Hydrogenation Of Benzaldehyde Research Articles

Simultaneous electrocatalytic hydrogenation of aldehydes and phenol over carbon-supported metals

Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of furfural, benzaldehyde, and phenol was studied on carbon-supported Rh, Ru, Pd, and Cu catalysts. All metals were active for hydrogenation of the carbonyl group in furfural and benzaldehyde, but only Rh/C was active for phenol hydrogenation. The intrinsic activities for furfural and benzaldehyde conversion were Pd/C < Ru/C ≤ Rh/C < Cu/C and Ru/C < Rh/C < Pd/C < Cu/C, respectively. While the trend in furfural hydrogenation remained the same in the presence of phenol, the trend in benzaldehyde hydrogenation in the presence of phenol changed to Rh/C < Ru/C < Pd/C < Cu/C. The Faradaic efficiencies for hydrogenation of both furfural (in the 10–40% range) and benzaldehyde (in the 45–100% range) followed the trend: Cu/C < Rh/C < Ru/C < Pd/C. When phenol and an aldehyde were present in the reactant solution, phenol hydrogenation was suppressed. In contrast, enhancements in the rates of carbonyl reduction were observed for both aldehydes in presence of phenol. Such enhancements depend on both the aldehyde and the metal catalyst. The enhancing factors for hydrogenation of furfural and benzaldehyde were in the 1.5–2 and 2–4 ranges, respectively. We conclude that intermolecular interactions between adsorbed phenol and the aldehydes is a general phenomenon that can potentially enhance the rates of carbonyl hydrogenation. This work highlights co-adsorption effects that pose both challenges and advantages for electrocatalytic reduction of organic compounds.

Tunable synthesis of imines and secondary-amines from tandem hydrogenation-coupling of aromatic nitro and aldehyde over NiCo5 bi-metallic catalyst

A green process for production of imine and secondary-amine with high selectivity is desirable and challenging. Here, selective production of these nitrogen-containing compounds in one-pot was effectively realized in a hydrogenation-coupling tandem reaction system catalyzed by bi-metallic NiCo catalyst. The investigation of Co/Ni composition vs activity showed a composition-dependence catalysis and the optimal bi-metallic catalyst was NiCo5 (Ni and Co molar ratio 1:5). Nitrobenzene (NB) could almost completely transform toward imine at 70 °C and secondary-amine at 90 °C, respectively. The adsorption configurations of reactant on catalyst surface were analyzed by DFT calculation to probe the reaction mechanism. And the reaction dynamics were also investigated deeply, suggesting that hydrogenation of NB should be promoted but hydrogenation of benzaldehyde (BA) need inhibiting. Additionally, the catalytic system under moderate reaction conditions could also be applied to a variety of substituted aromatic nitro and aldehyde compounds, showing high yields of corresponding imines.

First-principle investigation on catalytic hydrogenation of benzaldehyde over Pt-group metals

Understanding the hydrogenation of organic compounds in the aqueous phase has always been fundamentally important for improving carbon neutral pathways to fuels and value-added chemicals. In this study, we investigated both thermodynamic and kinetic profiles of benzaldehyde hydrogenation over the Pd(111) and Pt(111) metal surfaces using density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamic (AIMD) simulations. The adsorption of H2 shows the mixed preference of H adsorption sites on the Pt(111), while the fcc adsorption site is dominant for H on the Pd(111). When benzaldehyde is added to the systems, we observe a strong reduction of benzaldehyde on charged Pd (111) surface compared with that on neutral surface. In contrast, charged state of the Pt(111) surface does not change their interaction. Subsequent hydrogenation reaction of benzaldehyde over Pd(111), proceeding via Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, is affected by two major factors: the presence of H2O solvent and surface charge. The presence of H2O solvent greatly reduces the activation energy of CH and OH bond formation during the hydrogenation process. Furthermore, the hydrogenation step via CH bond formation is preferred thermodynamically and kinetically over OH bond formation during thermocatalytic hydrogenation, while the opposite trend holds true during electrocatalytic hydrogenation.

The Application of Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy to Investigate the Liquid Phase Hydrogenation of Benzaldehyde Over an Alumina-Supported Palladium Catalyst

The hydrogenation of benzaldehyde in cyclohexane over a 5 wt% Pd/Al2O3 catalyst at 313 K is firstly investigated at ambient pressure in a stirred batch reactor. The formation of benzyl alcohol is a facile process and a small mass imbalance is indirectly attributed to the formation of benzene as a by-product. No hydrogenolysis reaction to form toluene is observed. Secondly, examination of this reaction system by attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy enables the chemistry at the liquid/solid interface to be probed. Specifically, the ν(C=O) modes of solvated and adsorbed benzaldehyde are evident at 1712 and 1691 cm−1 respectively, providing information on how the reagent is partitioning within the reaction medium. Spectral acquisition on initiation of hydrogenation then enables the benzaldehyde → benzyl alcohol transition to be tracked. The additional presence of a broad CO stretching band of chemisorbed carbon monoxide (1852–1929 cm−1) is attributed to the hydrogen-assisted decarbonylation pathway that forms the benzene by-product.

Pt nanoparticles anchored on rare metal oxide coated on SBA-15: a highly active catalyst for synergistic catalytic hydrogenation of benzaldehyde

We report a novel hybrid nano-structure Pt catalyst, by coating rare metal oxide (CeO2 or La2O3) on the surface of SBA-15, then anchoring Pt nanoparticles on the CeO2/SBA-15 or La2O3/SBA-15 via a photochemical route. For the hydrogenation of benzaldehyde, the Pt/@-CeO2/SBA-15 and Pt/@-La2O3/SBA-15 catalysts demonstrated outstanding activity and excellent selectivity, much higher than that of Pt/CeO2, Pt/La2O3 and Pt/SBA-15. In particular, the TOF of Pt/@-La2O3/SBA-15 reached 2324 h−1, 2.3-fold higher than the atomically dispersed catalyst (Pd1/TiO2, 1002 h−1) in the literature. The superior catalytic performance was attributed to the special structure and the synergistic effect between the Pt nanoparticles and CeO2/SBA-15(La2O3/SBA-15). The content of metal oxide played an important role in the reaction, as only a suitable content of metal oxide could ensure that this hybrid structure would show the best performance.

Simultaneous dehydrogenation of 1,4- butanediol to γ-butyrolactone and hydrogenation of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol mediated over competent CeO2–Al2O3 supported Cu as catalyst

Hydrogen being a dynamically impending energy transporter is widely used in hydrogenation reactions for the synthesis of various value added chemicals. It can be obtained from dehydrogenation reactions and the acquired hydrogen molecule can directly be utilized in hydrogenation reactions. This correspondingly avoids external pumping of hydrogen making it an economical process. We have for the first time tried to carryout 1,4-butanediol dehydrogenation and benzaldehyde hydrogenation simultaneously over ceria-alumina supported copper (Cu/CeO2–Al2O3) catalyst. In this concern, 10 wt% of Cu supported on CeO2–Al2O3 (3:1 ratio) was synthesized using wet impregnation method. The synthesized catalyst was then characterized by various analytical methods such as BET, powder XRD, FE-SEM, H2-TPR, NH3 and CO2-TPD, FT-IR and TGA. The catalytic activity towards simultaneous 1,4-butanediol dehydrogenation and benzaldehyde hydrogenation along with their individual reactions was tested for temperature range of 240 °C–300 °C. The physicochemical properties enhanced the catalytic activity as clearly interpreted from the results obtained from the respective characterization data. The best results were obtained with 10 wt% of Cu supported on CeO2–Al2O3 (3:1 ratio) catalyst with benzaldehyde conversion of 34% and 84% selectivity of benzyl alcohol. The conversion of 1,4-butanediol was seen to be 90% with around 95% selectivity of γ-butyrolactone. The catalyst also featured physicochemical properties namely increased surface area, higher dispersion and its highly basic nature, for the simultaneous reaction towards a positive direction. In terms of permanence, the Cu/CeO2–Al2O3 (10CCA) catalyst was quite steady and showed stable activity up to 24 h in time on stream profile.

Template-free one-step synthesis of micro-mesoporous CeO2–ZrO2 mixed oxides with a high surface area for selective hydrogenation

Ceria-zirconia oxide materials with a specific surface area ranging from 160 to 240 m2/g and different meso- and micropores ratio were obtained by a simple deposition-precipitation method with urea (DPU), which allows preparation of ceria-zirconia oxides directly in one-step while avoiding the formation of oxo-hydroxo species and further thermal treatment to obtain oxide phases. Moreover, a microwave-assisted DPU method allowed the decrease of the synthesis time from 24 to 3.5 h. The prepared samples were studied by TG-DTA, BET, N2 adsorption, XRD, SEM, and TEM methods. Pt-containing catalysts based on synthesized oxides have shown a high catalytic activity in selective hydrogenation of benzaldehyde, citral, and cinnamaldehyde at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

Synergistic catalysis of hybrid nano-structure Pd catalyst for highly efficient catalytic selective hydrogenation of benzaldehyde

Selective hydrogenation of benzaldehyde is a green and sustainable technology to produce benzyl alcohol. Herein, we report a hybrid nano-structure catalyst(Pd/@-ZrO2/AC) by photochemical route for selective hydrogenation of benzaldehyde under mild reaction conditions. The Pd/@-ZrO2/AC catalyst exhibited outstanding activity(100%) and high selectivity for benzyl alcohol (>98 %), much higher than that of Pd/ZrO2 and Pd/AC. The high catalytic activity was attributed to the special structure and the synergistic effect. A series of Pd/@-MexOy/AC(MexOy: TiO2, CeO2, La2O3) catalysts further confirmed the synergistic effect in this hybrid nano-structure for this reaction. This work clearly demonstrates that loading nano-metal on high specific surface area materials with nano-semiconductors can increase the catalytic activity and open up a new direction for the synergistic catalysis of hybrid nano-structure catalysts.

Aqueous phase catalytic and electrocatalytic hydrogenation of phenol and benzaldehyde over platinum group metals

The mechanisms of aqueous-phase thermal catalytic hydrogenation (TCH) and electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) of organic molecules over Pt group metals are not as well-understood as gas-phase thermal catalytic hydrogenation. In gas-phase, the reactions generally occur via a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism with adsorbed hydrogen adding to adsorbed organics. Here, we show that the rates, reaction orders and activation energies for TCH and ECH of phenol and benzaldehyde on Pd, Pt, and Rh can be explained with a simple kinetic model based on similar Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanisms. For Pt/C, the adsorption equilibrium constants for the organics needed to fit the rate data are consistent with independently-measured values, provided we assume that the rates are dominated by (1 1 1)-like sites, in agreement with reported particle size effects. The reaction rate of Pd in the ECH of benzaldehyde increases with the surface hydrogen coverage. The state of Pd during ECH of phenol and benzaldehyde are very different, with a high concentration of adsorbed H in the presence of phenol, but not in the presence of benzaldehyde, consistent with benzaldehyde’s stronger binding to the surface. In consequence, Pd is converted to β-PdHx during the hydrogenation of phenol but not benzaldehyde. This is proposed to explain the much lower activity of Pd for hydrogenation of phenol compared to benzaldehyde. The measured low coverage of H on Pd in the presence of benzaldehyde is in agreement with the high selectivity/Faradaic efficiency of protons to benzaldehyde hydrogenation to benzyl alcohol. The decrease in apparent activation energy for ECH versus TCH can also be understood within this same kinetic model. The combination of ECH and TCH kinetics and spectroscopy has, thus, allowed to deduce a microkinetic model for these hydrogenation reactions.

Electrochemically Tunable Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Pd-Catalyzed Benzaldehyde Hydrogenation.

Acid functionalization of a carbon support allows to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of Pd to hydrogenate benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol proportional to the concentration of Brønsted‐acid sites. In contrast, the hydrogenation rate is not affected when H2 is used as a reduction equivalent. The different responses to the catalyst properties are shown to be caused by differences in the hydrogenation mechanism between the electrochemical and the H2‐induced hydrogenation pathways. The enhancement of electrocatalytic reduction is realized by the participation of support‐generated hydronium ions in the proximity of the metal particles.

Electrochemically Tunable Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer in Pd‐Catalyzed Benzaldehyde Hydrogenation

AbstractAcid functionalization of a carbon support allows to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of Pd to hydrogenate benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol proportional to the concentration of Brønsted‐acid sites. In contrast, the hydrogenation rate is not affected when H2 is used as a reduction equivalent. The different responses to the catalyst properties are shown to be caused by differences in the hydrogenation mechanism between the electrochemical and the H2‐induced hydrogenation pathways. The enhancement of electrocatalytic reduction is realized by the participation of support‐generated hydronium ions in the proximity of the metal particles.

Selective Liquid Phase Hydrogenation of Benzaldehyde to Benzyl Alcohol Over Alumina Supported Gold

We report for the first time 100% benzyl alcohol yield from the liquid phase (T = 353 K, P = 9 bar) hydrogenation of benzaldehyde over Au/Al2O3. Under the same reaction conditions, a benchmark Pt/Al2O3 catalyst promoted the formation of toluene and benzene as hydrogenolysis by-products. Reaction kinetics was subjected to a Hammett treatment and the reaction constant (ρ = 0.9) was found to be consistent with a nucleophilic mechanism. A solvent (alcohol, water and alcohol + water) effect is demonstrated and ascribed to competitive adsorption where solvation by polar (water) facilitates benzaldehyde activation.Graphic

Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Benzaldehyde: Unexpected Enhancing Effect By Co-Adsorbed Proton Donor

Electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) is a promising route for low-temperature bio-oil treatment, wherein renewable electricity can be used to store hydrogen in hydrocarbon energy carriers used as transportation fuels.1 ECH of phenol and benzaldehyde (model compounds) shows rates and selectivity to hydrogenation that depend on the metal.2 As bio-oil is a mixture of compounds with different functionalities, development of a sustainable process towards bio-oil stabilization often requires the fundamental understanding of competitive hydrogenation pathways in presence of mixtures of model compounds. Thus, the present study aims to explore the hydrogenation kinetics and reaction pathways of simultaneous conversion of phenol and aromatic carbonyls on carbon supported metal catalysts. Under ECH, all catalysts tested (Rh/C, Pd/C, Ru/C, Cu/C) were active for benzaldehyde hydrogenation to benzyl alcohol, however, only Rh/C was active for the hydrogenation of phenol which yielded cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol. The hydrogenation activity of benzaldehyde increases in the following order Ru/C < Rh/C < Pd/C < Cu/C. H2 evolution reaction (HER) is the prevalent side reaction. Therefore, an important variable to study is the selectivity (Faradaic efficiency) defined as fraction of total electron used for hydrogenation. Hydrogenation selectivity was ~90% for both Ru/C and Pd/C, however, Rh/C and Cu/C showed ~50% selectivity. When phenol was co-fed alongside benzaldehyde, no phenol hydrogenation was noted on all catalysts tested. However, an enhancement in ECH rate of benzaldehyde (~2-4 fold depending on metal catalyst) was observed in case of Pd/C, Ru/C and Cu/C (Figure 1a). ECH of benzaldehyde was very similar on Rh/C in presence and absence of phenol. The presence of phenol in the feed increased Faradaic efficiency in case of Cu/C and decreased it on Rh/C and Ru/C. We hypothesize that phenol, co-adsorbed on the metal, affects the rates of HER hindering the reaction of hydronium ions with the metal. On the other hand, phenol interacts with benzaldehyde and thus, facilitates the hydrogenation and results in an enhancement in rate. Indeed, when the benzaldehyde hydrogenation was carried out on Pd/C with different phenolic compounds with varying pKa, increasing hydrogenation rates were noted with decreasing pKa of the phenolic compounds (Figure 1b). Although, an enhancement (x2) in benzaldehyde hydrogenation was noted with 20 mM of phenol, increasing phenol concentration further (until 200 mM) barely have an impact on the hydrogenation rate. However, no such enhancement was observed when the hydrogenation was studied with molecular H2 as the reduction equivalent instead of cathodic potential. This suggests that benzaldehyde hydrogenation might proceeds through an electrochemical step with direct involvement of the phenolic compounds. The results of the detail kinetic studies, and the corresponding reaction mechanisms will be addressed in this presentation. Figure 1

Selective gas-phase hydrogenation of benzaldehyde in the presence of Ni-, Co- and Fe-doped BaCuO2 delafossites: effect of metal substituent on the production of benzyl alcohol

Delafossite mixed metal oxides of the form BaCuO2 and BaCu1M1−xO2 (M = Ni, Fe and Co) were successfully synthesized following a sol–gel citrate method. The products, obtained after heat treatment under N2 at 800 °C, were characterized using several techniques such as: thermogravimetric analysis (TG), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The formation of the delafossite oxide structure for all solid powders was confirmed by XRD. The BET surface area of all catalysts was lower than 10 m2 g−1. The catalytic performance of the synthesized catalysts was evaluated in the vapor-phase hydrogenation of benzaldehyde. Benzyl alcohol and toluene were obtained through consecutive hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis reactions, while benzene was formed via a concomitant hydrogenolysis reaction. BaCuO.47Ni0.51O2 catalyst showed better activity at 250 °C with 98% benzaldehyde conversion. Under the same conditions, BaCuO.52Fe0.48O2 catalyst showed the highest selectivity for benzyl alcohol (84% at 20% of conversion).

Reducing energy barriers of chemical reactions with a nanomicrocell catalyst consisting of integrated active sites in conductive matrices

Reducing energy barriers of chemical reactions is the never-ending endeavor of chemists. Inspired by the high reactivity of primary cells, we develop a nanosized fuel cell catalyst (denoted as nanomicrocell catalyst), consisting of integrated electrode pairs, conductive matrices and electrolytes, to improve the chemical reactivity. Specifically, the anodes are Pd species which is combining with the electron-rich N atoms in B-and-N co-doped carbon dots; the cathodes are electron-deficient B atoms; and the conductive matrices are B-and-N co-doped carbon dots which are connecting with the electrode pairs. Similar to the reactivity of primary cells, the catalytic properties of the nanomicrocell catalyst in hydrogenation of benzaldehyde are depending on the properties of electrode pairs, conductive matrices and electrolytes. The unique catalytic properties are attributed to the different substrate adsorption capability and catalytic properties of paired electrodes, and the easy migration of electrons and charge carriers, which could improve the synergetic effect between paired active sites. Therefore, this work may open up a new window for designed synthesis of advanced catalysts which could highly lower the energy barriers of chemical reactions.

Kinetic Investigation of the Sustainable Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Benzaldehyde on Pd/C: Effect of Electrolyte Composition and Half-Cell Potentials

Electrocatalytic reduction of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol on Pd supported on carbon felt was conducted in the aqueous phase using a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol was added to the electrolyte to study the impact of alcohol type and concentration on the rates of benzaldehyde electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) and H2 evolution, which is the prevalent side reaction. Whereas the ECH rates and Faradaic efficiency decreased with increasing alcohol concentrations, H2 evolution rates remained constant. The impact of the alcohol on hydrogenation was greater as the length of the alcohol’s hydrocarbon chain increased. Increasing the benzaldehyde concentration allows for high ECH rates and high Faradaic efficiency. The reaction order increased from ∼0.13 to ∼0.66 with half-cell potential increasing from −650 to −1150 mV (vs Ag/AgCl). Kinetic analysis reveals that the changes in reaction order are due to changes in benzaldehyde (an...

A comparative study of Ni/Al2O3–SiC foam catalysts and powder catalysts for the liquid-phase hydrogenation of benzaldehyde

In this study, Al2O3-washcoated SiC (Al2O3–SiC) foams and Al2O3 powder were employed as the supports of a Ni catalyst for the liquid-phase hydrogenation of benzaldehyde. A series of Ni/Al2O3–SiC foam catalysts and Ni/Al2O3 powder catalysts with a Ni loading from 10 wt% to 37 wt% of the weight of Al2O3 were first prepared by a deposition–precipitation (DP) method. The catalytic activity and recyclability of both kinds of catalysts were then compared. Although it had a smaller accessible surface area with the reactant, the foam catalyst with a Ni loading of 16 wt% exhibited a slightly higher conversion of benzaldehyde after 6 h (of 99.3%) in comparison with the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst with identical Ni loading (conversion of 97.5%). When the Ni loading increased from 16 wt% to 37 wt%, the reaction rate obtained with the foam catalyst increased significantly from 0.108 to 0.204 mol L−1 h−1, whereas the reaction rate obtained with the powder catalyst increased from 0.106 to 0.123 mol L−1 h−1. Furthermore, the specific activity (moles of benzaldehyde consumed by 1 g min−1 of Ni) of the foam catalyst with a Ni loading above 30 wt% was superior to that of the powder catalyst because of its smaller Ni-particle size and higher mass-transfer rate. The foam catalyst displayed a high recyclability as a function of run times owing to the strong interaction between the Ni component and the Al2O3 coating. The conversion of benzaldehyde over the foam catalyst remained almost unchanged after being used 8 times. In comparison, a drop of 43% in the conversion of benzaldehyde with the powder catalyst was observed after being used 7 times due to the leaching of the Ni component.

MCM-41 Supported Copper-Based Catalysts: Physicochemical Characterizations and Catalytic Performances in the Gas Phase Hydrogenation of Benzaldehyde

We are reporting in this study the preparation of copper-based catalysts supported on MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves with different Si/Cu ratios (10 and 50) via two steps: firstly, the synthesis of the mesoporous material MCM-41 by the hydrothermal method and secondly, the preparation of the supported catalysts by a wet impregnation method. The structural and textural properties of the supported catalysts were determined using the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2-physical adsorption, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The catalytic properties of the supported materials have been evaluated on the reduction reaction of benzaldehyde at atmospheric pressure and in the gas phase. The yields of the obtained hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis products (benzyl alcohol, toluene, and benzene) were highly dependent on the copper content and reaction temperature, and preferentially formed in the whole range of reaction temperatures 160–250 °C. The observed selectivity of the hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis reactions towards the production of various products suggests the existence of catalytic active species of different particle sizes in the two catalyzed reactions.

Bimetallic Pd@Ni-mesoporous TiO2 nanocatalyst for highly improved and selective hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds under UV light radiation

Bimetallic Pd@Ni nanostructure exhibited enhanced co-catalytic activity for the selective hydrogenation of benzaldehyde compare to their monometallic counterparts. Impregnation of these mono/bimetallic nanostructures on mesoporous TiO2 leads to several surface modifications. The bimetallic PNT-3 (Pd3@Ni1/mTiO2) exhibited large surface area (212m2g−1), and low recombination rate of the charge carriers (e−-h+). The hydrogenation reaction was analyzed under controlled experiments. It was observed that under UV-light irradiations and saturated hydrogen atmosphere the bimetallic PNT-3 photocatalyst display higher rate constant k=5.31×10−1h−1 owing to reduction in the barrier height which leads to efficiently transfer of electron at bimetallic/mTiO2 interface.

Visible-Light-Induced Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Aldehydes by Palladium Immobilized on Amine-Functionalized Iron-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks

Visible-light-induced selective transfer hydrogenation of aromatic aldehyde to the corresponding alcohol was achieved by using Pd nanocatalyst supported on amine-functionalized iron-based metal–organic frameworks [Pd/MIL-101(Fe)-NH2] with triethylamine (TEA) as an electron donor and HCOOH as a proton source. The Pd/MIL-101(Fe)-NH2, obtained by an in situ photodeposition method, showed homogeneously and highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles (NPs) with a uniform size throughout the MIL-101(Fe)-NH2 support due to an effective stabilization role of amine groups on the backbone linkage of MIL-101(Fe)-NH2. The resulting Pd/MIL-101(Fe)-NH2 exhibited excellent catalytic performance toward a visible-light-induced transfer hydrogenation of benzaldehyde by producing a benzyl alcohol yield of 77% with a full benzaldehyde conversion in the presence of TEA-HCOOH. In addition to benzaldehyde, biomass-based renewable platform molecules such as furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were successively converted into the co...