Hydrothermal Way Research Articles

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of 0D/2D SrMoO4/g-C3N4 composite with direct Z-scheme heterojunction: Efficient photocatalytic Ciprofloxacin degradation

Ciprofloxacin (Cip) is a common pollutant that causes sewage problems, and its effective removal is a great contribution to the clean water environment. Direct Zener-scheme (Z-scheme) heterojunction photocatalyst is a promising design idea for the removal of residual antibiotics in water. The goal of this study is to construct a binary composite photocatalyst with Z-scheme heterojunction to effectively remove residual ciprofloxacin in wastewater. Herein, a direct Z-scheme 0D/2D SrMoO4/g-C3N4 (SMOCN) composite photocatalyst was synthesized by ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal way and its interior information (chemical structure, micromorphology, and physic-optical property) was detected by various characterization instruments (XRD, FT-IR, EDX, XPS, UV–Vis DRS, and PL). Meanwhile, the photocatalytic activity of all-prepared catalysts were estimated by Cip photodegradation experiments under simulated sunlight (500 W Xenon lamp). Among them, 89.9 % of Cip was broken down by 30SMOCN composite within 180 min at pH 7.0, which respectively reached 2.56 times of bare SMO and 2.03 times of bare CN. Furthermore, 85.2 % of Cip targeted molecule is still removed by SMOCN (excellent stability and recyclability) after five cycle runs. Finally, the reasonableness of SMOCN conforming to the direct Z-scheme mechanism is verified by comparison of optical properties, quenching experiment results and photogenerated carrier migration paths: 1) There is optical complementarity between SMO and CN, which is represented by redshifted absorption edge, narrowed band gap and weaken PL intensity. 2) The key active site on the SMOCN composite surface is photogenerated carriers in Cip photocatalytic degradation, which given full play to the direct synergistic catalytic effect between SMO and CN heterojunction. 3) The direct Z-scheme mechanism preserves the carriers of SMOCN with effective photo-redox function, promotes their separation and prolongs their lifetime.

Bottom-up construction of reduced-graphene-oxide anchored perovskite FeTiO3 and SnO2 and their synergy in photocatalytic activity under visible light

Perovskite FeTiO3 and SnO2 nanocrystals were synthesized adopting hydrothermal way, and were placed together in junction, the heterojunction FeTiO3-SnO2 was employed as substrate for the deposit of various reduced-graphene-oxide (rGO) mass ratios (x = 10, 15 and 20 %). XRD analysis illustrated that FeTiO3 has a perovskite crystal structure and SnO2 has a tetragonal one, after the rGO's deposit, the crystalline phases were conserved with an affecting of the crystal parameters, the structural quality of joined rGO to SnO2-FeTiO3 was studied by Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, SEM images demonstrated the heterojunctions' formation and the effective mixing of rGO with FeTiO3-SnO2. The electronic properties were studied by the photoluminescence spectroscopy; all analysis revealed that the structural and electronic properties are influenced by rGO's deposit. Furthermore, the heterojunctions were studied for their enhanced adsorptive and photocatalytic activities under visible light irradiation, finding an improvement after rGO deposit, which x = 15 % shows the highest combined adsorptive/photocatalysis performance.

Hydrothermal fabrication, characterization and RSM optimization of cobalt-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles for antibiotic photodegradation under visible light

Photodegradation is considered a significant method engaged for the elimination of organic pollutants from water. In this work, hydrothermal cobalt-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Hy-Co–ZnO NPs) loaded with 5, 10, and 15% cobalt were prepared in a hydrothermal way and were investigated as a photocatalyst for the Ciprofloxacin (CIPF) degradation under visible irradiation using LED-light. Characterization approaches such as FTIR, XRD, XPS, DRS UV–vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, BET, EDX and TGA were used for the investigation of the fabricated Hy-Co–ZnO NPs. The studies indicated that 10% Hy-Co–ZnO NPs was the most efficient catalyst for the CIPF photolysis compared to ZnO NPs and other Hy-Co–ZnO NPs with 5 and 15% cobalt content. Higher photocatalytic activity (> 98%) of 20 mg/L of CIPF solution was attained within 60 min. The reaction kinetics showed that the first-order model is suitable for displaying the rate of reaction and amount of CIPF elimination with R2 = 0.9883. Moreover, Central composite design (CCD) optimization of the 10% Hy-Co–ZnO NPs was also studied.

A sensitive lateral flow test strip sensor for visual detection of acid red 18 in food using bicentric-emission carbon dots.

Hazardous synthetic colorants have found widespread use in food production, and excessive consumption of these pigments can pose potential risks to human health. In this study, we propose an ultrasensitive fluorescence method for the analysis of Acid Red 18 (AR18) in food products. The method is based on the nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) derived from tris and resorcinol through a hydrothermal way. The as-synthesized N-CDs exhibit two emission centers at 425 nm and 541 nm, corresponding to the excitation wavelengths of 377 nm and 465 nm, respectively. Upon the addition of AR18, the fluorescence intensity at 541 nm significantly decreases with a simultaneous, though less pronounced, reduction in the intensity at 425 nm, which is attributed to the localization of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (L-FRET). Specifically, a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe was constructed based on the extracted data from the 3D fluorescence excitation-emission matrix. This probe demonstrates a wide linear range from 0.0539 to 30 μM and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 53.9 nM. For practical applications, a portable fluorescent sensor based on a lateral flow test strip (LFTS) was designed for real-time monitoring of AR18. Color channel values were determined using a smartphone application, resulting in a satisfactory LOD of 75.3 nM. Furthermore, the suitability of the proposed ratiometric fluorescent probe was validated through the detection of AR18 in real food samples, consistently achieving recovery rates in the range of 99.7-101.4%. This research not only expands the scope of CDs in sensing fields, but also provides an effective strategy for the development of an excellent platform for real-time AR18 detection, contributing to public food safety.

Facile preparation of high-performance hydrochar/TiO2 heterojunction visible light photocatalyst for treating Cr(VI)-polluted water

In order to remedy the shortcomings of narrow absorption wavelength range and low photogenerated carrier separation efficiency of TiO2 photocatalyst, hydrochar (HC) was chosen to modify TiO2 by constructing HC/TiO2 heterojunction composite. HC/TiO2 composites were synthesized from glucose, tetrabutyl titanate and deionized water by a simple one-pot hydrothermal way, and their photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction properties were studied. The results indicated that HC/TiO2 composites had tremendously improved photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction activity, in comparison with TiO2, HC and a number of newly reported TiO2-based visible light photocatalysts. When the mass percentage of glucose to tetrabutyl titanate was 14, the obtained HC/TiO2-2 possessed the maximal photocatalytic activity, which was 19 times that of TiO2 and 14.3 times that of HC under visible light (wavelength > 420 nm) irradiation, and 3.2 times that of TiO2 under ultraviolet-visible light (Xenon lamp) irradiation. Furthermore, the photocatalytic stability of HC/TiO2-2 was also excellent. Additionally, proper choice of the photocatalysis experiment parameters could further raise the photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction efficiency of HC/TiO2-2. The exceptionally elevated photocatalytic activity of HC/TiO2-2 was found to be due to its type-II heterojunction structure, which drastically heightened the separation and transfer efficiencies of photogenerated electrons and holes. Besides, HC/TiO2-2 also showed great potential for practical application in photocatalytic treatment of the Cr(VI) effluents discharged from freezing brine and black chromium plating industries.

Rheological and shear thickening properties in MoS2 nanosheets dispersion: An integrated experimental and theoretical investigation

For the advancement of solvent processing and manufacturing procedures, understanding the rheological characteristics of suspended two-dimensional (2D) materials is crucial. Here, we synthesized MoS2 nanosheets using a simple, easy and efficient hydrothermal way. Structural and morphological studies have been carried out using X-ray diffraction and scanning/transmission electron microscopy confirming the formation of MoS2 nanosheets. The elemental composition of the as-prepared samples was studied using an energy-dispersive X-ray analyser. Optical properties were studied using FTIR spectroscopy. MoS2 nanosheets prepared at 180 °C and 200 °C were considered for rheological studies. For rheological studies, stable dispersions of MoS2 nanosheets in water were analysed. Initially, water dispersion of MoS2 nanosheets showed non-Newtonian behaviour following the Newtonian/Bingham plastic fluid model. Its viscoelastic characteristics suggest lubricating fluid application. DFT has been used to study MoS2 nanosheets under biaxial strain. This simple aqueous method can provide a reliable lubricant and improve MoS2 nanosheets rheology.

Novel high entropy oxide as anode for high performance lithium-ion capacitors

A fresh type of lithium-ion battery anode called high entropy oxide (HEO) has a remarkable specific capacity and outstanding cycle performance. The advantage of HEO consists in the distinct adjustable contents along with governable chemical constitution, which makes it possible to develop novel electrode materials using infinite combinations of elements. We successfully synthesized (FeCoNiCuZn)3O4 material via a straightforward hydrothermal way in this work. At a lofty current density of 1 A g−1, obtaining an invertible capacity of 540 mAh g−1 behind 500 cycles, the unique structure of (FeCoNiCuZn)3O4 exhibits remarkable stability. We analyzed the valence states of the metal elements and further investigated their relationship with electrochemical and kinetic properties after using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Subsequently, by incorporating the (FeCoNiCuZn)3O4 anode with activated carbon (AC) in a lithium-ion hybrid capacitor (LIHC), which could deliver an outstanding power density of 4000 W kg−1 and energy density of 158 Wh kg−1 while maintaining excellent capacity retention property even after 5000 cycles, the anode showed considerable performance. This is the first time HEO has been used in LIHC, as far as we are aware.

Preparation and characterization of bifunctional wolfsbane-like magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles-decorated lignin-based carbon nanofibers composites for electromagnetic wave absorption and electrochemical energy storage

Recently, with the pursuit of high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) and electrochemical energy storage (EES) materials, multifunctional lignin-based composites have attracted significant interest due to their low cost, vast availability, and sustainability. In this work, lignin-based carbon nanofibers (LCNFs) was first prepared by electrospinning, pre-oxidation and carbonization processes. Then, different content of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of LCNFs via the facile hydrothermal way to produce a series of bifunctional wolfsbane-like LCNFs/Fe3O4 composites. Among them, the synthesized optimal sample (using 12 mmol of FeCl3·6H2O named as LCNFs/Fe3O4–2) displayed excellent EMWA ability. When the minimum reflection loss (RL) value achieved −44.98 dB at 6.01 GHz with an thickness of 1.5 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) was up to 4.19 GHz ranging from 5.10 to 7.21 GHz. For supercapacitor electrode, the highest specific capacitance of LCNFs/Fe3O4–2 reached 538.7 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g, and the capacitance retention remained at 80.3 %. Moreover, an electric double layer capacitor of LCNFs/Fe3O4–2//LCNFs/Fe3O4–2 also showed a remarkable power density of 7755.29 W/kg, outstanding energy density of 36.62 Wh/kg and high cycle stability (96.89 % after 5000 cycles). In short, the construction of this multifunctional lignin-based composites has potential applications in electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers and supercapacitor electrodes.

ZnCoMo nanorods modified with MoS2 nanosheets for supercapacitors and hydrogen evolution reaction

The preparation of dual-function nanomaterial electrode can meet the requirements of supercapacitor energy storage and the hydrogen emission reaction (HER), which makes the integrated design of energy reserves and hydrogen evolution possible. In this article, a two-step hydrothermal way that was consolidated with a continuous annealing process was used to build a graded mesoporous ZnCoMo@MoS2 nanocomposite electrode on the nickel foam framework. The entire surface of uniform ZnCoMo nanorods is tightly wrapped by MoS2 nanosheet arrays to form core-shell nanostructured electrodes, exposing the entire electrode's large specific surface area. Among them, oxide ZnCoMo is metalled by zinc cobalt molybdenum hybrid for short. The core-sheath nanostructure of the composite ZnCoMo@MoS2 It has high specific capacitance. The maximum accurate capacitance of this method is 1005.3 F g−1 (current density is 10mA/cm2). Under the condition of 50 mA/cm2, after 3000 cycles of discharge tests and charge, the capacity remains at 87.9% and the cycle stability is good. In addition, ZnCoMo@MoS2 nanocomposite electrode's overpotential is 125 mV at 10 mA/cm2 for hydrogen development in alkaline electrolyte and it has good stability. Lower overpotential and the larger specific capacitance are imputed to the synergistic result of MoS2 nanocomposites and ZnCoMo mainly. The results show that ZnCoMo@MoS2 core-shell heterostructure has high energy storage density and good hydrogen evolution performance, which provides a promising multi-functional active material for energy storage and hydrogen evolution.

Green ratiometric fluorescent dual-mode nanosensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of new coccine in food

New coccine is one of the most used red colorants in foods. Due to its cytotoxicity, quantitative determination is very necessary. Herein, the ratiometric fluorescent and UV absorption dual-mode nanosensor, derived from fangchinoline and o-phenylenediamine, was successfully prepared by hydrothermal way. The prepared carbon dots with three colors were purified with dialysis, thin layer chromatography and chromatographic column. Highly green fluorescence of Fan,N-CDs was quenched by new coccine with inner filter effect. The dependence of the ratiometric fluorescent response on new coccine concentrations was found linear over the range of 0–12.5 μM and 20–55 μM with LOD of 30.12 nM and 54.85 nm, respectively. The linearity of UV absorption ranged from 0 to 45 μM with of LOD 1.98 nM. In addition, the nanosensor was used to determine new coccine in energy drinks, carbonated beverage, gum and ketchup. It provides a new insight on the detection of new coccine by the dual-mode nanosensor.

A novel recyclable BiOCl/BiOI/MnxZn1-xFe2O4 photocatalyst with enhanced Rhodamine B removal under visible light

A novel recyclable BiOCl/BiOI/MnxZn1-xFe2O4 photocatalyst has been synthesized using a hydrothermal way. Herein, the photocatalytic performances of BiOCl/BiOI combined with different mass ratios of MnxZn1-xFe2O4 were displayed through degrading Rhodamine B (RhB) under simulated visible light. Among the fabricated samples, BiOCl/BiOI with 3 wt% MnxZn1-xFe2O4 (BCI-3MZF) possessed the best photocatalytic activity, which could remove 98% RhB within 40 min owing to the larger specific area (84.82 m2 g−1) and small bandgap energy (2.13 eV). The recyclability test showed that the saturation magnetization of BCI-3MZF was 2.65 emu·g−1, which meant that this photocatalyst could be recovered conveniently through an external magnetic field. Furthermore, the stability test demonstrated that the degradation ratio of RhB using BCI-3MZF could still exceed 90% after using four times. In the basis of these results, a possible photodegradation process was analyzed and illustrated. The investigation of BiOCl/BiOI/MnxZn1-xFe2O4 may provide the field of photocatalysis with a new perspective to treat wastewater and protect the environment.

Hetero intimate interface CN/Fe–SnO2 micro flowers towards superior photocatalytic applications

In this report, novel Fe doped SnO2/g-C3N4 hetero intimate interface (CN/Fe–SnO2) micro flowers were prepared successfully using the optimized amounts of g-C3N4 and Fe–SnO2 as precursor material and DMSO-DD water (1:10) mixture exploit as a solvent by the conventional hydrothermal way. The physiochemical features of developed nanomaterials were characterized by various analytical methods. It was found that the crystalline structure of SnO2 was maintained even after doping of iron, as disclosed by XRD, and also signifies the distortion of g-C3N4 after the hydrothermal method. According to XRD results, the crystal system of pure SnO2 proved as tetragonal. Instead of small ionic radius Sn4+, high ionic radius Fe2+ was substituted, the volume of the unit cell was slightly developed and the XRD pattern also becomes wide because of the strain impact. From FESEM and HRTEM results, we can observe flower-like g-C3N4 nanosheets tightly sandwiched with Fe doped SnO2 (CN/Fe–SnO2). Morphology plays a crucial role because its layered structure provides more active sites and light-harvesting capability due to multiple internal reflections and interface charge separations. Moreover, the Fe doping overhauls the energy band structure and affords the Z-scheme electron conduction mechanism of CN/Fe–SnO2 heterojunction. The prepared CN/Fe–SnO2 micro flowers are more desirable for application in photocatalytic water splitting hydrogen production and Methylene blue (MB) dye degradation, through this nanocomposite we have achieved 933μmole/2 h hydrogen production and 97% of Methylene blue (MB) dye degradation.

A novel 2D sulfide gallium heterojunction as a high-performance electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

It is an effective way to split water to produce high-clean hydrogen energy for solving energy crisis in the world. However, overall water splitting is still suffering from high voltage and sluggish kinetics. Herein, we firstly synthesize sulfide gallium heterojunction modified with abundant S vacancies in a one-pot hydrothermal way, showing the low OER overpotential of 345 ​mV with good stability as well as HER overpotential of 209 ​mV at 10 ​mA ​cm−2. Furthermore, we assemble the sulfide gallium heterojunction into cathode and anode for overall water splitting, which possesses a low voltage of 1.43 ​V in an alkaline solution. The density functional theory calculations also reveal that the sulfide gallium heterojunction with S vacancy has narrower band energy gap in sulfide gallium. This designed heterojunction has great potential for being used as a novel electrocatalyst to replace the commercial RuO2//Pt/C system in water splitting field.

Effect of Y Concentration on the In Situ Growth Behavior and Corrosion Protection of the MgAlY-LDH Sealing Film on the Anodized Surface of Mg–2Zn–4Y Alloy

The successful doping of Yttrium (Y) in the Mg-Al layered double hydroxide film (MgAlY-LDHs) is obtained by hydrothermal way on the anodic oxide film of Mg-2Zn-4Y alloys. The composition, morphology and structure of MgAlY-LDHs were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field-emission scanning electronic microscope (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) respectively. The electrochemical behavior was observed by polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Y ions can be incorporated into the MgAl-LDHs film in a completely isomorphic replacement manner and have the ability to improve the corrosion resistance of the film. Moreover, the ternary LDHs film grown in situ on the Mg-2Zn-4Y alloy provides a high possibility for the corrosion resistance of industrial metals. The schematic representation of electrochemical behavior and the growth mechanism of MgAlY-LDHs nanosheet are as following eventually.

CuMnO2 Nanoflakes as Cathode Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Magnesium-Air Battery

Developing efficient and stable ORR catalysts for Mg-air batteries is crucial to enabling extensive applications. Herein, CuMnO2 nanoflakes were synthesized with a facile one-step hydrothermal way and applied as the cathode catalyst for Mg-air batteries. The ORR activities in alkaline and neutral electrolyte were then investigated. The half-wave potential has a minus variation of 22 mV after 5000 cycles, indicating the outstanding stability of the CuMnO2. The electron transfer number of the CuMnO2 is 3.70 under neutral condition, which demonstrates that the reaction process of ORR is equivalent to the commercial Pt catalyst. Moreover, the primary Mg-air battery with CuMnO2 as the cathode catalyst was assembled and the discharge properties were tested. The open circuit voltage achieved was 1.78 V and the operating voltage remained about 1.36 V after 22 h operation at 1.0 mA·cm−2. It is evident that the CuMnO2 nanoflake is an effective catalyst to accelerate the reaction rate of ORR process in Mg-air battery. This work provides a novel approach for the subsequent exploration of non-noble metal catalysts for Mg-air batteries.

Origami and layered-shaped ZnNiFe-LDH synthesized on Cu(OH)2 nanorods array to enhance the energy storage capability

The combination of layered nanorod arrays with unique core–shell structure and transition metal layered double hydroxide (LDH) is considered as a feasible solution to improve the electrochemical performances of capacitor electrode. In this study, layered ZnNiFe-LDH@Cu(OH)2/CF core–shell nanorod arrays, which consist of ultrathin ZnNiFe-LDHs nanosheet shells and ordered Cu(OH)2 nanorod inner cores, are successfully designed and fabricated by a typical hydrothermal way and a simple in situ oxidation reaction. The electrode prepared using ZnNiFe-LDH@Cu(OH)2/CF nanomaterial reveals an remarkable area capacitance of 6100 mF cm−2 at 3 mA cm−2 current density, which is excellently superior than those of ZnFe-LDH@Cu(OH)2/CF, NiFe-LDH@Cu(OH)2/CF, Cu(OH)2/CF and CF. Additionally, the capacitance retention remains as high as 83.4% after 5000 cycles and a very small Rs (0.567 Ω) can be observed. In addition, an asymmetric supercapacitor device is successfully fabricated employing ZnNiFe-LDH@Cu(OH)2/CF. Meanwhile, the ZnNiFe-LDH@Cu(OH)2/CF//AC device can achieve an energy density of 44 Wh kg−1 and a corresponding power density of 720 W kg−1 and possess the capability to light up a multi-function monitor for 33 min just using two ASC equipments connected in series. Therefore, the prepared ZnNiFe-LDH@Cu(OH)2/CF composite materials with unique structure has great application potential in energy storage devices.

NCoCu Carbon Dots Intertwined NiCo Double Hydroxide Nanorod Array for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

AbstractElectrocatalytic production of hydrogen from water is a faster and environmentally friendly way of producing bulk hydrogen with the highest purity. Herein, a highly efficient mesh‐like cobalt hydroxide self‐supporting catalyst coupled with NCoCu‐5 carbon dots (CDs) on Ni foam (NF) is reported by a common hydrothermal way. The type of carbon dots on NiCo double hydroxide has a great effect on the morphology of the catalyst (NCoCu‐5 CDs/NF−CoNi). The intertwined mesh‐like NCoCu‐5 CDs/NF−CoNi catalyst has an excellent HER performance, exhibiting a low overpotential of 65 mV at 10 mA cm−2. After coupling with NCoCu‐5 CDs, a new Co−N electronic transfer channel is created in composite, and a suitable electronic environment is produced between Co and NCoCu‐5 CDs. Copper cations react with NF to generate Cu+ intermediate ions, thus further promoting the formation of Co3+. It supplies a high‐speed charge channel for the transmission of ions and increases the active sites.

Near-infrared responsive reduced graphene oxide supported CuS: Enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance

Various reduced graphene oxide supported CuS (RGO-CuS) composites were obtained via a hydrothermal way in this work. The as-obtained RGO-CuS with a low bandgap of ~1.24 eV showed significant light absorption in near-infrared (NIR) region. In acidic media, the optimized 0.1RGO-CuS needed an overpotential of 179 mV (at 10 mA cm−2) to trigger the hydrogen evolution reaction under NIR light. And the lowest Tafel slope of 0.1RGO-CuS (61 mV dec−1), suggesting that the photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution was performed under the Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism. The 0.1RGO-CuS displayed a good durability after 5000 cycles in acid. According to the results of EIS measurement, both NIR irradiation and RGO modification could effectively lower charge transfer resistance and improve charge transport rate of the photoelectrochemical process. The introduction of RGO could improve the electron and hole separation ability of the photoelectrochemical process, which resulted in an enhanced photoelectrocatalytic HER performance.

Fabrication of pebble stone-like PbMoO4 nanostructure: Focus on photocatalysis, photoluminescence and electron density distribution analysis

In this work, the PbMoO4 nanocatalyst is synthesized by the hydrothermal way. The as-prepared PbMoO4 nanomaterial was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), photoluminescence (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy techniques (TEM). The scanning Electron Microscope result indicates the pebble stone morphology structure of PbMoO4 nanomaterials. The catalytic performance for as-synthesized PbMoO4 nanomaterial was analyzed by the ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation process. More interestingly, the as-prepared PbMoO4 material is having higher catalytic performance compared to the other previous PbMoO4 nanoparticles reports with an efficiency of above 92%. A photodegradation mechanism and the reaction kinetics of PbMoO4 nanomaterial were also investigated. The aforesaid results are strong enough to suggest the PbMoO4 nanomaterial may be an effective catalyst for environmental application. In addition, the electron density distributions studies were carried out for this PbMoO4 nanomaterial to explain the bond length value between the atoms.

Hydrothermal fabrication and characterization of novel CeO2/PbWO4 nanocomposite for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance

In this revision, a series of novel visible-light-driven (VLD) CeO2/PbWO4 nanocomposites (NCs) were effectively fabricated by facile hydrothermal preparation way. The UV–Vis absorption spectra exposed that CeO2 NPs prolonged the adsorption edge of the CeO2/PbWO4 composite to the extensive visible region, which allied to decreases of the bandgap. As-prepared CeO2/PbWO4 NCs revealed superior photocatalytic action under visible-light and could degrade the Methylene Blue (MB) dye solution in 140 min. The photodegradation efficacy of CeO2/PbWO4 NCs was improved catalytic activity, which is around 1.45 and 2.7 times that of CeO2 and PbWO4 nanoparticles (NPs) individually. Besides, the CeO2/PbWO4 catalysts display notable stability and reusability performance in four succeeding cycles. The development in the photocatalytic enactment of combined CeO2/PbWO4 nanocomposite could be recognized not only to the sturdy visible-light absorption responses and separating the photoexcited electron–hole pairs. Also, the plausibly systematic illumination of charge transference and exploitation of reactive species for superior photocatalytic action in visible-light have been discussed. It is projected that the CeO2/PbWO4 NCs could be used as effective photocatalysts for promising applications for environmental wastewater refinement.