PLA by extrusion compounding. Composite filaments were obtained from extrusion which were used in FDM 3D printing for the production of macroporous scaffolds. The sdHA microspheres were used in the composite in order to improve the biomimicry and the bioactivity of the 3D printed scaffold to increase the bone regeneration capacity. Morphological, thermal, physical and mechanical characterizations were performed on the 3D printed composites. Pure PLA scaffolds were 3D printed and used as a reference.Thermal analyses, TGA and DSC evidenced that the glass transition temperature and the degree of crystallinity of PLA were not influenced by the presence of sdHA. Morphological analysis showed a smooth surface of the printed samples when pure PLA was used. A rough surface was found on the PLA/sdHA composites, confirming, the homogeneous dispersion of the ceramic phase in the polymeric matrix. The higher porosity of the composite samples compared to PLA ones, most likely caused a decrease of the mechanical performances of the PLA/sdHA scaffolds. Composite scaffolds displayed stiffness values compatible with that of bone tissue.

Morphological evolution on the surface of hydrothermally synthesized hydroxyapatite microspheres in the presence of EDTMP

Well-ordered and surface engineered hierarchical hydroxyapatite microspheres (HAM) were prepared via a template free hydrothermal process. Ethylene diamine tetra (methylene phosphonic acid) (EDTMP) was used as chelating or regulating agent for the first time in this study. The results indicated the formation of sheet-like particles in the absence of EDTMP. On the other hand, microspheres with radially grown nanorods (HAMNR) or nanosheets (HAMNS) on the surface were obtained (with average diameter of 5 µm) in the presence of EDTMP. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the crystalline phases in the synthesized samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that EDTMP concentration played an important part in regulating the morphology to form well organized microspheres with nanosheets or nanorods on the surface. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) revealed an increase in the specific surface area with the change in morphology from the HAMNS to HAMNR. Possible mechanisms are proposed to account for the formation of different morphologies based upon thermodynamic and kinetic theories.

Loading BMP-2 on nanostructured hydroxyapatite microspheres for rapid bone regeneration.

IntroductionTissue engineering is a promising strategy for bone regeneration in repairing massive bone defects. The surface morphology of implanted materials plays a key role in bone healing; these materials incorporate osteoinductive factors to improve the efficiency of bone regeneration.Materials and methodsIn the current study, nanostructured hydroxyapatite (nHAp) micro-spheres were prepared via a hydrothermal transformation method using calcium silicate (CS) microspheres as precursors; the CS microspheres were obtained by a spray-drying method. The nHAp microspheres constructed by the nano-whiskers significantly improved the ability of the microspheres to adsorb the bioactive protein (BMP-2) and reduce its initial burst release. To evaluate the in vivo bone regeneration of microspheres, both conventional hydroxyapatite (HAp) and nHAp microspheres were either loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) or not loaded with the protein; these microspheres were implanted in rat femoral bone defects for 4 and 8 weeks.Results and discussionThe results of our three-dimensional (3D) micro-computed tomography (CT) and histomorphometric observations showed that the combination of the nano-structured surface and rhBMP-2 obviously improved osteogenesis compared to conventional HAp microspheres loaded with rhBMP-2. Our results suggest that the nHAp microspheres with a nanostructured surface adsorb rhBMP-2 for rapid bone formation; they therefore show the potential to act as carriers in bone tissue regeneration.

Doesthe association of blood-derived growth factors to nanostructured carbonated hydroxyapatite contributes to the maxillary sinus floor elevation? A randomized clinical trial.

The combination of calcium phosphate with blood-derived growth factors (BDGF) has been widely used in bone regeneration procedures although its benefits are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether or not BDGF improves the efficacy of a modified carbonated calcium phosphate biomaterial in sinus floor augmentation. Ten patients underwent 20 sinus floor augmentation procedures using nanostructured carbonated hydroxyapatite (cHA) microspheres alone or associated with BDGF in a randomized controlled clinical trial. The in vitro release of growth factors was assessed by an elution assay. Bone grafts were randomly implanted in the right and left maxillary sinuses of each participant, associated either with a 0.9% saline solution or BDGF. Bone gain was evaluated through cone beam tomography after 180days. Nine women and one man composed the sample. The blood-derived concentrates were able to release high levels of growth factors and cytokines. A significant clinical advantage was observed in the use of the BDGF after fibrin polymerization around the biomaterial microspheres, optimizing the surgical procedures, thereby reducing the time and displacement, and improving the adaptation of the biomaterial in the maxillary sinus. No synergistic effect was observed in bone formation when cHA was associated with BDGF (p > 0.05). Equivalent new bone formation was observed for cHA in the presence or absence of the BDGF concentrate in bilateral sinus floor elevation after 6months. Blood-derived growth factors did not improve bone repair when associated with calcium phosphate in sinus lift procedures.

Defect-related luminescent bur-like hydroxyapatite microspheres induced apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells by lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways.

When orthopedic joints coated by hydroxyapatite (HA) were implanted in the human body, they release wear debris into the surrounding tissues. The generation and accumulation of wear particles will induce aseptic loosening. However, the potential bioeffect and mechanism of HA-coated orthopedic implants on bone cells are poorly understood. In this study, defect-related luminescent bur-like hydroxyapatite (BHA) microspheres with the average diameter of 7-9 μm which are comparable to that of the wear-debris particles from aseptically loosened HA implants or HA debris have been synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis and the MC3T3-E1 cells were set as a cells model to study the potential bioeffect and mechanism of BHA microspheres. The studies demonstrated that BHA microspheres could be taken into MC3T3-E1 cells via endocytosis involved in micropinocytosis- and clathrin-mediated endocytosis process, and exert cytotoxicity effect. BHA microspheres could induce the cell apoptosis by intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which led to not only an increase in the permeability of lysosome and release of cathepsins B, but also mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage. Our results provide novel evidence to elucidate their toxicity mechanisms and might be helpful for more reasonable applications of HA-based orthopaedic implants in the future.

Multi-dimensional hydroxyapatite microspheres as a filling material of minicolumns for effective removal at trace level of noble and non-noble metals from aqueous solutions

In this paper, the removal of noble and non-noble metals from aqueous solutions on multi-dimensional hydroxyapatite microspheres (MD-HAp-Ms) in column experiments was studied.The efficiency of non-noble metal removal, viz. Co(II) and Ni(II) commonly presented in the environment, and the attachment mechanism onto MD-HAp-Ms readily depended on the concentration of H+ in the influent solution.In contrast, ICP-MS, SEM, XRD, TEM/EDX and RAMAN investigations independently revealed that the adsorption of Pb(II) onto the minicolumns was complete over the entire pH range and did not significantly depend on the medium acidity/basicity. The formation of a hydroxylpyromorphite phase with a general formula of Pb5-x/Cax(PO4)3OH onto the calcium MD-HAp-Ms minicolumns during Pb(II) uptake regardless from the used pH range was detected.Compared to non-noble metals, the noble ions Ag+, Pd2+, Pt2+, Au3+ formed nanoparticles with an average size of 10–50 nm during adsorption onto the MD-HAp-Ms in ammoniacal medium. The efficiency of noble ions removal was in accordance with their standard electrode potential (E0).

Hydroxyapatite Microspheres as an Additive to Enhance Radiopacity, Biocompatibility, and Osteoconductivity of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Bone Cement.

This study demonstrates the utility of hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres as an additive to enhance the radiopaque properties, biocompatibility, and osteoconductivity of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based bone cements. HA microspheres were synthesized using spray drying. They had well-defined spherical shapes, thus allowing for the production of PMMA/HA composites with a very high HA content (20 vol % and 40 vol %). The uniform distribution of these HA microspheres in the PMMA matrix resulted in a remarkable increase in compressive modulus (p < 0.05), while preserving a reasonably high compressive strength. The PMMA/HA bone cements showed much higher radiopacity than PMMA containing BaSO4 as the additive. This was attributed to the high HA content up to 40 vol %. In addition, the biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of PMMA/HA bone cements were significantly enhanced compared to those of PMMA bone cements containing BaSO4, which were assessed using in vitro tests and in vivo animal experiments.

Incorporation of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate into Hydroxyapatite Microspheres To Improve the Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Accelerate Bone Regeneration.

In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA)-based microspheres with the ability to deliver bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) were developed for accelerating bone regeneration. The incorporation of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) in the HA matrix improved the rate of BMP-2 release from the microspheres. Under physiological conditions, the CSD fully degraded within 7 days and generated pore channels in the microspheres. The porosity and pore size of the HA-CSD microspheres after CSD degradation were 34.3% ± 4.2% and 11.5 ± 2.4 μm, respectively, significantly larger than those of the HA microspheres (23.9% ± 3.1% and 8.7 ± 0.9 μm, respectively). The increased porosity directly affected the rate of BMP-2 release from the microspheres. An in vitro experiment showed that both the BMP-2 release rate and the total amount of BMP-2 released increased considerably when incorporating the HA microspheres with CSD. BMP-2 was released slowly from the HA microspheres for up to 6 weeks. BMP-2 release was notably improved in the HA-CSD biphasic microspheres compared to the microspheres without CSD; the rate of release was 2.4-times faster due to the pores created by CSD dissolution after 7 days. Prior to animal testing, in vitro cell tests were performed to evaluate the biocompatibility of the HA-CSD microspheres. During CSD dissolution, biocompatible bone-like apatite precipitated on the cell surfaces, and preosteoblasts grew on the microspheres. In vivo experiments using a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model demonstrated that the level of bone regeneration was significantly enhanced by mineralization on the surface, generated additional pores as well as improved BMP-2 release behavior. The HA-CSD microspheres accelerated new bone growth to fill the entire defect in 6 weeks, corresponding to a 170% improvement in performance compared to the HA microspheres.

Does cationic incorporation into carbonated hydroxyapatite improve bone repair?

Background: Calcium phosphate ceramics are a group of materials that have been widely used in bone regeneration, especially hydroxyapatite (HA), because of its biocompatibility and similarity to the main mineral phase component of bone tissue. However, the biological apatite has nanometric dimensions and cationic and anionic substitutions and presents low crystallinity, which differs from stoichiometric HA. Aims: The ionic substitutions in the composition of HA have been done to mimic biological apatite and improve its physicochemical characteristics. Previous studies have demonstrated that strontium-, magnesium-, zinc-, and iron-isolated substitution stimulate osteoblastic activity, as well as reduce osteoclastic activity. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated the osteogenic potential of nanostructured carbonated hydroxyapatite microspheres (cHAMs) containing 5% strontium, 5% zinc, 5% magnesium, 1% iron, and 5% manganese, after implantation in a critical size defect in the rat's calvaria. Two experimental groups were studied: cHA 37°C (nanostructured cHA, control) and cHAM 37°C (metals doped nanostructured cHA). The animals were euthanized after 1, 3, and 6 months, and the samples were histologically processed for histomorphometric analysis regarding the presence of residual biomaterial, neoformed bone, and connective tissue. Statistical Analysis: The averages found were analyzed statistically by the D'Agostino and Pearson analysis and by Kruskal–Wallis test; significant differences were observed for P

In English

Microspheres of hydroxyapatite (HA) in alginate (Alg) shell can be successfully used for controlled release of drugs, growth factors, and antibacterial compounds. Hydroxyapatite is a perfect material for biomaterials production due to its high sorption capacity to metal ions, low solubility in water, high stability to oxidisers and reducers, low cost and biocompatibility. Sodium alginate used for microspheres formation due to its cross-linking capability with divalent cations (Cu 2+ , Ca 2+ etc.). Microspheres HA/Alg-Cu were obtained by 2 variants of synthesis and showed more rough surface than that of microspheres HA/Alg-Ca what is better for cell proliferation. XRD results show that HA is the main crystalline phase in obtained microspheres. According to the results of adsorption kinetics study, HA has the main contribution in process of Cu 2+ ions adsorption. The temperature, increasing the rate of the adsorption process, has negligible effect on the adsorption capacity of HA due to the saturation of energetically heterogeneous active sites on the microspheres surface with Cu 2+ ions. Adsorption index of HA/Alg microspheres to Cu 2+ ions was calculated to be above 60 mg/g. Adsorption of Cu 2+ ions on HA/Alg microspheres has an ion-exchange character. Due to the Cu 2+ ions release obtained microspheres showed antibacterial effect on S. aureus and E. coli in concentration 6 mg/mL.

Injectable hybrid system for strontium local delivery promotes bone regeneration in a rat critical-sized defect model

Strontium (Sr) has been described as having beneficial influence in bone strength and architecture. However, negative systemic effects have been reported on oral administration of Sr ranelate, leading to strict restrictions in clinical application. We hypothesized that local delivery of Sr improves osteogenesis without eliciting detrimental side effects. Therefore, the in vivo response to an injectable Sr-hybrid system composed of RGD-alginate hydrogel cross-linked in situ with Sr and reinforced with Sr-doped hydroxyapatite microspheres, was investigated. The system was injected in a critical-sized bone defect model and compared to a similar Sr-free material. Micro-CT results show a trend towards higher new bone formed in Sr-hybrid group and major histological differences were observed between groups. Higher cell invasion was detected at the center of the defect of Sr-hybrid group after 15 days with earlier bone formation. Higher material degradation with increase of collagen fibers and bone formation in the center of the defect after 60 days was observed as opposed to bone formation restricted to the periphery of the defect in the control. These histological findings support the evidence of an improved response with the Sr enriched material. Importantly, no alterations were observed in the Sr levels in systemic organs or serum.

The synergistic effect of micro/nano-structured and Cu2+-doped hydroxyapatite particles to promote osteoblast viability and antibacterial activity

Microstructure and chemical constitution are important factors affecting the biological activity of biomaterials. This study aimed to fabricate hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles with both micro/nanohybrid structure and Cu2+ doping to promote osteogenic differentiation and antibacterial property. In the presence of inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), micro/nano-structured and Cu2+-doped HAp (HAp-IP6-Cu) microspheres were successfully fabricated via hydrothermal method. Morphological observation showed that HAp-IP6-Cu microspheres with a diameter of 3.1–4.1 μm were chrysanthemum-like and composed of nano-flakes approximately 50 nm in thickness. Compared with the HAp micro-rods or IP6 modified HAp (HAp-IP6) microspheres, HAp-IP6-Cu microspheres had a larger specific surface area, better hydrophilicity and stronger ability to adsorb bovine serum albumin. To evaluate the synergistic effects of micro/nanohybrid structure and Cu2+ on cell behavior, rat calvarial osteoblasts (RCOs) were cultured on HAp-IP6-Cu, HAp-IP6 and HAp layers as well as their extracts, respectively. Results demonstrated that HAp-IP6-Cu layer promoted the adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of RCOs. The cells grew on HAp-IP6-Cu and HAp-IP6 layers exhibited greater spreading than those on HAp layer. In addition, quantitative test by the agar disk diffusion technique found that HAp-IP6-Cu microspheres were effectively against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These results demonstrated that HAp-IP6-Cu microspheres may be a potential candidate as a bioactive and anti-infective biomaterial for bone regeneration.

Enhanced osteogenesis and angiogenesis by mesoporous hydroxyapatite microspheres-derived simvastatin sustained release system for superior bone regeneration

Biomaterials with both excellent osteogenic and angiogenic activities are desirable to repair massive bone defects. In this study, simvastatin with both osteogenic and angiogenic activities was incorporated into the mesoporous hydroxyapatite microspheres (MHMs) synthesized through a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method using fructose 1,6-bisphosphate trisodium salt (FBP) as an organic phosphorous source. The effects of the simvastatin-loaded MHMs (S-MHMs) on the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and angiogenesis in EA.hy926 cells were investigated. The results showed that the S-MHMs not only enhanced the expression of osteogenic markers in rBMSCs but also promoted the migration and tube formation of EA.hy926 cells. Furthermore, the S-MHMs were incorporated into collagen matrix to construct a novel S-MHMs/collagen composite scaffold. With the aid of MHMs, the water-insoluble simvastatin was homogenously incorporated into the hydrophilic collagen matrix and presented a sustained release profile. In vivo experiments showed that the S-MHMs/collagen scaffolds enhanced the bone regeneration and neovascularization simultaneously. These results demonstrated that the water-insoluble simvastatin could be incorporated into the MHMs and maintained its biological activities, more importantly, the S-MHMs/collagen scaffolds fabricated in this study are of immense potential in bone defect repair by enhancing osteogenesis and angiogenesis simultaneously.

Evaluation of zinc-doped mesoporous hydroxyapatite microspheres for the construction of a novel biomimetic scaffold optimized for bone augmentation.

Biomaterials with high osteogenic activity are desirable for sufficient healing of bone defects resulting from trauma, tumor, infection, and congenital abnormalities. Synthetic materials mimicking the structure and composition of human trabecular bone are of considerable potential in bone augmentation. In the present study, a zinc (Zn)-doped mesoporous hydroxyapatite microspheres (Zn-MHMs)/collagen scaffold (Zn-MHMs/Coll) was developed through a lyophilization fabrication process and designed to mimic the trabecular bone. The Zn-MHMs were synthesized through a microwave-hydrothermal method by using creatine phosphate as an organic phosphorus source. Zn-MHMs that consist of hydroxyapatite nanosheets showed relatively uniform spherical morphology, mesoporous hollow structure, high specific surface area, and homogeneous Zn distribution. They were additionally investigated as a drug nanocarrier, which was efficient in drug delivery and presented a pH-responsive drug release behavior. Furthermore, they were incorporated into the collagen matrix to construct a biomimetic scaffold optimized for bone tissue regeneration. The Zn-MHMs/Coll scaffolds showed an interconnected pore structure in the range of 100–300 μm and a sustained release of Zn ions. More importantly, the Zn-MHMs/Coll scaffolds could enhance the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Finally, the bone defect repair results of critical-sized femoral condyle defect rat model demonstrated that the Zn-MHMs/Coll scaffolds could enhance bone regeneration compared with the Coll or MHMs/Coll scaffolds. The results suggest that the biomimetic Zn-MHMs/Coll scaffolds may be of enormous potential in bone repair and regeneration.