Hydrophilic Catheters Research Articles

Fabrication of hydrophilic medical catheter with hydrogel grafting and the in vivo evaluation of its histo-compatibility

The biocompatible hydrogel was fabricated under suitable conditions with natural dextran and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the reaction materials. The oligomer (Dex-AI) was firstly synthesized with dextran and allylisocyanate (AI). This Dex-AI was then reacted with poly (ethyleneglycoldiacrylate) (PEGDA) under the mass ratio of 4∶6 to get hydrogel (DP) with the maximum water absorption of 810%. This hydrogel was grafted onto the surface of medical catheter via diphenyl ketone treatment under ultraviolet (UV) initiator. The surface contact angle became lower from (97 ± 6.1)° to (25 ± 4.2)° after the catheter surface was grafted with hydrogel DP, which suggests that the catheter possesses super hydrophilicity with hydrogel grafting. The in vivo evaluation after they were implanted into ICR rats subcutaneously verified that this catheter had less serious inflammation and possessed better histocompatibility comparing with the untreated medical catheter. Therefore, it could be concluded that hydrogel grafting is a good technology for patients to reduce inflammation due to catheter implantation, esp. for the case of retention in body for a relative long time.

CT-Guided Percutaneous Gastrostomy without Preliminary Placement of a Nasogastric Tube

Percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy (PRG) requires preliminary gastric inflation through a nasogastric tube (NGT) to safely perform gastric puncture. However, in case of pharyngeal or esophageal obstruction, NGT placement may be impossible even with a hydrophilic angiography catheter and wire. This brief report describes percutaneous computed tomography (CT)–guided gastrostomy with a 2-stick approach without nasogastric insufflation in 13 patients. Technical success rate was 100% with a mean of 1.8 punctures ± 1.0 to access the gastric lumen. Traversal of the colon and liver with a 22-gauge needle was necessary in 4 and 1 patients, respectively. There were no major complications. Minor complications occurred in 6 patients (46%). CT-guided percutaneous gastrostomy is technically feasible with minimal morbidity.

ONLINE HEALTH FORUM AS A SUPPORT FOR PEOPLE WHO PERFORM INTERMITTENT VESICAL CATHETERIZATION

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the use of an online forum for people with myelomeningocele and their families and the profile of the users, based on intermittent catheterization. Method: a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study. Data was collected from users of the online forum, based on an online questionnaire available from March 20 to April 20, 2015. Sample consisted of 30 users. Descriptive statistical data analyses and chi-square test were performed. Results: among users, 27% were people with myelomeningocele and 73% were family members. Age, considering the total sample, ranged from 22 to 58 years old. Women represented 67% of the sample. Most users considered the language used in the forum understandable, and also thought the forum had a proper layout and was easy to navigate. It was noted that the mother and the person with myelomeningocele are the main responsible people for intermittent catheterization; 86% use a simple plastic catheter and 14% use a hydrophilic catheter; 81% do not reuse the catheter, 10% use the same catheter for one day and 9% for up to one week. The main place chosen to perform intermittent catheterization was the bed, followed by the toilet and wheelchairs. Conclusion: the use of the online forum was well evaluated by the users. It can be considered a means to obtain information, create a support network and clarify any doubts, empowering users and contributing to adherence to intermittent catheterization, which is one of the treatments for neurogenic bladder.

Development of prototype and phantom study of a new portable automatic urinary catheterization device

Neurogenic bladder dysfunction is one of the most important sequelae after spinal cord injury, stroke or multiple sclerosis Intermittent catheterization (IC) is an effective bladder management strategy for incomplete bladder emptying However, the patients with impaired hand function are difficult to perform self IC and dependent to caregivers Thus, we developed a new small-sized portable device for self catheterization. The new device is composed of two parts; disposable part and operating part The disposable part would be consist of a penis cap which would contact with glens of penis and contain lubricational system, and a sterilized catheter The operating part would include a gear and motor which would advance the catheter, and a rechargeable battery. The penis cap of disposable part would be docked with operating part Then the operating part would advance the catheter into the penis cap and orifice of the penis This system would be composed of sponge containing distilled water As the pre-lubricated hydrophilic catheter used in this system would contact with the sponge, the catheter could be lubricated and glide smoothly into the penis. In a dummy model phantom study, the catheter was lubricated well and inserted smoothly into the bladder without any complications We filed a patent for a new device lubrication system. We confirmed a possibility of the newly developed portable automatic urinary catheterization device that could assist performing the IC Even a patient with impaired fine motor ability in upper extremity or a caregiver might perform the IC easily using this device.

Systematic review and practice policy statements on urinary tract infection prevention in adults with spina bifida.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a source of morbidity and healthcare costs in adults with spina bifida (ASB). UTI prevention strategies are often recommended, but the evidence of various approaches remains unclear. We performed a systematic review to inform a best practice policy statement for UTI prevention in ASB. On behalf of the Neurogenic Bladder Research Group (NBRG.org), we developed an a priori protocol and searched the published English literature for 30 outcomes questions addressing UTI prevention in ASB. The questions spanned the categories of antibiotics, oral supplements, bladder management factors and social support. Where there was little literature in ASB, we included literature from similar populations with neurogenic bladder (NB). Data was abstracted and then reviewed with recommendations made by consensus of all authors. Level of Evidence (LoE) and Grade of Recommendation (GoR) were according to the Oxford grading system. Of 6,433 articles identified by our search, we included 99 publications. There was sufficient evidence to support use of the following: saline bladder irrigation (LoE 1, GoR B), gentamicin bladder instillation (LoE 3, GoR C), single-use intermittent catheterization (IC) (LoE 2, GoR B), hydrophilic catheters for IC (LoE 2, GoR C), intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA injection (LoE 3, GoR C), hyaluronic acid (HA) instillation (LoE 1, GoR B), and care coordination (LoE 3, GoR C). There was sufficient evidence to recommend against use of the following: sterile IC (LoE 1, GoR B), oral antibiotic prophylaxis (LoE 2, GoR B), treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria (LoE 2, GoR B), cranberry (LoE 2, GoR B), methenamine salts (LoE 1, GoR B), and ascorbic acid (LoE1, GoR B). There was insufficient evidence to make a recommendation for other outcomes. Overall, there are few studies in UTI prevention in the specific population of ASB. Research in populations similar to ASB helps to guide recommendations for UTI prevention in the challenging patient group of ASB. Future studies in UTI prevention specific to ASB are needed and should focus on areas shown to be of benefit in similar populations.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Durability and Anti-Biofilm Effects in Urinary Catheters Against Enterococcus faecalis Clinical Isolates and Reference Strains

Background:Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans biofilms are major causes of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Antimicrobial-coated or impregnated urinary catheters are seen as a possible way to prevent these infections.Aims:To determine the biofilm-forming ability of 89 E. faecalis isolates from urinary tract infections and to compare several urinary catheters for antimicrobial durability and the inhibitory effects on biofilm formation of different laboratory strains and clinical isolates of E. faecalis.Study Design:In vitro experimental study.Methods:The biofilm forming ability of E. faecalis isolates was determined by the crystal violet staining and plate counting methods. For comparison of urinary catheters, biofilms of 45 E. faecalis isolates from the catheter samples of hospitalized patients and five laboratory strains of E. coli ATCC25922, S. epidermidis ATCC35984, P. aeruginosa ATCC27853, E. faecalis ATCC29212 and C. albicans ATCC90028 were formed on the catheters in 24-well tissue culture plates. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed to observe biofilms.Results:All 89 E. faecalis isolates were found to be biofilm positive. Nitrofurazone-impregnated catheters significantly reduced the cell counts of E. faecalis isolates and completely inhibited the formation of P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis biofilms compared with the others. Regarding reduction of biofilm cell counts, a hydrophilic-coated catheter was more effective against P. aeruginosa, whereas a silver-coated catheter was found to be more effective against S. epidermidis. The nitrofurazone-impregnated catheter had the best antimicrobial durability.Conclusion:Urine isolates of E. faecalis had considerable ability with respect to biofilm formation. The nitrofurazone-impregnated catheter was the most effective against all tested bacteria; however, the effect of a hydrophilic or silver-coated catheter depends on the species present in it.

Results of a prospective randomized control trial comparing hydrophilic to uncoated catheters in children with neurogenic bladder

Children with neurogenic bladder (NGB) often require a lifetime of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), typically using uncoated catheters (UCs). Hydrophilic catheters (HCs) have lower friction than UCs with reported less damage to the urethra. The purpose of this study is to compare outcomes between these catheters. An investigator-initiated, prospective, randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare HCs versus UCs. Children aged 2-17 years with NGB on CIC were enrolled for 1 year. Block randomization was used. Dexterity scores were obtained in those who perform self-catheterization. Outcomes were UTI, difficulty passing the catheter, urethral injury, and patient satisfaction. Demographic data is presented in the Table. Seventy-eight patients were enrolled. Age and gender were similar between the groups. Fifteen patients in each group performed CIC via an abdominal wall stoma. Eight and 15 patients withdrew from the UC and HC groups, respectively. The HC group overall had more problems with the catheter, mainly difficulty with handling. There were no differences for passing the catheter, pain, hematuria, or urethral injuries. There were two urinary tract infections (UTIs) in two HC patients and 17 UTIs in seven UC patients (p=0.003). Patients with UTIs in the HC group went from 16% in the previous year to 5% during the study. Three children in the HC group had three or more UTIs in the year before enrollment and none during the study. The patients that completed the study with HC were overall satisfied and many requested to continue with theHC. HCs may decrease the risk of UTI in children withNGB. Urethral complications were low in bothgroups. Most HC patients were pleased butsomefound the slippery coating difficult to handle.

Intermittent catheterisation with hydrophilic and non-hydrophilic urinary catheters: systematic literature review and meta-analyses

BackgroundIntermittent catheterisation is the method of choice for the management of bladder dysfunctions. Different urinary catheters are available, but there is conflicting evidence on which type of catheter is best. The present study provides an objective evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of different subsets of urinary catheters.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed for published RCTs regarding hydrophilic coated and PVC (standard) catheters for intermittent catheterisation. Separate meta-analyses were conducted to combine data on frequencies of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and haematuria. Two separate analyses were performed, including or excluding reused standard catheters.ResultsSeven studies were eligible for inclusion in the review. The meta-analyses exploring UTI frequencies showed a lower risk ratio associated with hydrophilic catheters in comparison to standard ones (RR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75–0.94; p = 0.003). Results for the “reuse” scenario were consistent with the ones related to “single-use” scenario in terms of frequency of UTIs. The meta-analyses exploring haematuria were not able to demonstrate any statistically significant difference between hydrophilic catheters in comparison to standard ones.ConclusionsThe findings confirm previously reported benefits of hydrophilic catheters but a broader evaluation that takes into account also patient preferences, compliance of therapy, quality of life and costs would be needed to assess the economic sustainability of these advanced devices.

Healthcare resource consumption for intermittent urinary catheterisation: cost-effectiveness of hydrophilic catheters and budget impact analyses

ObjectivesThis study presents a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing hydrophilic coated to uncoated catheters for patients performing urinary intermittent catheterisation. A national budget impact analysis is also included to evaluate the impact...

PMD23 - Health Economic Evaluation of Hydrophilic Coated Versus Non-Coated Urinary Catheters for Intermittent Use in Japan

Clinical evidence shows efficacy differences between catheters with hydrophilic surface and other non-coated catheters which require gel for lubrication, with reduced complication rates with hydrophilic catheters. Lower treatment costs for complications could compensate for a price difference between hydrophilic and non-coated catheters. The aim of this analysis was to investigate the possible price increase for hydrophilic catheters that would allow for a total cost-saving for the Japanese health care system. A Markov model simulating a population of 40 years old users of intermittent catheterization with costs from a Japanese setting was used for this analysis. During a time-horizon of 1 year, the simulated population was modelled to use either a hydrophilic catheter or a non-coated catheter. The monthly cost for non-coated catheters was 24,000 yen. Included catheter related complications and associated treatment costs per event were urinary tract infection (UTI; 80,719 yen), sepsis (2,643,084 yen), epididymitis (80,719 yen), stricture (238,972 yen) and bladder stones (257,435 yen). Absolute and relative risks for the complications were retrieved from the literature. During the year modelled, the efficacy difference gave fewer events of UTI (1.8 vs 2.2/patient), sepsis (0.07 vs 0.08/patient), epididymitis (0.002 vs 0.020/patient) and strictures (0.002 vs 0.020/patient) with hydrophilic catheters compared to non-coated catheters. The efficacy difference translated into reduced treatment costs for complications of 74,522 yen per patient. This allowed for a 25% increase in monthly catheter costs for hydrophilic catheters compared to non-coated catheters (30,000 yen vs 24,000 yen), without implying increased total health care costs. This analysis suggests that hydrophilic catheters can have a 25% higher price level than the non-coated catheters and still result in cost-savings for the Japanese health care system. At the same time, the patients would benefit from fewer complications.

Comparison of the microbiological milieu of patients randomized to either hydrophilic or conventional PVC catheters for clean intermittent catheterization

Control of bacteriuria is problematic in patients who perform clean intermittent catheterization for management of neurogenic bladder. This population is often burdened with multiple urinary tract infections (UTIs), placing them at increased risk of end-stage renal disease. Hydrophilic catheters are a potential way to improve smooth and clean insertion, reduce disruption of the urothelium, and reduce bacterial colonization. The goal of the study was to compare the type and virulence of microorganisms recovered from the urine of patients that use either a hydrophilic or conventional polyvinyl chloride (PVC) catheter. Fifty patients with an underlying diagnosis of myelomeningocele were recruited for a 12-month prospective, randomized, investigator-blinded study. Twenty-five patients were allocated to the hydrophilic catheter intervention, and 25 continued use of a PVC catheter. Cultures were performed on urine obtained by catheterization at enrollment, and 3, 6, and 12 months. Bacterial species were assigned a designation as either potentially pathogenic or non-pathogenic. Escherichia coli isolates were the most predominant and were serotyped to further stratify the pathogenicity of the strains. Lastly, patients were surveyed at enrollment, and at the two later time points evaluating their current catheter for satisfaction. A total of 232 different bacterial isolates were obtained from the 182 collected urine cultures. In addition, seven species were recovered from the two UTI reported during the study period. Bacterial growth was not detected in 29 of the samples (16%). Although not statistically significant, collectively there was a 40% decrease in the average number of potentially pathogenic species recovered from those patients using hydrophilic catheters (0.81 per urine sample) compared with PVC catheter use (1.24 per urine sample). Since E. coli species can be either pathogenic or non-pathogenic, we examined 14 of the most commonly implicated serotypes associated with uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). We identified the serotype of 57% of E. coli strains recovered. There was a trend for the recovery of fewer UPEC serotypes from the hydrophilic group (54% hydrophilic verses 64% PVC), further suggesting that the catheter type may influence the microbiological milieu. Although no significant differences were reported in patient satisfaction, almost half of the patients from the hydrophilic catheter cohort continue use of this type of catheter. There was a trend for reduced recovery of potentially pathogenic bacteria with the use of hydrophilic catheters. The reduction in potentially pathogenic species will reduce antibiotic exposures and some patients may prefer the comfort hydrophilic catheters provide.

A cost-effectiveness analysis of long-term intermittent catheterisation with hydrophilic and uncoated catheters.

Cost-effectiveness analysisObjective:To establish a model to investigate the cost effectiveness for people with spinal cord injury (SCI), from a lifetime perspective, for the usage of two different single-use catheter designs: hydrophilic-coated (HC) and uncoated (UC). The model includes the long-term sequelae of impaired renal function and urinary tract infection (UTI). Analysis based on a UK perspective. A probabilistic Markov decision model was constructed, to compare lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years, taking renal and UTI health states into consideration, as well as other catheter-related events. UTI event rates for the primary data set were based on data from hospital settings to ensure controlled and accurate reporting. A sensitivity analysis was applied to evaluate best- and worst-case scenarios. The model predicts that a 36-year-old SCI patient with chronic urinary retention will live an additional 1.4 years if using HC catheters compared with UC catheters, at an incremental cost of £2100. Moreover, the lifetime number of UTI events will be reduced by 16%. All best- and worst-case estimates were within the UK threshold of being cost effective. The use of HC catheters for intermittent catheterisation in SCI patients is highly cost effective. The outcome is consistent irrespective of whether UTI data are collected in hospital or community settings.

Up-to-date review reporting the technological details of devices used in the management of neurogenic bladder in post spinal cord injury patients

In the past years, a major cause of invalidity and death in post spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with neurogenic bladder (NB) was the renal failure. Since our ability to manage the dysfunction of NB has improved, the morbidity/mortality in these individuals significantly decreased. The aims in NB management are to protect the upper and lower urinary tract and to improve the quality of life (QoL) of these individuals. The insertion and removal of the catheter many times a day, to empty the bladder is called intermittent catheterization and it is considered the „gold standard“ in the NB management. Nowadays, there are available many types of catheters, materials and techniques: non-coated catheters, gel-coated catheters, hydrophilic catheters, glycerine based catheters. The choice of a catheter should be made on an individual analyse, according to gender, age, level of injury, functional status, urethral sensibility, or the circumstances the IC is needed (so, a patient may need a type of catheter at home and another one outside).

Intermittent self-dilatation for urethral stricture disease in males: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Intermittent self-dilatation (ISD) may be recommended to reduce the risk of recurrent urethral stricture. Level one evidence to support the use of this intervention is lacking. Determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of ISD for the management of urethral stricture disease in males. The strategy developed for the Cochrane Incontinence Review Group as a whole (last searched May 7, 2014). Randomised trials where one arm was a programme of ISD for urethral stricture. At least two independent review authors carried out trial assessment, selection, and data abstraction. Data from six trials that were pooled and collectively rated very low quality per the GRADE approach, indicated that recurrent urethral stricture was less likely in men who performed ISD than those who did not (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.48-1.00). Two trials compared programmes of ISD but the data were not combined and neither were sufficiently robust to draw firm conclusions. Three trials compared devices for performing ISD, results from one of which were too uncertain to determine the effects of a low friction hydrophilic catheter versus a polyvinyl chloride catheter on risk of recurrent urethral stricture (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.07 to 1.40); another did not find evidence of a difference between 1% triamcinolone gel for lubricating the ISD catheter versus water-based gel on risk of recurrent urethral stricture (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.32). No trials gave cost-effectiveness or validated PRO data. ISD may decrease the risk of recurrent urethral stricture. A well-designed RCT is required to determine whether that benefit alone is sufficient to make this intervention worthwhile and in whom. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:759-763, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Feasibility and safety of transradial coronary interventions using a 6.5-F sheathless guiding catheter in patients with small radial arteries.

This study investigated the feasibility and the safety of using a 6.5-French sheathless guide catheter in patients with small radial arteries. The small size of radial arteries is a limitation of transradial coronary intervention. A new sheathless guiding catheter with a diameter almost 2-Fr smaller than conventional sheaths and a full-length hydrophilic coating has been introduced. A total of 148 patients from three French hospitals were consecutively enrolled from March 2009 to February 2012. They underwent transradial approach (TRA) for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) using the 6.5-F ASAHI sheathless Eaucath guiding catheter system. Among the 148 patients enrolled, 95 were females (64%), and 183 lesions were treated. Procedural success rate was 100%. Thirteen patients (9%) underwent same-procedure multivessel interventions for the right and left coronary artery. Among the group of 46 patients undergoing bifurcation PCI, 35 (76%) bifurcated lesions were treated with a kissing balloon technique, one patient had a saphenous vein bypass graft lesion requiring filter wire placement prior to intervention, nine (6.1%) patients required rotational atherectomy, thrombus-aspiration catheters were used in 19 (12.8%) patients, fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided PCI in 10 (6.7%) patients, alcohol septal ablation in three (2%) patients. Ten (6.7%) cases of chronic total occlusion were successfully treated in nine (6.1%) patients using the hydrophilic catheter. No radial artery site complications was noted. The use of sheathless guiding catheters is a safe, effective method for PCI via TRA in small radial arteries without catheter-related complications.

Intermittent self-dilatation for urethral stricture disease in males.

Intermittent self-dilatation for urethral stricture disease in males.

Reuse versus single-use catheters for intermittent catheterization: what is safe and preferred? Review of current status.

This is a narrative review summarizing prevalence and background of reusing catheters for intermittent catheterization. It also compares complications related to reuse versus single use. The objective of the review is to highlight the on-going debate regarding whether reuse of catheters is as safe as single-use technique and investigate why reuse is common in some countries (for example, Australia, Canada and the United States). The review is the result of systematic searches in several databases (for example, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL) using predefined key words and search strategy. The literature does not explicitly recommend reuse but instead proposes patient-oriented choice. Even so, the prevalence of reuse is ∼50% in some regions. Both off-label reuse and reuse of catheters intended for multiple use occur. The former is not legally supported. There seems to be no consensus on how many times a catheter can be reused or how to clean it. Poor compliance and efficacy of cleaning techniques have been reported, increasing the risk for introducing bacterial contamination. The literature supports the use of single-use hydrophilic catheters to reduce the risk of urethral trauma and urinary tract infection with a reported incidence of the latter between 40 and 60%, as compared with 70-80% for reuse catheters. Further clinical studies are however needed to verify/reject a difference. Complications associated with reuse need to be further investigated. Although awaiting evidence, it is recommended to use a confirmed safe, patient-preferred, noninfecting and nontraumatic technique for intermittent catheterization.

Sclerosis and varicocele embolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate: experience in 41 patients

Embolization is an established treatment for varicocele. Coils are most frequently used in the procedure. Liquid embolic and sclerosing agents seem to have a number of advantages over coils. To report our experience and explain the technique of using N-2-butyl-cyanoacrylate (N2BCA) in varicocele treatment. From January 2010 to July 2011, 42 gonadal veins in 41 consecutive patients (age range, 11-41 years; mean, 18 years) with a diagnosis of varicocele were treated with N2BCA as an embolic agent. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by Doppler ultrasound in all patients. Institutional review board approval was obtained, and all the patients signed informed consent for this retrospective review. In all cases, a 4-F hydrophilic catheter was used to catheterize the distal portion of the gonadal vein through which N2BCA, emulsified with lipiodol, was injected. The technical success was 100%. No complications or non-targeted embolizations were reported. Seven patients reported moderate post-embolization pain that required oral analgesic treatment for 7-10 days. After 12-month follow-up, all patients exhibited varicocele resolution in the Doppler ultrasound examination as well as relief of all previous symptoms. We have no fertility-related data for patients treated for this condition. N2BCA as an embolic agent is a therapeutic alternative for the endovascular treatment of varicocele. This technique is uncomplicated, inexpensive, efficient, and safe.

O213 Use of a Hydrophilic Sheathless Catheter: A Novel Technique to Overcome Radial Spasm, Perforation and Anatomic Anomalies

O213 Use of a Hydrophilic Sheathless Catheter: A Novel Technique to Overcome Radial Spasm, Perforation and Anatomic Anomalies

Intermittent self-catheterisation and catheter fixation

British Journal of Community NursingVol. 18, No. 7 Clinical UpdateIntermittent self-catheterisation and catheter fixationLinda NazarkoLinda NazarkoSearch for more papers by this authorLinda NazarkoPublished Online:27 Sep 2013https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2013.18.7.322AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View article References Andrews HO, Nauth-Misir R, Shah PJ (1998) Iatrogenic hypospadias: a preventable injury? Spinal Cord 36(3): 177–80 Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarBillington A, Crane C, Jownally S, Kirkwood L, Roodhouse A (2008) Minimizing the complications associated with migrating catheters. Br J Community Nurs 13(11): 502–6 Link, Google ScholarBloom DA, McGuire EJ, Lapides J (1994) A brief history of urethral cath-eterization. J Urol 151(2): 317–25 Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarHanchett M (2002) Techniques for stabilizing urinary catheters: tape may be the oldest method, but it's not the only one. Am J Nurs 102(33): 44–8 Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarLowthian P (1998) The danger of long-term catheter drainage. Br J Nurs 7(7): 366–8, 370, 372 Medline, Google ScholarNaish W (2003) Intermittent self-catheterisation for managing urinary problems. Prof Nurse 18(10): 585–7 Medline, Google ScholarNazarko L (2009) Managing bladder dysfunction using intermittent self catheterisation. Br J Nurs 18(2): 110–14 Link, Google ScholarNazarko L (2012) Intermittent self catheterisation, past, present and future. Br J Community Nurs 17(9): 409–12 Link, Google ScholarNICE (2012a) CG139 Infection: Prevention and Control of Healthcare-associated Infections in Primary and Community Care. National Institute of Clinical Excellence, London Google ScholarNICE (2012b) Urinary Incontinence in Neurological Disease: Management of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Neurological Disease. National Institute of Clinical Excellence, London. Google ScholarPomfret I, Winder A (2007) The management of intermittent catheteriza-tion: assessing patient benefit. Br J Neurosci Nurs 3(6): 266–71 Link, Google ScholarVaidyanathan S, Soni BM, Brown E, Singh G (2005) Erosion of urethra in female patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 43(7): 451 Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarVapnek JM, Maynard PM, Kim J (2003) A prospective randomised trial of LoFric hydrophilic catheter versus conventional plastic catheter for clean intermittent catheterisation. J Urol 169(3): 994–8 Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarWoodward S, Rew M (2003) Patient's quality of life and clean intermittent self-catheterization. Br J Nurs 12(18): 1066–74 Link, Google Scholar FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byForewordSue Woodward8 August 2018 | British Journal of Nursing, Vol. 27, No. Sup15How intermittent self-catheterisation can promote independence, quality of life and wellbeingSharon Holroyd8 August 2018 | British Journal of Nursing, Vol. 27, No. Sup15Managing urinary tract infection in patients performing clean intermittent self-catheterisationSue Woodward27 August 2018 | British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, Vol. 14, No. 4Innovation in catheter securement devices: minimising risk of infection, trauma and painSharon Holroyd12 May 2016 | British Journal of Community Nursing, Vol. 21, No. 5 1 July 2013Volume 18Issue 7ISSN (print): 1462-4753ISSN (online): 2052-2215 Metrics History Published online 27 September 2013 Published in print 1 July 2013 Information© MA Healthcare LimitedPDF download