Operation Of Hydropower Plants Research Articles

Monitoring Dewatering Fish Spawning Sites in the Reservoir of a Large Hydropower Plant in a Lowland Country Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

This paper presents research concerning dewatered areas in the littoral zones of the Kaunas hydropower plant (HPP) reservoir in Lithuania. It is a multipurpose reservoir that is primarily used by two large hydropower plants for power generation. As a result of the peaking operation regime of the Kaunas HPP, the large quantity of water that is subtracted and released into the reservoir by the Kruonis pumped storage hydropower plant (PSP), and the reservoir morphology, i.e., the shallow, gently sloping littoral zone, significant dewatered areas can appear during drawdown operations. This is especially dangerous during the fish spawning period. Therefore, reservoir operation rules are in force that limit the operation of HPPs and secure other reservoir stakeholder needs. There is a lack of knowledge concerning fish spawning locations, how they change, and what areas are dewatered at different stages of HPP operation. This knowledge is crucial for decision-making and efficient reservoir storage management in order to simultaneously increase power generation and protect the environment. Current assessments of the spawning sites are mostly based on studies that were carried out in the 1990s. Surveying fish spawning sites is typically a difficult task that is usually carried out by performing manual bathymetric measurements due to the limitations of sonar in such conditions. A detailed survey of a small (approximately 5 ha) area containing several potential spawning sites was carried out using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) equipped with multispectral and conventional RGB cameras. The captured images were processed using photogrammetry and analyzed using various techniques, including machine learning. In order to highlight water and track changes, various indices were calculated and assessed, such as the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI), and Normalized Green-Red Difference Index (NGRDI). High-resolution multispectral images were used to analyze the spectral footprint of aquatic macrophytes, and the possibility of using the results of this study to identify and map potential spawning sites over the entire reservoir (approximately 63.5 km2) was evaluated. The aim of the study was to investigate and implement modern surveying techniques to improve usage of reservoir storage during hydropower plant drawdown operations. The experimental results show that thresholding of the NGRDI and supervised classification of the NDWI were the best-performing methods for the shoreline detection in the fish spawning sites.

Mitigation of environmental effects of frequent flow ramping scenarios in a regulated river

In the transition to a society based on renewable energy, flexibility is important in balancing the energy supply as more intermittent sources like wind and solar are included in the energy mix. The storage-based hydropower systems are a renewable energy source that provides the needed flexibility since a hydropower plant can be started and stopped in minutes, and the reservoirs provide stored energy that can be utilized when the demand arises. Thereby, the hydropower plants can balance the variability in other energy sources, e.g., when there is no wind or when solar input is low. This need for increased flexibility has led research toward new hydropower turbines to provide larger ramping rates, more frequent starts and stops, and other system services. A possible drawback of the ramping operation of hydropower plants (often termed “hydropeaking”) are the adverse effects on the environment in receiving water bodies downstream of the power plant outlet, particularly when the hydropower outlets are in rivers. Rapid changes in flow can lead to stranding of fish and other biota during the shutdown of turbines and flushing of biota during the start of turbines. These effects can also be caused by other sudden episodes of water withdrawal, such as during accidental turbine shutdowns. The main objective of this study is to describe a method of designing the necessary volume of water required to mitigate a fast ramping turbine, and present the effect this has on the downstream river reach. We used a 2D hydraulic model to find the areas affected by hydropeaking operation and, furthermore, to define areas with a faster ramping rate than 13 cm/h which is used as a limit in Norwegian guidelines. Based on this, we developed a ramping regime that would prevent fast dewatering of critical areas and provide this as a basis for mitigating the effects of fast dewatering in the downstream river (River Nidelva in Norway was used as a test case). Furthermore, the effect of increasing the frequency of start–stop cycles was studied, and the proposed mitigation was evaluated for the new operational regime.

Surveying Dewatered Areas in the Fish Spawning Sites during Short-Term Drawdown Operations: Case Study of a Large Hydropower Plant Reservoir in the Lowland Area, Lithuania

This paper presents research on the dewatering areas during drawdown operations in the Kaunas Hydropower Plant (HPP) reservoir situated in the lowland area of Lithuania. It is a multipurpose reservoir primarily used for power generation by two large hydropower plants. Because of the HPP peaking operation and the reservoir morphology—a shallow, gently sloping littoral zone—significant dewatered areas can occur (during drawdown operations). This is especially dangerous during the fish spawning period. Therefore, reservoir operation rules are in force that limit operation of the HPPs and secure other reservoir stakeholder needs. There is a lack of knowledge about the fish spawning locations, how they are changing, and what areas are dewatered at different stages of HPP operation. This knowledge is crucial for decision making and efficient water resources management in order to increase power generation and protect the environment at the same time. A detailed survey of an area containing several potential spawning grounds (about 5 ha) was conducted to track changes in the dewatering areas. The aim of the study is to investigate different surveying methods, gather knowledge about potential fish spawning sites, and investigate the dewatered areas that occur during water level (WL) fluctuations. The methodology and insights of this study can be used in similar lowland countries to assist in improving the usage of water resources while increasing power generation.

Heterogeneous spatiotemporal streamflow response to large-scale climate indexes in the Eastern Alps

Analyzing temporal and spatial variability of river discharge and the impacts of large-scale climate oscillations on hydrological systems are of particular interest in Alpine catchments, which have been proved to be especially sensitive to climatic drivers. The impact of climate oscillation indexes may show a delayed response and therefore the correlation between climatic drivers and streamflow is challenging to be properly identified. For this purpose, wavelet transform (WT) is recognized as a suitable tool able to determine the crucial scales of variability. In this work, first we explore the periodicities and the coherence among several climatic indexes: North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO), Mediterranean Oscillation Index (MO), Greenland Blocking Index (GB), and Artic Oscillation Index (AO). This analysis shows the complementary information that different oscillation indexes provide and the need to consider their impacts on streamflow simultaneously. Previous work revealed a heterogeneous and complex response of the Inn river basin at long temporal scales, which could not be linked to analyzed anthropogenic impacts such as dams’ construction and hydropower plants operation. Therefore, the trigger of changes in streamflow variability remained unclear. In this study, we elaborate a classification based on all considered indexes’ coherence with fifty gauging stations of the Inn river catchment. We quantify similarity among stations with a focus on yearly and longer temporal scales. The results highlight the heterogeneous response of the streamflow towards changes in climatic indexes and give an overview of the possible drivers of detected long-term alterations. NAO and GB extreme phases are connected with cold winters and hot summers. We observe that from the 1980s changes detected in the streamflow behavior at yearly and longer temporal scales are in line with emerging patterns of the climatic indexes, such as the shift from constant to intermittent periodicities of the MO index. AO coherence displays a higher complexity able to capture singular hydrologic behaviors (i.e., particular hydrological regime only detected for one gauging station, often connected to high altitude small basins). From the cluster analysis we can also derive how mean catchment elevation and geographical location can contribute to the explanation of the influence and teleconnection to the oscillation indexes, while glacierized area is not identified as a dominant characteristic. Thus, this research contributes to a better understanding of streamflow variability over the Eastern Alps, and the role of teleconnection patterns on this variability. These relationships can be also used to improve hydrological forecasting and water resources management in the Alpine region.

Energy storage integration with run of river power plants to mitigate operational environmental constraints: Case study of Sweden

Increasing environmental restrictions, create stringent regulations for the use and management of rivers and water bodies, thereby jeopardizing the operational flexibility of hydropower plants. The national plan for new environmental regulations in Sweden is expected to be implemented in 2025. Hence, it is imperative for the hydropower producers to consider alternatives which can overcome the environmental restrictions for providing flexibility. In this paper, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) based algorithm for the short-term regulation of hydropower plants with energy storage is proposed. There are two stages of the algorithm: Future electricity market prices model using machine learning techniques, and the combined hydropower plant and battery system (CHBS)’s operation model using MILP. The designed algorithm is used to analyze the techno-economic feasibility of the operation of three hydropower plants Skattungbyn, Unnån and Hansjö, located in lower Oreälven river in Sweden. Three different electricity market scenarios were developed based on Swedish nuclear energy targets for 2040. The forecasted market prices act as inputs for the designed optimization algorithm. The algorithm optimizes the operation of hydropower plants with an objective to maximize revenue through harnessing flexibility enabled by storage. It is observed from the results that with the current battery costs (≈0.36 million €/MWh), the CHBS for short-term regulation is not profitable with NPV ranging from −1 to −4 million € and the cost of battery needs to be less than 50 000 €/MWh to make it economically feasible.

Optimization tool for small hydropower plant resource planning and development: A case study

The dimensions and significance of the modern power systems prove the necessity to change the principles of energy generation and power supply planning and management. In order to decrease carbon dioxide emissions, fight climate change, not being attached to fuel resources, and increase energy security while decreasing dependence on foreign countries, governments of many countries are increasing the share of renewable energy in electricity production and have taken actions to exploit their domestic resources, which is why renewable energy is an essential and important issue in today‘s world and also in the future it may continue to play a globally essential role. The study addresses model applications, optimization techniques, and operational issues. The main goal was devoted to the problem of small-scale hydropower plant control regime optimization. The task of determining small hydropower plant operation conditions is solved by striving for maximum profit by looking at the cases of known variations of prices in the market environment. An optimization tool known as the Quasi-Newton method for nonlinear optimization tasks is used to plan energy generation under uncertainties. The opportunity to apply the Monte-Carlo method for the feasibility study is demonstrated

The Status Quo and Future of Hydropower in Slovenia

Slovenia is a Central European country with a long history of hydropower. This paper gives a brief introduction to the current status of hydropower utilization and informs about some selected successful examples of hydropower plant operation. One such example is fish passage and flood risk reduction on the lower reaches of the Sava River at the Brežice hydroelectric power plant, taking into account a complex of morphological, hydrological, hydraulic, and anthropogenic factors. Future development is considered against the background of the National Energy and Climate Plan, which does not envisage any significant expansion in the capacity or function of the hydropower sector. The envisaged capacity increase is from the current 4430 GWh to around 4580 GWh by 2030. It is shown that the current energy storage capacity of Slovenia’s only pumped storage plant will be sufficient to offset the introduction of new non-dispatchable renewable energy sources by 2030. By around 2028, the country will have a need for electrical energy storage from renewable energy sources, reaching a modest total of only 6140 MWh per year. However, by sticking to the unambitious National Energy and Climate Plan, Slovenia will miss the opportunity to remain self-sufficient in electricity generation and significantly increase its share of renewable energy sources. The National Energy and Climate Plan aims to increase the share of renewable energy in total energy generation from 25% in 2020 to 27% by 2030.

Economic analysis of operation and maintenance costs of hydropower plants

The world is experiencing deep climate changes caused by increased population and rapid urbanization. Hydropower is one of the renewable energy sources that can be used to meet energy demands, but most of the hydropower plants suffer from silt erosion and cavitation problems. Therefore, it is important to decide which parts to be repair or replace, as it affects the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) costs. Presently O&M costs are speculated based on the previous years O&M costs data. Various studies are available for forecasting O&M costs, but they are plant specific. This paper deals with the assessment of the O&M costs of hydropower plants, considering the parameters and conditions involved in the O&M costs of hydropower plants. The correlations are developed to predict the O&M costs of hydropower plants and found that the developed correlation models can predict the O&M costs with an accuracy having an R2-value of 0.89, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 3.53% and Root Mean Square Percentage Error (RMSPE) of 4.45% for Francis turbine-based hydropower plants, and with an R2-value of 0.97, having a MAPE of 0.17% at 1.30% RMSPE for Kaplan turbine-based hydropower plants. This study may be useful for developers, plant operators, and researchers.

Corrosion fatigue investigations on cast, forged and welded nickel-martensitic steels for hydro turbines

Facing an increased demand for flexible operation of hydro power plants (HPPs), Francis runners are substantially subjected to operating conditions beyond the traditional operating ranges. In order to ensure a reliable service of major HPP components covering their complete service life, a fundamental understanding of both load and material fatigue behavior is essential. Due to the cyclic loading in water, reliable corrosion fatigue data is required for the runner fatigue assessments. In previous publications, a state-of-the-art corrosion fatigue testing campaign within a collaborative German research project was described and results for a common cast steel used for the manufacturing of hydro runners were presented. The material testing program for the 13 % Chromium and 4 % Nickel steel has advanced since then and important aspects beyond varying water qualities and different stress ratios have been investigated. Within this conference contribution, corrosion fatigue investigations that were carried out on cast, forged and welded nickel-martensitic steels are described and recently gained results are presented.

Improved Neural Network Algorithm Based Flow Characteristic Curve Fitting for Hydraulic Turbines

One of the most important characteristic curves in the economic operation of hydropower plants is the turbine flow characteristic curve, which illustrates the law of fluctuation between the characteristic parameters of the turbine under various operating situations. This article proposes an IPSO-LSTM-based refinement method for fitting the turbine flow characteristic curve using deep learning methods, and verifies the effectiveness of the method by comparison to solve the problem that traditional mathematical fitting methods are difficult to meet the requirements of today’s many complex working conditions. Firstly, a deep LSTM network model is established based on the input and output quantities, and then the IPSO method is used to find the optimum number of neurons, the learning rate and the maximum number of iterations of the LSTM units in the network model and other key parameters to determine the relevant training parameters. The results show that the model can effectively improve the accuracy of fitting and predicting the turbine flow characteristics, which is of great significance to the study of the economic operation of hydropower plants and the non-linear characteristics of the turbine.

Forrest Holly’s last hydraulics project

ABSTRACT Forrest Merton Holly Jr dealt extensively with numerical modelling of unsteady flows and dispersion processes associated with the operation of hydropower and thermal power plants, and often with alluvial sediment transport by rivers. His expertise, energy, and genial personality led him to become President of the International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research (IAHR) during 2000–2003. Holly’s last hydraulics project engaged his expertise and was done with the friendly aplomb for which he was well known. This forum paper portrays Holly engaged in his last project, which involved the practical application of numerical modelling of unsteady flow to and through a navigation dam.

First steps in the ecological flow determining for Latvian rivers

Abstract This study analyses the impact of small hydropower plants (HPP) on fish in three Latvian transboundary river basin districts. The MesoHABSIM habitat simulation model was applied to seven Latvian lowland rivers regulated by HPP, four of which belong to the salmonid river type and three to the cyprinid type. Daily stream flow time series for 1961–2018 were used for flow regime calculations in reference (unimpacted) and altered (impacted by HPP operation) flow conditions. Conditional habitat suitability model/criteria for fish were used to assess a potentially available habitat at different flow conditions. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) for salmonid rivers and chub (Squalius cephalus) for cyprinid rivers were selected as case examples to show habitat suitability for different stream types. The authors found significant differences in habitat availability for salmonid and cyprinid rivers, indicating that ecological flows must be calculated separately for fast- and slow-flowing rivers. This study is the first attempt in Latvia to set ecological flow values not only using hydrological calculations but also biological data as an indicator of ecological changes.

Enhanced stability and failure avoidance of hydropower plant in contingent island operation by model predictive frequency control

The challenges of contingent island operation of hydropower plants are addressed by proposing an enhanced frequency control with advanced control algorithms. The study is based on a real power plant and considers the relevant power system in its entirety along with the load and transmission lines. Integrated transfer functions between the guide vane opening of a hydro turbine and the frequency of the associated generator were determined by in-situ identification. A model predictive controller, a fractional order PID controller, and a PID controller utilizing integral absolute error and integral time absolute error criteria were designed and developed. The performance of the proposed algorithms with the identified plant model was tested on a NI-cRIO 9049 FPGA platform. Improved frequency control in terms of setpoint change was achieved with the MPC and FOPID controllers. The MPC controller also features betters disturbance rejection compared to conventional PID controllers, which are tuned according to integral error criteria. The considered algorithms have been simulated in different operating scenarios, such as variations of active power load and transmission length. The proposed approach enhances stability and consequently avoids operational failures of hydropower plants in contingent islanding mode.

Capacity optimization of pumped storage hydropower and its impact on an integrated conventional hydropower plant operation

The energy sector contributes to around 60% of total greenhouse gas emissions. To limit climate change, the world is going through an energy transition to clean and affordable energy, therefore the share of variable renewable energy is increasing day by day. Power systems require significant flexibility to operate reliably. Pumped storage hydropower allows load balancing and stable integration of intermittent renewable energy in the electrical grid. All energy storage technologies, including pumped storage hydropower, are considered a net negative contributor to the grid since they draw more energy than they deliver. This paper uniquely investigates the true potential of pumped storage hydropower and its optimum operation along with existing conventional hydropower. It considers power, energy production, and utilization for both installations to determine an equilibrium condition for a net positive energy balance. The case study of the 300 MW Balakot conventional hydropower plant in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan indicates that the pumped storage hydropower sites, where additional water streams reach the upper storage reservoir, can reduce pumping energy consumption by up to 166 GWh/year. Accordingly, a pumped storage hydropower facility is proposed at Paras, Pakistan, modeled, and optimized in an integrated manner with the Balakot conventional hydropower plant for a net positive annual energy generation and profitability. The integrated power and energy modeling and capacity optimization of the hydropower complex highlight the importance of suitable site selection for pumped storage hydropower near existing conventional hydropower reservoirs. Value-added contribution of this configuration is that it can enhance annual energy generation from integrated conventional hydropower, reduce the upfront capital cost of the project by 10–15%, squeeze the project implementation schedule and result in a smaller carbon footprint to meet the ultimate objective of limiting climate change. Additionally, it unlocks huge untapped pumped storage hydropower potential besides existing conventional hydropower. Furthermore, the study guides the scientific and engineering organizations on optimum capacity utilization without impeding energy generation from conventional hydropower facilities.

Improved transfer function method for flexible simulation of hydraulic-mechanical-electrical transient processes of hydro-power plants

The hydraulic-mechanical-electrical coupling dynamics of hydropower plants during transient processes is a key issue in engineering practice. Numerical simulation of transient process could provide support for practical operation of hydropower plants and avoid dangerous working conditions, indirectly increasing the unit operation time and improving economic benefits. Numerous previous studies used the transfer function method (TFM) for modelling and simulation of hydropower plants, but many previous models are oversimplified and cannot simulate some complicated transient processes. To solve this problem, a nonlinear and flexible model of hydropower plant is developed on Simulink in this work. TFM is adopted to model the waterway system with complicated hydraulic components, and an improved scheme of TFM is recommended. Quantitative comparison of time-domain and frequency-domain simulations demonstrates the accuracy of the improved TFM in simulating the water hammer in the waterway system. Besides, the improved TFM is applied to combine with complicated electrical modules on Simulink, simulating hydraulic-mechanical-electrical coupling dynamics under hydraulic disturbance and three-phase fault. In conclusion, the method developed in this paper has advantages of accuracy, flexibility, and expansibility, enabling deeper understanding and refined simulation for transient processes of hydropower plants. The hydraulic-mechanical-electrical coupling model can be used to simulate a variety of working conditions in engineering practice and support future research on the dynamic characteristics of hydropower plants.

Ecological multi-objective joint optimized scheduling of cascade hydropower plants based on improved marine predators algorithm

The joint operation of large cascade hydropower plants changes the natural hydrological regime of the river, thereby reducing the stability of the basin ecosystem. To coordinate the power generation of cascade hydropower plants' demand and ecological environment demand, this paper establishes an ecological multi-objective optimized scheduling model (EMOOSM) for cascade hydropower plants, aiming at the maximum power generation of cascade hydropower plants and the minimum inappropriate ecological water volume. To solve the complex EMOOSM, a marine predators algorithm was introduced, which was improved and extended to the multi-objective solution level. Multi-objective improved marine predators algorithm (MOIMPA) based on Cauchy variation preserves non-dominated solutions by adding an external archive set and maintaining them with a crowdedness-based fast sorting strategy. The optimal dispatching results of a cascade hydropower plant in China's Pearl River system show that MOIMPA can effectively deal with conflicting power generation and ecological goals. The recommended scheme determined according to the fuzzy set theory and the principle of maximum satisfaction can adapt to the change law of ecological demand and reasonably adjust the inappropriate ecological water volume in the stage according to the different ecological sensitivity in the dispatching period. The recommended scheme in the normal year reduces the inappropriate ecological water volume caused by the operation of the cascade reservoir by 1.7156 × 105 m3 at the expense of only 1.12% of the power generation, effectively balancing the power generation and ecological benefits of the cascade hydropower plant operation. Compared with the results of other algorithms, the Pareto solution set obtained by MOIMPA has a better diversity metric (DM) indicator, maximum spread (MS) indicator, and hypervolume (HV) indicator. The research results provide a theoretical basis and reference for the ecological operation research of cascade hydropower plants.

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of a Kaplan Prototype Turbine Operating on a Cam Curve

The role of hydropower has become increasingly essential following the introduction of intermittent renewable energies. Quickly regulating power is needed, and the transient operations of hydropower plants have consequently become more frequent. Large pressure fluctuations occur during transient operations, leading to the premature fatigue and wear of hydraulic turbines. Investigations of the transient flow phenomena developed in small-scale turbine models are useful and accessible but limited. On the other hand, experimental and numerical studies of full-scale large turbines are challenging due to production losses, large scales, high Reynolds numbers, and computational demands. In the present work, the operation of a 10 MW Kaplan prototype turbine was modelled for two operating points on a propeller curve corresponding to the best efficiency point and part-load conditions. First, an analysis of the possible means of reducing the model complexity is presented. The influence of the boundary conditions, runner blade clearance, blade geometry and mesh size on the numerical results is discussed. Secondly, the results of the numerical simulations are presented and compared to experimental measurements performed on the prototype in order to validate the numerical model. The mean torque and pressure values were reasonably predicted at both operating points with the simplified model. An analysis of the pressure fluctuations at part load demonstrated that the numerical simulation captured the rotating vortex rope developed in the draft tube. The frequencies of the rotating and plunging components of the rotating vortex were accurately captured, but the amplitudes were underestimated compared to the experimental data.

Technical-economic Aspects of Construction of sSmall Hydro Power Plants in the Energy Market Environment

As a result global trends in the energy market environment and of the political and regulatory decisions of the European Union, which put great emphasis on renewable energy sources and decentralized energy production, there is division of the traditional energy value chain into a increasing number of market segments. In these newly established market segments opportunities are created for new specialized players, which leads to competition in all phases of the value chain. Small hydropower plant also represent an essential renewable energy source. This article elaborate technical economics aspects of construction and operation of small hydropower plants in energy market environment. In this context, a concrete example is given of the mission and vision of the construction and operation of a small hydro power plants in energy market environment.

Assessment of Hydro cyclone Separator for Sediment Laden Hydropower Plants

Sediment management is particularly essential for run-of-river hydroelectric facilities and initiatives such as upstream sediment traps or watershed management can lower sediment yield downstream. It can prevent early failure of turbine runners and associated equipment at facilities which otherwise would cause significant problems in operation and sustainability of hydropower plants. The yearly operational and maintenance costs are typically represented as a percentage of the annual capital outlay per kW, with prominent figures ranging from 1 to 4 percent. Amongst many methods, hydro cyclone separators like a pre-filtering system can be implemented to reduce the inflow of sediment partially or completely. This paper focuses on the analytical design of hydrocyclone for hydro power plants. The theoretical calculations on the size, efficiency and number of hydrocyclones required for hydropower plants, on the basis of their operational parameters, have been presented in this paper. The basic parameter for the design of hydrocyclone is its cut size which influences all of its geometrical and operational variables. The analysis for hydrocyclones, ranging from 30 to 100 inches in diameter, has been conducted at pressure drops from 4 psi to 8 psi. The cut sizes and its underflow efficiency for afore mentioned sizes of hydrocyclones has also been calculated. A case design for Jhimrukh hydropower plant has been presented, on size and number of hydrocyclones required for the plant, to put purpose of this study into perspective.

Vibration trend measurement of hydropower generating unit based on KELM optimized with HSMAHHO algorithm and error correction

As the core equipment of hydropower plants, the healthy condition of hydropower generating unit (HGU) plays a vital role in the safe and stable operation of hydropower plants. Therefore, it is of great significance to measure the vibration trend of HGU, which can effectively reflect the health condition of HGU, allowing the development of appropriate countermeasures to improve the safety and stability operation of HGU. Given this, a hybrid approach for measuring vibration signals of HGU coupled with complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), phase space reconstruction (PSR), kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) optimized by hybrid slime mold algorithm and Harris hawks optimization (HSMAHHO), and error correction with gate recurrent unit (GRU) network is proposed in this paper. Specifically, CEEMDAN is initially applied to decompose the raw vibration signals into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Subsequently, PSR is adopted to convert each IMF into the input–output matrix of KELM for prediction. Meanwhile, HSMAHHO algorithm is utilized to optimize the critical parameters within KELM. Afterward, the predicted values of each IMF are superposed to obtain the predicted values of the raw vibration signals, and the error sequence to be corrected is constructed. Eventually, the error sequence is predicted by combining CEEMDAN, PSR, GRU and then summed up with the previous predicted values to get the final measuring result. In addition, the feasibility of the proposed hybrid approach is further verified by the experimental comparative analysis with seven comparative models. The experimental results demonstrate that (1) the proposed HSMAHHO algorithm could better optimize the internal parameters of KELM, which effectively improves the measuring results (2) the proposed error correction strategy could effectively enhance the measuring accuracy.