Hydroxyanthraquinones Research Articles

Vertical distribution of main soil hydroxyanthraquinones in soil profiles

The vertical distribution of main soil hydroxyanthraquinones (HAQs) in the soil profiles of five Japanese Andosols, one Japanese Gambisol, and one Nepalese Gambisol was analyzed quantitatively, using high performance liquid chromatography and thin Bayer chromatography with a two stage development accompanied by scanning densitormetry. The results were as follows: The vertical distribution patterns of chrysophanol (CIPL) and its dimers in Andosols profiles shewed maximum contents in the middle past of the surface horizon. The vertical distribution of physcion (PYS) and its dimers in soil profiles showed various patterns in each profile. AdditionaBPy, we investigated the vertical distribution of HAQs in AndosoPs under a Miscanthus sinensis grassland, and in an adjacent successional red pine (Pinus densiflora) forest at Sugadaira, Central Japan. En the surface soil (0–15 cm), the contents of the dimers of CPL (microcarpin and chrysotalunin) slightly increased and those of the dimers of PPS (7,7′-biphyscion and Rinakurian) showed a remarkable increase in the succession, whereas the contents of monomeric HAQs (CBL and PYS) slightly decreased suggesting preferential production of dimeric HAQs below a depth of 15 em in the forest Andosol. The dimers of CPL and the dimers sf PPS exhibited diRerent structures, vertical distribution patterns, and changes in the contents in Andosols in the secondary succession. Therefore, it was assumed that dimeric reaction processes of CPL may be different from those of PYS, if dimeric reactions had occurred in soil.

Spectrophotometric study of the interaction of some hydroxyanthraquinones (HAQs) with magnesium(II) in a cationic micelle

Six different hydroxyanthraquinones (HAQs) in aqueous micellar (cationic, anionic and non-ionic) media were tested as effective and selective chelators for the MgII ion in alkaline conditions. Of these 1,4 and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinones were found to effectively bind to MgII ions and were useful for the ppm level spectral determination of MgII ion. The MgII ion forms 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 chelates with 1,4-and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinones, respectively, which have maximum absorption at 610 and 575 nm, respectively. MgII can be determined in the presence of a large excess of foreign ions including the CaII ion. The statistical analysis of the results, apparent p K a, expected bathchromic shift of the reagent absorption, molar absorptivity change and electronic spectra in various organized media are discussed.

Analytics of senna drugs with regard to the toxicological discussion of anthranoids.

Toxicological studies indicate that two hydroxyanthraquinones (HAs), aloe-emodin and emodin, present as minor components in senna, might represent a genotoxic or cancerogenetic risk for man. Since aloe-emodin and emodin occur in senna in the free form as well as their glucosides and dianthrone glucosides, a HPLC method was established to allow the quantification of all free and glycosidic 1,8-dihydroxy anthranoids. The sum of the free HAs and their calculated content in each of their prodrug forms is defined as the potential HA content. For the comparison of different senna drugs in respect to the genotoxic risk arising from their potential aloe-emodin or emodin contents, a risk index has been established.

Genotoxicity of naturally occurring hydroxyanthraquinones

A variety of structurally related hydroxyanthraquinones (HA) were investigated in a test battery for the evaluation of mutagenicity and cell-transforming activity. The tests were: (1) the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay, (2) the V79-HGPRT mutagenicity assay, (3) the DNA-repair induction assay in primary rat hepatocytes and (4) the in vitro transformation of C3H/M2 mouse fibroblasts. In Salmonella, most of the tested compounds were mutagenic in strain TA1537, but only a few were active in other strains. Among these were HA with a hydroxymethyl group, such as lucidin and aloe-emodin. In V79 cells, only HA with 2 hydroxy groups in the 1,3 positions (1,3-DHA, purpurin, emodin) or with a hydroxymethyl sidechain (lucidin and aloe-emodin) were mutagenic. The compounds found to be active in V79 cells were also active in the DNA-repair assay and in the C3H/M2 transformation assay. Thus, it appears that the genotoxicity of HA is dependent on certain structural requirements.

Colour and Constitution of Anthraquinonoid Dyes. Part 1‐Modified PPP Calculations and Substituent Effects

Calculation of the –electronic excitation energies of anthraquinonoid dyes has been carried out by means of the Pariser–Parr–Pople (PPP) method with the variable β, γ approximation. A good linear correlation between the observed and calculated values for the first – * excitation was found for a series of amino– and hydroxy–anthraquinone dyes. The effect of substituents on the colour of different dyes was studied on the basis of these calculated results. The intramolecular charge–transfer character of the first – * transition was supported. The parameters used in this calculation can be adapted to estimate the colour of any anthraquinonoid dye.

Desaturation of fatty acids by the psychrophilic bacterium Micrococcus cryophilus [proceedings

Conference Article| October 01 1977 Desaturation of Fatty Acids by the Psychrophilic Bacterium Micrococcus cryophilus NICHOLAS J. RUSSELL NICHOLAS J. RUSSELL 1Department of Biochemistry, University College, P.O. Box 78, Cardiff CF1 1XL, Wales, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1977) 5 (5): 1492–1494. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0051492 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation NICHOLAS J. RUSSELL; Desaturation of Fatty Acids by the Psychrophilic Bacterium Micrococcus cryophilus. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 1977; 5 (5): 1492–1494. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0051492 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1977 Biochemical Society1977 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Spectrophotometric studies on the composition, stability and analytical applications of lanthanum(III). 1,2,5,8 Tetra Hydroxy Anthraquinone (Quinalizarin) chelate in solution

AbstractThe formation of a violet colour produced by the interaction of 1, 2, 5, 8 Tetrahydroxy anthraquinone (quinalizarin) and Lanthanum has been studied to determine the composition, stability and other characteristics of the chelate formed. The absorbance curves of the complex show maxima at 530 mμ. The composition of the chelate has been determined by three methods. The molar ratio of the metal to chelating agent is 1:2. The chelate is soluble in aqueous ethanol and is stable between pH 6.5–7.2. The maximum colour formation is attained at pH 6.8, when the mixture contains greater than five fold excess of the reagent with respect to the metal solution and the colour intensity remains unaltered even after keeping the mixture for three hours at room temperature. The stability constant of the chelate has been calculated by three different methods (a – c). The values of log K in 50% ethanolic medium at 30° are respectively a) 10.1 ± 0.1, b) 10.2 ± 0.1, c) 10.1 ± 0.1 and the free energies of formation at the same temperature are a) −14.0 ± 0.1, b) −14.1 ± 0.1, c) −14.0 ± 0.1 K.cal. The range of concentration for adherence to BEER's Law and value of optimum concentration range are 1.26 to 6.32 ppm and 1.4 to 3.5 ppm. Studies have also been made to establish optimum conditions for the spectrophotometric determination of Lanthanum.

The Preparation and Hydrolysis of Some Hydroxyanthraquinone Biosides1

The Preparation and Hydrolysis of Some Hydroxyanthraquinone Biosides¹

Anthraquinone pigments in galium

The occurrence of chemical as distinct from morphological varieties has been shown in the plant Eucalyptus Dives by Penfold and Morrison (1928). An example of definite chemical variation in animals is that of the Dalmatian hound, where the excretion of uric acid peculiar to this variety was shown by Onslow (1923) to behave genetically in the same way as a morphological character. More recently Scott-Moncrieff (1936) and Lawrence and Scott-Moncrieff (1935), who have extended the earlier investigations of Mrs. Onslow (1925) on the genetics of the occur­ rence of the anthocyanins, which give the colours of flowers and fruits, have shown that the study of chemical genetics can give a clue to pro­ cesses taking place in the organism. This work forms the foundations for the development of the branch of biology—Chemical Variation. While, for example, a certain terpene may characterize a species, in some cases a chemical substance may characterize a whole genus or group of genera. The last consideration concerns the present work. Anthocyanins and substances related to them have been found by Robinson and Robinson (1934) to be almost general in the plant kingdom. The knowledge of hydroxyanthraqui nones in plants, the substances with which the present paper is concerned, has recently received two important additions—the work of Raistrick, Robinson, and Todd (1934) on the Mould Helminthosporum and of Kögl and Deijs (1934) on the Toadstool Boletus. Previously, hydroxyanthraquinones were known in Lichens and in Angiosperms; in Rhammus and Ventilago (Rhammaceae), in Rumex and Polygonum ; in Cassia and Andira (Leguminosae); in Aloe (Liliaceae) as well as in Madder and several other members of the Rubiaceae. The anthraquinone structure occurs in isolated cases through­ out the plant kingdom, which suggests that, like the anthocyanidin and anthoxanthin structure, it may be the end product of a general type of metabolism leading to aromatic compounds.