Hydrolysis Of Fish Oil Research Articles

Lipase‐catalyzed enrichment of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

AbstractLipase hydrolysis was evaluated as a means of selectively enriching long‐chain ω3 fatty acids in fish oil. Several lipases were screened for their ability to enrich total ω‐3 acids or selectively enrich either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The effect of enzyme concentration, degree of hydrolysis, and fatty acid composition of the feed oil was studied. Because the materials that were enriched in long‐chain ω3 acids were either partial glycerides or free fatty acids, enzymatic reesterification of these materials to triglycerides by lipase catalysis was also investigated. Hydrolysis of fish oil by eitherCandida rugosa orGeotrichum candidum lipases resulted in an increase in the content of total ω3 acids from about 30% in the feed oil to 45% in the partial glycerides. The lipase fromC. rugosa was effective in selectively enriching either DHA or EPA, resulting in a change of either the DHA/EPA ratio or the EPA/DHA ratio from approximately 1:1 to 5:1. Nonselective reesterification of free fatty acids or partial glycerides that contained ω3 fatty acids could be achieved at high efficiency (approximately 95% triglycerides in the product) by using immobilizedRhizomucor miehei lipase with continuous removal of water.

Synthesis of DHA-Enriched Triacylglycerol

Penicillium cyclopium lipase is capable of hydrolyzing monoacylglycerol (MG) and diacylglycerol (DG), but not triacylglycerol (TG). The hydrolysis of fish oil and bonito oil with Candida cylindracea lipase followed by free fatty acid (FFA) removal lead to the formation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) -rich DG and TG (acylglycerol mixture ; GMx). GMx was hydrolyzed with Penicillium cyclopium lipase. Fatty acid specificity of Penicillium cyclopium lipase for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).DG in GMx was hydrolyzed completely to give TG containing 51.9 % DHA.FFA obtained by the hydrolysis of GMx with Penicillium cyclopium lipase and DHA rich DG in GMx were allowed to react with immobilized Chromobacterium viscosum lipase to yield TG containing 53.9 % DHA. DHA-rich TG (240 g) were obtained from 1 kg of bonito oil. DHA yield from bonito oil to TG was 51.5 %.

Concentration of docosahexaenoic acid in glyceride by hydrolysis of fish oil withcandida cylindracea lipase

In an attempt to concentrate the content of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) in a glyceride mixture containing triglyceride, diglyceride and monoglyceride, fish oil was hydrolyzed with six kinds of microbial lipase. After the hydrolysis, free fatty acid was removed and fatty acid components of the glyceride mixtures were analyzed. When the hydrolysis withCandida cylindracea lipase was 70% complete, the DHA content in the glyceride mixture was three times more than that in the original fish oil. The EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) content became almost 70% of the original fish oil. Hydrolysis with other lipases did not result in an increase in the DHA content in the glyceride mixtures. Hydrolysis of DHA‐rich tuna oil (DHA content is about 25%) withCandida cylindracea lipase resulted in 53% DHA in the glyceride mixture. The EPA content, however, remained close to that of the original tuna oil. In this report, the acyl chain specificity of lipases is evaluated in terms of hydrolysis resistant value (HRV). HRV is the ratio between the DHA contents in the glyceride mixture of hydrolyzed oil and original oil. HRV clearly indicates differences in hydrolysis between DHA and other fatty acids (e.g., saturated and monoenoic acids).

Selective Hydrolysis of Fish Oil by Bioreactors

Selective Hydrolysis of Fish Oil by Bioreactors

Selective Hydrolysis of Fish Oil by Lipase to Concentrate n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Six lipases were examined for concentrating the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) of two kinds of fish oil (cod liver oil and refined sardine oil). Although all lipases could increase the n-3 PUFA content of the remaining glycerides, Candida cylindracea and Aspergillus niger lipases gave glycerides with a more than two-fold increase in n-3 PUFA content over the original fish oils. Candida cylindracea lipase seems the most promising with respect to recovery of triacylglycerol. Aspergillus niger lipase increased not only the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content but also eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), although the absolute value of the latter was quite low. The effects of temperature (15–40 °C) on the concentration of n-3 PUFA were investigated. Lower temperatures did not improve the concentration of n-3 PUFA, but prevented the development of an unpleasant odor in the product.

Bioreactor for enzymic reaction of fat and fatty acid derivatives. Part XII. Selective hydrolysis of fish oil by lipase to concentrate n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Six lipases were examined for concentrating the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) of two kinds of fish oil (cod liver oil and refined sardine oil). Although all lipases could increase the n-3 PUFA content of the remaining glycerides, Candida cylindracea and Aspergillus niger lipases gave glycerides with a more than two-fold increase in n-3 PUFA content over the original fish oils.Candida cylindracea lipase seems the most promising with respect to recovery of triacylglycerol. Aspergillus niger lipase increased not only the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content but also eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), although the absolute value of the latter was quite low. The effects of temperature (15–40 °C) on the concentration of n-3 PUFA were investigated. Lower temperatures did not improve the concentration of n-3 PUFA, but prevented the development of an unpleasant odor in the product.