Hydrogen Peroxidase Research Articles

Paper microfluidic device using carbon dots to detect glucose and lactate in saliva samples

Bioanalyses are commonly performed with blood or serum samples. However, these analyses often require invasive and painful blood collection using a needle or finger pricking. Saliva is an alternative and very attractive biological medium for performing clinical analyses, since it contains many types of clinically relevant biomarkers and compounds. Its collection is straightforward and can be achieved in a non-invasive and stress-free way. However, the analytes are frequently present at low concentrations, while the viscosity of whole saliva hinders its analysis using paper devices, especially those with multiple layers (3D-μPADs). This work explores the use of a simple, fast, and low-cost saliva sample pretreatment using a cotton-paper-syringe filtration system, allowing the analysis of saliva samples using multilayer paper devices. The proposed methodology employs the oxidation of glucose and lactate, catalyzed by specific oxidase enzymes, producing hydrogen peroxide. The detection is based on the fluorescence quenching of carbon dots in the presence of hydrogen peroxidase. The concentrations of the analytes showed good linear correlations with the fluorescence quenching, with LODs of 2.60 × 10−6 and 8.14 × 10−7 mol L−1 for glucose and lactate, respectively. The proposed method presented satisfactory intra-day and inter-day repeatabilities, with %RSD values in the range 3.82–6.61%. The enzymatic systems proved to be specific for the analytes and the matrix had no significant influence on the glucose and lactate determinations. The proposed methodology was successfully applied to saliva and serum samples and was validated using certified material.

DUOX2/DUOXA2 mutations frequently cause congenital hypothyroidism that evades detection on newborn screening in the UK

Patients with mutations in the dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2 ) gene – encoding a NADPH oxidase that generates hydrogen peroxidase for iodide organification – have been repeatedly reported as not being detected by neonatal screening because it causes only mild hyperthyrotropinemia at birth. Here, Peters et al. determined the incidence of DUOX2 and dual oxidase 2 maturation factor (DUOXA2 ) mutations in patients with borderline blood spot TSH values. In a retrospective genetic study in 52 patients with thyroid gland in situ and borderline TSH, they detected a surprisingly high incidence (50%) of DUOX2 or DUOXA2 mutations. The key characteristic of mutation positive vs. mutation negative patients during the neonatal period was a significantly higher TSH on venous confirmatory testing or on second blood spot screening than on initial screening and lower mean FT4 values despite mild hyperthyrotropinemia.

Lignification of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) pericarp tissue during blossom-end rot development

Blossom-end rot is a physiological disorder causing significant losses in the tomato industry each year. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species has been established as a key characteristic of blossom-end rot development. An increase in peroxidase activity and lignin precursor content are also associated with blossom-end rot symptoms, leading to the hypothesis that lignification may be occurring during blossom-end rot development. To investigate the potential involvement of lignification, hydrogen peroxide content, catalase activity, and peroxidase activity were measured in the top, bottom, and blossom-end rot affected tissue of blossom-end rot affected fruit, and the top and bottom of healthy fruit. Lignin was assayed using histochemical staining, autofluorescence, and thioglycolic acid degradation methods. Hydrogen peroxide content was increased in blossom-end rot affected and blossom-end rot adjacent tissues compared to healthy fruit and the top of blossom-end rot affected fruit. Catalase activity was significantly reduced and ferulic acid peroxidase activity was increased in the blossom-end rot affected and unaffected tissue at the bottom of blossom-end rot affected fruit compared to the bottom of healthy fruit. Lignin analyses showed increased lignin content in blossom-end rot affected tissue compared to tissue from the bottom of healthy fruit. These results show that lignification occurs during blossom-end rot development, likely through a peroxidase-mediated pathway.

Growth Performance, Gut Ecology, Immunocompetence and Resistance of Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles Fed Dietary Curcumin longa

Abstract The growth, gut ecology and immunocompetence of Oreochromis niloticus and the resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila were investigated after been fed with diets containing dietary Curcumin longa for 12 weeks. Diets were formulated to contain 30% crude protein with diet TC1, TC2, TC3, TC4 and TC5 having 0% (control), 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% turmeric powder, respectively. Diets were allotted to groups of O. niloticus (mean weight of 1.29± 0.15 g) and replicated thrice for 84 days. Results showed that the highest mean final weight (4.79±0.04 g) was obtained in TC3 and corresponded to the treatment with the highest feed intake. A significantly high (p<0.05) specific growth rate (SGR) was observed in TC3 (0.73±0.03 %day−1) while TC4 (0.57±0.02 %day−1) gave the lowest value. The highest microbial load in the gut was observed in TC1 groups and the least in TC4 groups. Red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume did not show significant variation (p>0.05) across treatments. However, white blood cell (WBC) count was significantly higher in TC1 (control). There was an improved immunocompetence, as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) progressively reduces in fish fed supplements. Similarly, there was a better oxidative response in the treated groups with reduced hydrogen peroxidase, increased total protein and glutathione peroxidase. Mortality ranged from 25% in TC4 to 95% in TC1 after the challenge test with A. hydrophila. This study showed that C. longa inclusion at 0.5% is more beneficial when growth and health status of O. niloticus juveniles are considered.

Exploring the impacts of mercury chloride exposure on fatty acids profile, oxidative stress response and histomorphological aspect of Cerastoderma edule detoxifying organs

Mercury chloride (HgCl2) is a highly toxic compound which provokes a wide range of complicated disorders. The present work aimed to investigate the potential effects of HgCl2 toxicity on the redox state, fatty acids composition and histomorphological aspect of Cerastoderma edule (C. edule) gills and digestive gland. To this end, C. edule were exposed to HgCl2 graded concentrations (1, 10 and 100 µg.L−1) for 6 days. Results showed that HgCl2 exposure caused a significant increase in the levels of hydrogen peroxidase (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Fatty acids (FA) analysis in the treated gills and digestive glands indicated an increase in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and a decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. However, the levels of arachidonic (ARA) and linoleic (C18:2n-6) acids were enhanced especially at the sharpest concentration (100 µg/L). In our investigation, we noticed a significant alteration in the estimated desaturases and elongases’ activities in the treated gills as compared to the digestive glands. A concentration-dependent increase in the enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and non-enzymatic (metallothionein, reduced glutathione and vitamin C) antioxidants was also observed in all treated C. edule. The histopathological changes detected in HgCl2-treated gills and digestive glands varied in a concentration-dependent manner. Overall, this work presented novel evidences about the mechanisms of HgCl2-induced toxicity in bivalves.

Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Common and Divergent Responses of Maize Seedling Leaves to Cold and Heat Stresses.

Temperature stresses (TS), including cold and heat stress, adversely affect the growth, development, and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). To clarify the molecular mechanisms of the tolerance of maize seedling leaves to TS, we applied transcriptomic sequencing of an inbred maize line, B73, with seedlings exposed to various temperature conditions, including normal temperature (NT, 25 °C), cold (4, 10, and 16 °C), and heat (37, 42, and 48 °C) stresses. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in different comparison between the NT sample and each temperature-stressed sample, with 5358, 5485, 5312, 1095, 2006, and 4760 DEGs responding to TS of 4, 10, 16, 37, 42, and 48 °C, respectively. For cold and heat stresses, 189 DEGs enriched in the hydrogen peroxidase metabolic process, cellular modified amino acid metabolic process, and sulfur compound metabolic process were common. The DEGs encoding calcium signaling and reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes demonstrated similar expression characterizations, whereas the DEGs encoding transcription factors, such as ERF, ARF, and HSF, hormone signaling, and heat shock proteins, displayed divergent expression models, implying both common and divergent responses to cold and heat stresses in maize seedling leaves. Co-expression network analysis showed that functional DEGs associated with the core regulators in response to cold and heat stresses were significantly correlated with TS, indicating their vital roles in cold and heat adaptation, respectively. Our investigation focused on the response to gradient TS, and the results presented a relatively comprehensive category of genes involved in differential TS responses. These will contribute a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of maize seedling leaf responses to TS and provide valuable genetic resources for breeding TS tolerant varieties of maize.

Elucidation of biochemical induction of host defence by biomolecules/ bioagents against Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn in soybean (Glycine max Merr.)

An experiment was undertaken to understand the effect of elicitor compounds in imparting disease resistance to Rhizoctonia solani in Soybean. The results revealed that all the elicitor compounds were effective in managing the Rhizoctonia blight of soybean through the induction of host defence. Among the chemical inducers, isonicotinic acid was revealed to the most effective for inducing hydrogen peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and polyphenol oxidase where as phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase was found to be highest in plants treated with salicylic acid and benzyl amino purine, respectively. All the elicitor biomolecules decreased the endogenous content of xylanase, laccase and cellulase to a greater extent, which have been reported as pathogenic determinants and assist pathogen attack. The bioagents were also effective in inducing the defence response to Rhizoctonia blight in soybean.

Влияние обработок препаратом на основе полисульфида кальция на всхожесть семян и урожайность растений пшеницы

Abstract. For the further intensification of the processes of agricultural crop production, the permanent development of new preparations with effective growth-regulating activity in relation to crops and exhibit the ability to suppress phytopathogens and improve the quality of economically valuable products is required. The purpose of the investigation was to study the effect of pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds with calcium polysulfide (CaS4) preparations on germination, plant productivity parameters, and grain quality. Methods. In laboratory conditions, the effect of calcium polysulfide on the germination of wheat plants was investigated. 0.1; 0.5 and 1 % of CaS4 solutions for incubating the seeds during 1, 2 and 3 hours were used. Fresh and dry mass, shoot and root lengths, as well as the rate of formation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide content, were determined, peroxidase and catalase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration ware detected. Infield studies seeds were treated with CaS4 solution at a rate of 0.6 l/t, followed by determination of the number of seedlings affected by root rot. Results. As a result of one-hour presowing treatment of seeds with a 0.1% solution in six-day-old seedlings, an increase in leaf length was observed, as well as a beneficial effect of the drug on the redox system of root tissues. The use of CaS4 solution for pre-sowing treatment and during heading in the field increased the yield by 3 quintals/ha and increased the protein content in wheat seeds by 8–9 %. A conclusion is drawn on the effect of calcium polysulfide on the germination of wheat seeds depending on the concentration and time of pre-sowing treatment.

In vitro localisation and degradation of few-layer MoS2 submicrometric plates in human macrophage-like cells: a label free Raman micro-spectroscopic study

Monitoring the uptake, micro-environment and fate of micro or nano scaled particulate materials in cells is of paramount importance for the emerging fields of toxicology and medicine. Such particulate materials are known to interfere with colorimetric assays and many such assays record only a single end-point. Therefore, there is a need for a label-free, cost effective technique with little or no inference from the particulate materials.Raman micro-spectroscopy was used to simultaneously interrogate the integrity of few-layer MoS2 submicrometric plates in human macrophage-like cells, in vitro, as well as the biochemical characteristics of the local micro-environment in which they are encompassed. Firstly, the degradation profile of MoS2 plates induced by hydrogen peroxidase was established using UV–vis absorption and Raman micro-spectroscopy. Raman micro-spectroscopic maps interrogated all aspects of the cell, including the nucleus, cytoplasm and perinuclear region, and the location/distribution of MoS2 was monitored as a function of time (4, 24 and 72 h). Whereas only pristine MoS2 was detectable after 4 and 72 periods, degradation in vitro was confirmed following a 24 h incubation. Analysis of the MoS2 micro-environments revealed the presence of both phosphatidyl lipidic vesicles and enzymatic regions containing lysozyme, the former being most associated with the MoS2 degradation. There was an increase and saturation of cytosolic neutral lipids detected following a 24 h incubation with MoS2, which reduces following a prolonged incubation of 72 h. This study reveals that macrophage-like cells perform degradation of the material in vitro within lipidic vesicles subsequent to phagocytosis, which manifest as an increase in the production of lipid bodies as a mechanism of defense following exposure to industrial grade MoS2.

Neutrophil myeloperoxidase harbors distinct site-specific peculiarities in its glycosylation

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCAs) are directed against lysosomal components of neutrophils. ANCAs directed to proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in particular are associated with distinct forms of small vessel vasculitides. MPO is an abundant neutrophil-derived heme protein that is part of the antimicrobial defense system. The protein is typically present in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils, but a large portion may also enter the extracellular space. It remains unclear why MPO is frequently the target of antibody-mediated autoimmune responses. MPO is a homodimeric glycoprotein, posttranslationally modified with complex sugars at specific sites. Glycosylation can strongly influence protein function, affecting its folding, receptor interaction, and backbone accessibility. MPO potentially can be heavily modified as it harbors 5 putative N-glycosylation sites (10 in the mature dimer). Although considered important for MPO structure and function, the full scope and relative abundance of the glycans attached to MPO is unknown. Here, combining bottom-up glycoproteomics and native MS approaches, we structurally characterized MPO from neutrophils of healthy human donors. We quantified the relative occupancy levels of the glycans at each of the five sites and observed complex heterogeneity and site-specific glycosylation. In particular, we detected glycosylation phenotypes uncommon for glycoproteins in the extracellular space, such as a high abundance of phosphorylated high-mannose species and severely truncated small glycans having the size of paucimannose or smaller. We hypothesize that the atypical glycosylation pattern found on MPO might contribute to its specific processing and presentation as a self-antigen by antigen-presenting cells.

Combined effects of salinity and drought on physiological and biochemical characteristics of pistachio rootstocks

In the current research, four seven-month-old pistachio rootstocks named UCB-1, Badami, Ghazvini and Kale-Ghouchi were exposed to control, drought, salinity and drought + salinity conditions for eight weeks. Considering the results of this research, in all studied pistachio rootstocks, Na+ and Cl− increased, while K+ decreased under drought and salinity, alone or in combination. Also, under drought, salinity and drought + salinity in all studied pistachio rootstocks and compared to the control environment, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes activities and contents of electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, other aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide, proline, total free amino acids and total soluble carbohydrates were elevated, while the content of protein decreased with the largest impact which was visible under combined stress. In this study, a positive correlation was observed between the amount of K+ and antioxidant enzymes activities. Other correlations that were observed were negative correlations between the hydrogen peroxidase content and the amounts of proline, total free amino acids, total soluble carbohydrates and total soluble proteins. Based on the bi-plot and cluster analyses and other outcomes, UCB-1 > Badami > Ghazvini > Kale-Ghouchi pistachio rootstocks are arranged from resistant to sensitive cultivars under alone or combination of drought and salinity stresses. Altogether, the destructive effects of different aforementioned environments can be arranged as follows: drought + salinity > salinity > drought.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Decrease Oxidative Stress in the Bowels of Interleukin-10 Knockout Mice.

Background/AimsInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation mainly in the large intestine. The interleukin-10 knockout (IL-10 KO) mouse is a well-known animal model of IBD that develops spontaneous intestinal inflammation resembling Crohn’s disease. Oxidative stress is considered to be the leading cause of cell and tissue damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause direct cell injury and/or indirect cell injury by inducing the secretion of cytokines from damaged cells. This study evaluated the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) on the progression of IBD.MethodsIn this study, human bone marrow-derived MSCs were injected into IL-10 KO mice (MSC). Oxidative stress and inflammation levels were evaluated in the large intestine and compared with those in control IL-10 KO mice (CON) and normal wild-type control mice (Wild).ResultsThe levels of ROS (superoxide and hydrogen peroxidase) and a secondary end-product of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) were considerably higher in the CON, while superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were lower in the MSC. Inflammation-related marker (interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-4, and CD8) expression and inflammatory histological changes were much less pronounced in MSC than in CON.ConclusionsMSCs affect the redox balance, leading to the suppression of IBD.

The effect of oxidative treatment on soluble compounds from Australian coal

The production of biogenic methane from coal has been observed through isotope analysis of coal bed methane (CBM). Microbial degradation of coal leads to the production of chemical compounds, which, under anaerobic conditions, can be biologically converted into methane. However, the types of coal compounds accessible to these microbial processes are poorly defined. This study aims to define the nature of chemical compounds released from coal under oxidative conditions. Coal from three different coal seams were extracted and released compounds were analysed with GC–MS and H-NMR. Coals were then exposed to hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide and peroxidase, which mimic microbial oxidation. Our analysis showed that the three coals shared around half of their apolar, mobile compounds, including alkanes ranging from C11 to C27 and methylated variations thereof, as well as poly-aromatic hydrocarbons, such as methylated naphthalenes, phenanthrenes and fluorenes. Oxidative treatments of coal caused significant changes in chemical profiles compared to untreated coal. All treatments resulted in the production of propionate, an important substrate for syntrophic methanogenesis. However, there were also qualitative and quantitative differences in the polar compounds produced during enzymatic and peroxide treatments. These results show how different chemical and enzymatic processes that are relevant to microbial oxidation will produce distinct profiles in intermediate metabolites that will likely then determine the subsequent pathways of microbial methane production.

Inactivation of harmful cyanobacteria by Ag/AgCl@ZIF-8 coating under visible light: Efficiency and its mechanisms

A novel floating photocatalyst was prepared by depositing Ag/AgCl@ZIF-8 on a sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate modified sponge with a simple dip-coating method and was employed for the inactivation of harmful cyanobacteria for the first time. The effect of coated sponge on Microcystis aeruginosa under visible light was investigated and a possible mechanism was proposed. The results showed that the synthesized photocatalyst exhibited outstanding performance with a high removal efficiency of chlorophyll a reaching 98.5% after 4 h and revealed excellent stability under visible light. The superoxide radicals, holes and hydroxyl radicals played a crucial role, which causing the damage of cell wall and membrane, the bleaching of pigments, the collapse of superoxide dismutase and hydrogen peroxidase and other oxidation stress effects. Above all, Ag/AgCl@ZIF-8 sponge fabricated from this simple and cost-effective dip-coating method has a promising prospect for the removal of harmful cyanobacteria in eutrophic water bodies.

Identification of multiple ferritin genes in Macrobrachium nipponense and their involvement in redox homeostasis and innate immunity

Based on the transcriptome database, we screened out four ferritin subunit genes (MnFer2-5) from the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense, which encode two non-secretory and two secretory peptides. MnFer2 and 4 possess a strictly conserved ferroxidase site, and MnFer3 has a non-typical ferroxidase site. MnFer5 seems to be a number of ferritin families, which has a distinct dinuclear metal binding motif, but lacks an iron ion channel, a ferroxidase site and a nucleation site. Diverse tissue-specific transcriptions of the four genes indicate their functional diversity in the prawn. Among them, MnFer2 is mainly expressed in hepatopancreas and intestines, MnFer3 and 4 are predominantly expressed in gills, and MnFer5 is widely expressed in various tissues with high presence in intestines, hepatopancreas and haemocytes. The transcription of all the four MnFer genes can be strongly induced by doxorubicin, indicating the involvement of these ferritin subunits in protection from oxidative stress. Upon Aeromonas hydrophila infection, only MnFer5 is persistently up-regulated, while other subunits including MnFer2-4 are down-regulated during the early stage, followed by recovery and even a slight increase at 48 h post bacterial challenge. Moreover, the iron binding capacity of recombinant MnFer2 is also demonstrated in vitro. The E. coli expressing MnFer2 displays increased resistance to hydrogen peroxidase cytotoxicity. These results suggest a protective role of ferritins from M. nipponense in iron homeostasis, redox biology and antibacterial immunity and shed light on the molecule evolution of crustacean ferritin subunits.

Performance analysis of an oxidase/peroxidase-based mediatorless amperometric biosensor

Mediatorless bienzyme-type amperometric biosensors that couple a hydrogen peroxidase (H2O2)-generating oxidase (OxD) reaction on the electrode surface with a direct electron transfer-type bioelectrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) allow the detection of the substrate of the OxD without any mediator. Constructed was an analytical model involving four steps: the diffusion of the substrate of an OxD, the diffusion of oxygen, the enzymatic reaction of the OxD, and the enzymatic reaction of HRP to understand the response of the mediatorless bienzyme-type biosensors. Pyruvate oxidase was used as a model OxD to detect pyruvate. The steady-state amperometric response of the pyruvate sensor in a rotating disk mode as functions of the pyruvate concentration and the rotating speed was well explained on the model to yield the kinetic parameters for the enzymatic reactions and the mass transfer in the biosensor. Based on the kinetic parameters, we constructed a mediatorless bienzyme-type microelectrode to detect pyruvate with a steady-state diffusion-controlled performance under quiescent conditions.

Comprehensive metabolomic, proteomic and physiological analyses of grain yield reduction in rice under abrupt drought-flood alternation stress.

Abrupt drought-flood alternation (T1) is a meteorological disaster that frequently occurs during summer in southern China and the Yangtze river basin, often causing a significant loss of rice production. In this study, the response mechanism of yield decline under abrupt drought-flood alternation stress at the panicle differentiation stage was analyzed by looking at the metabolome, proteome as well as yield and physiological and biochemical indexes. The results showed that drought and flood stress caused a decrease in the yield of rice at the panicle differentiation stage, and abrupt drought-flood alternation stress created a synergistic effect for the reduction of yield. The main reason for the decrease of yield per plant under abrupt drought-flood alternation was the decrease of seed setting rate. Compared with CK0 (no drought and no flood), the net photosynthetic rate and soluble sugar content of T1 decreased significantly and its hydrogen peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase activity increased significantly. The identified differential metabolites and differentially expressed proteins indicated that photosynthesis metabolism, energy metabolism pathway and reactive oxygen species response have changed strongly under abrupt drought-flood alteration stress, which are factors that leads to the rice grain yield reduction.

Accumulation and Tolerance of Cd in Two Willow Species

In order to explore the phytoremediation ability of willow in heavy metal contaminated soil and water, we studied the growth response, accumulation and translocation capacity and antioxidant enzyme activities in Salix matsudana 'J172' (A7) and Salix psammophila 'Huangpi1' (A94) under the stress of Cd (0, 15 and 30 μM) by hydroponic. The results showed that the growth inhibition of A94 was greater than A7 under the stress of different concentrations of Cd. The accumulation of Cd in whole A94 plant was more than that of A7, and the leaves were the main organ that could accumulate Cd. Furthermore, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in leaves and roots of A7 and A94 is significantly increased and hydrogen peroxide (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities were significantly reduced under the stress of Cd. Particularly, Salix psammophila 'Huangpi1' showed better Cd tolerence and had better ability of phytor emediation in Cd contaminated water.

Impacts of straw, biogas slurry, manure and mineral fertilizer applications on several biochemical properties and crop yield in a wheat-maize cropping system

To investigate the effects of different sources of organic matter on soil biochemical properties and crop productivity and to find the best substitute for cow manure in the fields, a field experiment was carried out in a wheat-maize cropping system during 2012–2015. Three types of fertilizer applications, including a mineral fertilizer (CK), straw (S) and biogas slurry (B) were compared with cow manure (M) under an equal dose of nitrogen. In the 0–20 cm soil layer, the soil total nitrogen, microbial biomass nitrogen and carbon content of the M treatment was the highest, and the total organic carbon equivalent ratio of M decreased by 28.60% respectively, relative to S. Compared with CK, S and B, the urease activity equivalent ratio in the M treatment increased by 52, 12 and 21%, and the invertase activity equivalent ratio increased by 21, 20 and 26%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the hydrogen peroxidase activity among the four treatments. The annual crop yield and water use efficiency of the M treatment was significantly higher than other treatments, followed by S, B and CK. Our findings indicated that straw returning was the best substitute for cow manure.

Assessment of impaired fasting blood glucose staff in Kashim Ibrahim College of education Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria

This study assessed of impaired fasting blood glucose staff in Kashim Ibrahim College of Education Maiduguri, Borno state. Three hypotheses guided the study. Survey research design was used for this study. The population for the study comprised staff of Kashim Ibrahim College of Education Maiduguri numbering 566 (academic staff 216 and non-academic staff 350). A sample of 57 (males 37, females 20) staff were selected for the study using stratified sampling technique with proportionate method. The instruments used for data collection were Floride oxalate container (green cap), syringe (5ml) and needle (made in USA 2016 model), buffer or lyophilized enzymes, hydrogen peroxidase, Blank, standard solution and test solution was used to determine blood glucose of the participants; biodata sheet was used in recording the information of each participant. Analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, frequency counts and percentage. T-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level of significance. All the hypotheses formulated was retained. It was concluded that there is no significant difference in the hypotheses tested. Based on the results of this study, it was recommended that seminars, workshops and health talks should be organize by the College authority to create more awareness to the staff on dieting and the importance of healthy eating.