由于人类活动、气候变化等影响，全球湿地退化不断加剧，关于湿地恢复的相关研究也越来越多，但缺乏系统的文献梳理，对研究领域的热点演变特征及发展趋势认识不足。基于文献计量学软件CiteSpace.5.5R2及中国知网（CNKI）和Web of Science核心数据库检索的文献数据，对湿地恢复领域的发文量、作者群、发文机构、文献共被引、高频关键词及突现等进行可视化分析。结果表明：（1）国内外关于湿地恢复研究的发文量总体上均呈现增长趋势，2008年之后发文量均显著提升，国内研究较国外晚了近10年，但发展迅速，国际影响力提升较快；（2）国外主要研究机构包括United States Geological Survey、Louisiana State University、University Florida、University Wisconsin等，均为美国机构，形成了以William JM-John WD、Zedler JB、Jos TA Verhoeven-Leon P M Lamers、Jeffrey WM等核心研究团队；国内以中国科学院、北京师范大学、中国林业科学研究院为主，形成了崔保山-白军红、吕宪国-姜明-佟守正-薛振山、杨薇-孙涛、李伟-崔丽娟-张曼胤、欧阳志云-郑华-王效科、张平究等研究团队；国内外湿地恢复研究团队及机构间联系虽较为紧密，但仍待进一步加强；（3）研究期间，湿地恢复领域的发展经历了以水环境治理为目的的初期探索阶段、以系统性和功能性恢复为主的湿地恢复过程与评价研究阶段、应对人类活动与气候变化为主的湿地保护与修复阶段，近十年湿地恢复理论体系不断完善，研究主题更聚焦；（4）国外湿地恢复研究的核心内容包括水文与水环境恢复、植被恢复与植物群落演替、人工湿地对水污染治理、生态系统管理与评价、生物多样性恢复等，不同阶段研究的热点不同，近十年来气候变化对滨海湿地的影响及恢复措施研究是主要的研究热点。国内湿地恢复研究主要内容与国外基本一致，研究者在东北平原、三江源、黄河三角洲等典型区域开展了大量理论与技术探索；近年来气候变化下滨海湿地的退化机制及生态响应也成为国内研究的热点；（5）与国际湿地恢复研究相比，国内湿地恢复研究应从长期湿地恢复过程监测、植物群落演替及调控、水文调控及模型预测、湿地生态系统管理等方面进一步给予更多关注，尽快完善适应我国地理环境特征的湿地恢复研究的理论框架。湿地恢复研究目前仍处于快速发展期，研究广度和深度不断增强，未来长时间内，气候变化和人类活动双重干扰下湿地恢复、保护、过程监测等仍是湿地科学的关注热点。;Wetland, as one of the most important natural ecosystem in the world, performs various ecological funcations including water resource conservation, biodiversity maintenance, climate regulatiion, carbon sink, and food supply. However, as the intensified climate change and rising stress from human activities, global wetlands have been undergoing unprecedented degradation in the past decades, and turned into one of the most seriously threatened ecosystems. Thus, researche on the wetlands restoration receives more and more attention worldwide.In past few decades, despite there were a mass of publications, the research hotspots and development trends of the wetlands restoration are still lack of systematic analysis. In our study, the CiteSpace.5.5R2, a widely used bibliometrics program, was employed to performe a visualized analysis of the published papers on the wetlands restoration based on CNKI and Web of Science databases. We analyzed the number of papers, the author groups, published organizations, co-citation of literatures, high-frenquency keywords and their burst of the wetlands restoration. The results showed that: 1) the annual quantity of domestic and overseas articles about wetlands restoration presented an increasing trend and a markedly phase of development. The starting of the wetlands restoration research in China was ten year behind these in foreign countries, but developed rapidly. And, the international influence of domestic researches has continuously improved. 2) The domestic and overseas researches has formed relatively stable research teams and institutions. The foreign research institutions were dominated by the United States Geological Survey, Louisiana State University, University Florida, University Wisconsin, which are all American. William JM-John WD, Zedler JB, Jos TA Verhoeven-Leon P M Lamers, Jeffrey WM were paramount foreign research teams. Meanwhile, the dominated research institutions in China included the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, and Chinese Academy of Forestry. While the dominated research teams included Cui Baoshan-Bai Junhong, Lv Xianguo-Jiang Ming, Tong Shouzheng-Xue Zhenshan and Li Wei-Cui Lijuan-Zhang Manyin , and so on. 3) There were three key stages of the development of researches on the wetlands restoration. The first was the initial exploratory phase with a view to water environment treatment. The second stage was systematicly functional restoration, which paid much more attention to process evaluation of the wetlands restoration. The current stage was the protection and restoration of wetland esosystems for replying enhanced human activities and climate change. Unitl now, global theoretical system of wetlands restoration has evolved, and the topics of which are more distinct 4) The hot spots of the international wetland restoration research are different in different stages. The core points included hydrology and water environment recovery, vegetation restoration and plant community succession, the constructed wetland treatment of water pollution, biodiversity restoration, ecosystem management and evaluation. In recent ten years, the research topic was the impacts of climate change on coastal wetlands and their ecological response. With the similar research interests to foreign studies, domestic researchers have conducted sophisticated theoretical and technical study on wetlands restoration in the Northeast Plain, the Three-River Headwaters and the Yellow River Delta in China. 5) Compared with the international researches, the domestic research should pay more attention on long-term wetland restoration process monitoring, succession and control of plant community succession, hydrological regulation and model prediction, and ecosystem management. It should complete the theoretical framework for wetlands restoration that adapted to the characteristics of geographical environment in China as soon as possible. At precent, the wetlands restoration is still in a period of rapid development, and its scope and depth are continuously reinforced. In the future, wetland restoration, protection and process monitoring under the dual disturbance of climate change and human activities will remain the focus of wetland science for a long time.
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May 18, 2022
Zehai Gao + 3
Open Access
