Hydrogen Peroxide In Milk Research Articles

Determination of hydrogen peroxide in milk and coffee by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after 4-iodo-2,6- dimethylphenol derivatization

Determination of hydrogen peroxide in milk and coffee by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after 4-iodo-2,6- dimethylphenol derivatization

Eco-friendly quantification of hydrogen peroxide in milk using green-synthesized iron nanoenzymes

In this work, iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) were synthesized by a green method using Eucalyptus grandis leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The FeNPs were employed as nanoenzymes for oxidizing o-phenylenediamine, enabling the development of a spectrophotometric method to detect and quantify hydrogen peroxide in milk. The method was validated according to the validation protocols. The analytical curve (8.97–112.16 µmol L−1) for UHT (Ultra High Temperature) whole milk showed a good linear fit. The limits of detection and quantification were 2.96 µmol L−1 and 9.89 µmol L−1, respectively. The method demonstrated an accuracy ranging from 85.1 % to 102.8 %, with a repeatability of ≤ 3.9 % and an intermediate precision of ≤ 7.5 %. The method proved its effectiveness on various types of milk and was compared with other conventional methods traditionally applied to milk analysis. The novelty of the method lies in the use of FeNPs synthesized through a bioinspired process using plant extract, employed for the first time in the detection of H2O2 in milk, a highly complex matrix. The advantages of the analytical method include the use of a small sample and reagent volumes. The ecological aspects of the developed procedure were evaluated using the Analytical Eco-scale protocols, resulting in a score of 77, classified as an excellent green analysis, confirming it as an environmentally friendly method.

Highly sensitive biofunctionalized nanostructures for paper-based colorimetric sensing of hydrogen peroxide in raw milk

Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) is a highly hazardous, toxic, and carcinogenic chemical compound utilised in various industries-based applications. Despite strict restriction, they are deliberately added to food items such as milk as preservatives to increase its shelf life. Herein, we have formulated a green rapid colorimetric nanosensor for detection of H2O2 in milk using cotton leaves as both reducing and functionalizing agent for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). UV–Vis spectra exhibit a strong plasmonic peak at around 434 nm. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to determine the crystallinity of the nanoparticles. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) characterizations revealed spherical morphology with size approximately ∼16 nm. This functionalized nanoparticle could colorimetrically sense presence of H2O2 in milk samples both in liquid media and on paper substrates with Limit of Detection (LOD) of 8.46 ppm even in presence of other interfering substances in milk. This inexpensive route will pave the way for in depth research.

Sensitive and cost-effective colorimetric sensor based on enzyme mimic MoS2@CoTiO3 nanocomposite for detection of hydrogen peroxide in milk and tap water

Although hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is essential for biochemical reactions and industrial processes but excessive levels can be hazardous to health. As a result, developing a reliable, selective, and sensitive H2O2 detection method remains challenging. This study proposes an inexpensive, portable, and rapid colorimetric sensor for quick H2O2 detection based on a filter paper-based platform and novel nanozymes named Molybdenum disulfide and Cobalt titanate (MoS2@CoTiO3) nanocomposite.Different analytical techniques were used to evaluate the interaction between the material and analyte, including UV-Visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction, Zeta potential, and Dynamic light scattering. The characterization study proved the proposed material's appropriateness for sensing purposes. The combined action of MoS2 and CoTiO3 components revealed intrinsic peroxidase-like activity, allowing for the visible oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Several optimization parameters were evaluated, including TMB concentration (25 mM), incubation time (20 min), pH (7.0), and nanocomposite (3.0 mg) and gel (0.2 g) concentrations. Consequently, due to its peroxidase-like activity, the MoS2@CoTiO3 nanocomposite achieved a lower detection limit (LOD) of 0.01 µM. The platform displayed adequate selectivity against potential interferants in biological samples, with excellent recovery rates ranging from 93.3 % to 98.3 %. The use of low-cost paper-based porous substrates for sensing has proven to be a versatile option for onsite health and environmental monitoring, providing an alternative to costly and complicated instrumentation.

Optical sensor response towards hydrogen peroxide in low fat and full cream milk

Fiber Optic Displacement Sensor (FODS) categorized as one of the optical sensor based reflective intensity modulation. An intensity based sensor have been widely used in detecting various substances due to their simplicity structures. Generally for sensing principle, a pair of fiber is used to construct FODS which one of optical fiber is the transmitting fiber and another one is receiving fiber. The objective of this current work is to introduce FODS to evaluate the optical response in terms of voltage reading at different concentration of hydrogen peroxide in two different types of milk. A real-time measurement, low cost, stability, high sensitivity and simplicity of design promote a well-developed sensor in providing useful parameters in detecting hydrogen peroxide in milk. Hydrogen peroxide is an adulterated agent added in milk that can harm the consumers. Transmitive optical sensor as a function of displacement technique was developed to study the hydrogen peroxide concentrations in the range of 0 %-10 % as consuming more than 3-10 % of hydrogen peroxide can cause mild allergies reactions, stomach upset and vomiting. The output from the receiving fiber in this designated system was measured in terms of voltage reading through multimeter. The sensor shows outstanding performances of delivering 0.0007 V/% sensitivity for low fat milk and with linearity of >98 %. Whereas, the sensitivity achieved for full cream milk was 0.0005 V/% with a good linearity >97 %. The simplicity and credibility of this system offer a good opportunity in this project and also foods industry applications.

Smartphone-based on-site detection of hydrogen peroxide in milk by using a portable ratiometric fluorescent probe

The on-site detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is important for maintaining food safety as the ingestion of H2O2 can lead to serious pathological conditions. However, most reported fluorescent probes require a fluorometer to ensure readable signal output and reliable detection result. Consequently, the fluorescent detection of H2O2 can be realized only within a standard laboratory setting. Herein, we report a novel supramolecular strategy that can successfully convert the typical off-on response to H2O2 into a ratiometric response, which allows the on-site detection of H2O2 when used in conjunction with a smartphone-based 3D-printed miniaturized testing system. This method has acceptable sensitivity, good anti-interference ability, and desirable accuracy compared to a standard detection method. More importantly, this portable ratiometric method can be used to detect H2O2 residue in commercial milk samples with the simple testing apparatuses.

Compact biosensor system for the quantification of hydrogen peroxide in milk

Hydrogen peroxide is usually added to products to delay the development of microorganisms mainly in milk, hence increasing its stability over time, however the side effects can become devastating to human health.A technique is presented consisting of detecting hydrogen peroxide as an adulterant in milk through a sensor where pretreatment of the sample is not necessary, using a single use membrane. The detection of hydrogen peroxide in fresh-raw, whole, semi-skimmed and skimmed milk was performed using a luminol chemiluminescence reaction.For hydrogen peroxide water solutions, a linear response was attained from 1.0 × 10−4 to 9.0 × 10−3 %w/w and an LOD (limit of detection) of 3.0 × 10−5 %w/w was determined. An R-squared value of 0.97 and a relative standard deviation lower than 10%, were achieved.Hydrogen peroxide concentration as low as 1.0 × 10−3 %w/w was measured for fresh-raw, skim and whole milk and for semi-skimmed milk, as low as 2.0 × 10−3 %w/w.The methodology presented, as long as our knowledge, is original, rapid, ecological and inexpensive. In regard of the sensitivity obtained, the methodology has great possibility to be applied in the detection of hydrogen peroxide in several areas. It is envisaged monitoring of food quality, agriculture systems and environment pollution.

New carbon black-based conductive filaments for the additive manufacture of improved electrochemical sensors by fused deposition modeling.

The development of a homemade carbon black composite filament with polylactic acid (CB-PLA) is reported. Optimized filaments containing 28.5% wt. of carbon black were obtained and employed in the 3D printing of improved electrochemical sensors by fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique. The fabricated filaments were used to construct a simple electrochemical system, which was explored for detecting catechol and hydroquinone in water samples and detecting hydrogen peroxide in milk. The determination of catechol and hydroquinone was successfully performed by differential pulse voltammetry, presenting LOD values of 0.02 and 0.22 µmol L−1, respectively, and recovery values ranging from 91.1 to 112% in tap water. Furthermore, the modification of CB-PLA electrodes with Prussian blue allowed the non-enzymatic amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide at 0.0 V (vs. carbon black reference electrode) in milk samples, with a linear range between 5.0 and 350.0 mol L−1 and low limit of detection (1.03 µmol L−1). Thus, CB-PLA can be successfully applied as additively manufactured electrochemical sensors, and the easy filament manufacturing process allows for its exploration in a diversity of applications.Graphical abstract Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00604-022-05511-2.

Digital-image photometry with multi-energy calibration

Simple analytical procedures that are able to circumvent matrix effects are always in high demand given the wide variety of analytical applications and the need to deal with complex-matrix samples. In this context, digital-image photometry (DIP) outstands because of its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and portability. Typically, it involves external standard calibration (EC) based on single-channel measurements and is often prone to matrix effects. Alternatively, multi-energy calibration (MEC) has been successfully exploited as a calibration strategy to minimize matrix effects in spectrochemical analysis, as it relies on measurements at different wavelengths using a pair of calibration solutions containing the same amount of sample. Aiming at a simpler and more practical approach, the present work pioneeringly proposes multi-channel smartphone-based digital-image photometry to minimize interferences and matrix effects using the general concept of MEC. Analytical signals were based on the responses obtained at different color channels, RGB (red, green, and blue), CMY (cyano and magenta channels) and HSV (saturation values). The strategy was evaluated with model colored solutions (methyl red, brilliant blue dye, and nickel(II) sulfate) to establish boundary working conditions. For calibration solutions with a sample/standard analyte concentration ratio between 0.2 and 1.0, analyte recoveries in the 85–103 %, 92–104 %, and 87–113 % ranges were found for methyl red, brilliant blue, and nickel(II) sulfate, respectively. The method’s feasibility was then demonstrated by determination of methanol in solutions containing different amounts of glycerol, and hydrogen peroxide in milk with different fat contents. Relative errors (Er) for determination of methanol were within 2–16 % and 17–48 % using the MEC strategy and EC, respectively. For determination of hydrogen peroxide in milk, Er achieved by the proposed approach were within 6–10 %, whereas values as high as 50 % were estimated with EC. Coefficients of variation (n = 10) and limits of detection (99.7 % confidence level) for methanol and hydrogen peroxide determination were 3.5 % and 7 mg/L, and 6.6 % and 1 mg/L, respectively. These results demonstrate the proposed approach is a simple, practical, and environment friendly strategy to minimize matrix and other interfering effects.

Rapid Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide in Milk with Non‐enzymatic Amperometric Sensor Based on Porous Gold Modified Screen‐printed Electrode in Online Dialysis System

AbstractA rapid method for determination of hydrogen peroxide based on a non‐enzymatic amperometric sensor with an online dialysis unit was developed for analysis of sample with complicated matrices. A porous gold modified gold screen‐printed electrode was prepared by a simple method using 9 V‐battery electrodeposition. Based on data from amperometry, a linear dynamic range can be obtained in the range of 10 to 1000 μmol L−1, with a limit of detection of 0.37 μmol L−1. The proposed system was successfully applied to determine H2O2 in various milk samples with rapid analysis, high electrode stability, and excellent repeatability (1.95 % RSD with 100 replications).

Facile preparation of MIL-88B-Fe metal–organic framework with high peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide in milk and beer

Facile preparation of MIL-88B-Fe metal–organic framework with high peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide in milk and beer

Chemometric model for rapid detection of urea and hydrogen peroxide in milk

A simple and cost effective method has been developed for determination of adulteration in milk with urea and hydrogen peroxide by using chemometric modeling with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic data. Milk samples were purchased from a dairy farm (South Banasree, Dhaka, Bangladesh) and spiked at different concentrations of urea and hydrogen peroxide. Spectral data of all samples were collected using ATR-FTIR spectrophotometer. After acquisition of spectral data, they were preprocessed with transformation techniques such as multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and savitzky-golay derivative. The predictive performance of principal component regression (PCR) and partial least-square regression (PLSR) methods were assessed by relative prediction errors and recoveries (%) were compared . PLSR shows better prediction efficiencies over PCR with R2 value 99% for urea and 95% for hydrogen peroxide.Six brands of commercial milk samples have been evaluated by this method and the samples contain 21.66-44.73 mg urea and 1.62-2.86 mg hydrogen peroxide in 100 ml milk. This method can be easily used in the quality assessment of milk.
 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(1), 1-8, 2021

A novel platform of using copper (II) complex with triazole-carboxilated modified as bidentated ligand SPCE for the detection of hydrogen peroxide in milk

Abstract A screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with copper (II) 1-(3-bromobenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate [Cu(bmtc)2(H2O)] and was used as an electrochemical sensor of hydrogen peroxide. The material was characterised by crystal X-ray and cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical behaviour of the modified electrode [Cu(bmtc)2(H2O)]/SPCE was evaluated against bare SPCE for the reduction of 1.0 mM H2O2 in phosphate buffer (pH = 7.0), where the modified electrode responded ~ −0.55 V even though the SPCE did not present response. On the other hand, analytical parameters such as reproducibility (2.7%), repeatability (2.6%), LOD (5.8 × 10−7 mol L−1), selectivity (physiological substances) and stability were evaluated.

Shape-controlled electrodeposition of silver using chitosan as structure-directing agent on disposable pencil graphite electrodes: low-cost electrocatalysts for the detection of hydrogen peroxide and hydrazine hydrate

A facile synthetic protocol for the electrodeposition of diverse morphologies of silver on disposable pencil graphite electrodes (Ag/PGE) in the presence of chitosan as structure-directing agent (SDA) is reported. The influence of various electrodeposition parameters on the morphology of Ag deposited has been studied and interpreted using electron microscopic techniques. Several impressive morphologies such as hexahedron, leaf and dendrites have been observed for Ag/PGE with respect to change in experimental conditions. Furthermore, the crucial role of chitosan in determining the morphology of Ag/PGE has been elucidated with the help of three-dimensional Scharifker-Hills nucleation and growth model. The electrocatalytic activities of various Ag/PGEs towards the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (HP) and oxidation of hydrazine hydrate (HH) have been studied in detail with the help of diverse electrochemical techniques. In comparison with PGE, the Ag hexahedron- (Ag-Hex/PGE) and Ag dendrite- (Ag-Dend/PGE) modified PGEs exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards HP and HH, respectively. The Ag-Hex/PGE displayed a wide linear range of 0.1–20,000 μM with a limit of detection (LOD, 3σ/m) of 0.06 μM for HP reduction. On the other hand, a linear range of 25–20,000 μM with LOD of 1.8 μM for HH oxidation has been observed for Ag-Dend/PGE. Furthermore, the modified Ag/PGEs revealed remarkable reproducibility and long-term storage stability. The practical applicability of the Ag-Hex/PGE and Ag-Dend/PGE was demonstrated through the electrocatalytic detection of HP in milk and HH in tap water samples with satisfactory recovery results.

Bioactive paper platform for detection of hydrogen peroxide in milk.

This paper describes the development and application of a paper-based analytical device (μPAD) for the determination of hydrogen peroxide, an important adulterant in milk. The method employs the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and guaiacol, catalyzed by peroxidase, producing a red product, which is then quantified by digital imaging. Experimental design methodology was used to optimize the experimental conditions. The linear concentration range was from 12.5 × 10-4 to 150 × 10-4 mol L-1, resulting in the regression equation AB = 0.02466 (±0.00192) + 17.053 (±0.750) C, with an excellent correlation coefficient (r = 0.986). The relative standard deviations obtained were 1.1 and 1.3% (intra-day), and 4.8 and 2.9% (inter-day), for 25.0 × 10-4 and 100 × 10-4 mol L-1 of hydrogen peroxide, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were 3.54 × 10-4 and 11.8 × 10-4 mol L-1, respectively, with standard deviation of the blank of 0.002012. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of peroxide in milk samples, with recoveries between 92.2 and 109%. The proposed device constitutes a valuable analytical tool for the identification of hydrogen peroxide adulteration and offers advantages including low cost, simplicity, portability, and no (or minimal) requirement for sample pretreatment.

Method for determination of hydrogen peroxide in adulterated milk using high performance liquid chromatography

Hydrogen peroxide is widely used for disinfection purposes by food industry enterprises. Apart from other purposes it is also used to sterilize the packaging of dairy products. In some countries hydrogen peroxide is added to milk as an adulterant for shelf life extension. However, in most countries the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in milk is limited or it is even prohibited to add this substance to the product. This study is the first one to describe the method of determination of hydrogen peroxide in milk using high performance liquid chromatography. Indirect quantitative evaluation of hydrogen peroxide is carried out according to the amount of triphenyl oxide produced after the reaction between hydrogen peroxide with triphenylphosphine. It has been shown that interaction of triphenylphosphine and hydrogen peroxide required about 40 min. The detection limit of this method is 0.28 mg/L. The recovery of hydrogen peroxide was from 97.8% to 103.8%.

Rapid and sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide in milk by Enzyme-free electrochemiluminescence sensor based on a polypyrrole-cerium oxide nanocomposite

An H2O2 electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor with a very low detection limit has been developed using a hybrid of polypyrrole-dodesylbenzen sulfate-cerium oxide nanocomposite (PPy-DBS-CeO2) on a Pt electrode. The incorporation of the CeO2 nanoparticles in the polymeric matrix of the composite enhanced the ECL signal. Under optimal conditions, the signal and the logarithm of H2O2 concentration showed a linear relationship from 5.0 × 10−16 to 5.0 × 10−5 M (R2 = 0.9922) and a very low detection limit of 1.2 × 10−16 M was observed. The sensor revealed good reproducibility and stability and was found applicable to the detection of H2O2 in water and milk samples.

Enhanced Chemiluminescence Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide in Milk Sample Using Metal–Organic Framework Fe–MIL–88NH2 as Peroxidase Mimetic

The presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in milk is a major concern because it constitutes a public health hazard. Here, a sensitive flow injection chemiluminescence method was established for the detection of H2O2. As a peroxidase mimetic, metal–organic framework Fe–MIL–88NH2 was found to significantly enhance the chemiluminescence of luminol–H2O2 reaction. The enhancement mechanism could be attributed to peroxidase-like activity of Fe–MIL–88NH2, which effectively catalyzed the decomposition of H2O2 into hydroxyl radical. The experimental conditions for the chemiluminescence reaction were thoroughly investigated. The chemiluminescence intensity was proportional to the concentration of H2O2 in the range of 0.1–10.0 μmol/L. The detection limit was 0.025 μmol/L H2O2, and the relative standard deviation was 2.6 % for 11 replicated measurements of 1.0 μmol/L H2O2 solution. The practicability of this method was demonstrated by determining H2O2 in milk samples.

Graphene Oxide Based Fluorometric Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in Milk.

We report a highly rapid, visual, precise, selective and sensitive analytical method for the determination of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in milk using Graphene oxide (GO) with 2',7'-dichlorfluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). A 1000 µL aliquots of 10-fold diluted samples (high and low-fat milk) directly onto the 100 µL of GO and 100 µL of 100 µM DCFH-DA produced green colour under Ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The analytical feature of our proposed method includes low detection limit (10 mmol mL⁻¹) and satisfactory recovery values for samples. The presence of H202 in milk is a major concern because it constitutes a public health hazard. Many milk indursties are using H₂O₂ as a preservative, but if the concentration increases then it causes so many health problems such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer and diabetes. Present methods show an easy way for detecting H₂O₂ generally require considerable time and laboratory facilities. The chemical tests have sufficient sensitivity to detect wide linear range of H₂O₂ concentration.

A nanoporous MgO based nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor for rapid screening of hydrogen peroxide in milk

In this work, a nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor based on nanoporous magnesium oxide (MgO) was developed for the rapid screening of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in milk.